甲醛去除方法的研究进展

甲醛存在于我们的衣、食、住、行,无处不在,因其毒性大,对人身体危害大,是生活中的隐形杀手,因此甲醛的去除显得尤为重要。综述了几种常用的甲醛去除方法。     

耐尔蓝-溴酸钾体系褪色光度法测定痕量甲醛

1　引　　言近年来 ,随着一些以甲醛为生产原料的材料 (如酚醛树脂等 )广泛应用于室内装修、家具以及化纤地毯等消费品的生产 ,甲醛已成为重要的环境污染物之一。传统的甲醛测定方法主要有变色酸光度法和乙酰丙酮光度法 ,二者灵敏度不高。最近报道的测定甲醛的方法有色谱法、电化学方法、荧光法、化学发光等方法。而利用动力学光度法测定的报道较少。研究发现 ,痕量甲醛在硫酸介质中对溴酸钾 耐尔蓝 (ＮＢ)溶液具有加快其褪色的作用 ,从而提出一种高灵敏度的痕量甲醛的测定新方法。该方法的线性范围为 8～ 1 2 0 μｇ Ｌ;检出限为 5 μｇ Ｌ…     

氧化锰催化氧化甲醛的研究进展

甲醛是一种常见的室内污染物,严重威胁着人类的身体健康。氧化锰催化氧化甲醛是近年来发展起来的一种有效治理甲醛的方法,具有价廉、有效和环保的特点。本文从氧化锰催化氧化甲醛的机理、影响其催化效率的因素及氧化锰催化剂的改性研究等方面综述了利用纳米氧化锰催化降解甲醛的研究进展,并展望了纳米氧化锰材料催化降解甲醛的发展方向和应用前景。     

碳一化工路线制备乙二醇研究进展

乙二醇(EG)是一种重要的化工原料,主要用来生产新型聚酯纤维.近年来由于我国聚酯产业发展迅速,极大的推动了对乙二醇的需求.碳一化工路线以资源丰富、价格便宜的天然气或煤为原料合成乙二醇,有着诱人的工业化前景.综述了以合成气为原料合成乙二醇的研究进展,包括合成气直接合成法、甲醛羰化法、CO偶联法、甲醛氢甲酰化法以及甲醛缩合法等.     

石墨探针GFAAS直接测定甲醛中痕量铅

铅是判断甲醛中重金属含量的重要指标,其含量高低影响到甲醛的纯度。准确测定铅的含量,对甲醛工业生产有重要的指导意义。目前测定有机物中微量金属的方法有溶出电位法、电位滴定法、电热AAS法、荧光光谱法等。由于甲醛中铅的含量很低,因而要求检测的方法灵敏度高,检出限低,重现性好,结果可靠。石墨探针原子化技术是一种实现等温原子化的新技术,它具有加热速率快,原子化效率高,基体干扰少,灵敏度高等特点,是一项良好的痕量金属分析技术。本文采用该技术对痕量铅进行一系列条件试验,并直接测定甲醛中铅的含量。     

一种用于检测气态甲醛的新型荧光探针

甲醛是一种常见的挥发性有机物（VOC）,当其浓度达到一定水平时,会对人体健康产生危害,如刺激眼和鼻黏膜、引起咽喉疼痛、咳嗽和气喘等。长期接触甲醛会对人体造成严重损害。为此,我们设计合成了一种荧光探针TF（4-肼基-1,8-萘基-1,2-苯并咪唑）,TF的肼基团可以识别甲醛,并通过与甲醛的羰基部分缩合形成腙的反应实现甲醛的检测。TF显示出较高的灵敏性和选择性。此外,为了直接检测气态的甲醛,我们利用TF制备了荧光试纸,探究其在甲醛定性检测中的应用,同时还探究了一种简易监测装置用于室内甲醛的定量测量。     

络黑T褪色催化动力学光度法测定微量甲醛

甲醛是一种环境污染物.室内装修材料、家具、化纤材料、食品、饮料等包装材料生产过程都不同程度地用了甲醛,这些物质释放的微量甲醛会给人体健康造成极大危害.国际癌症研究所(IARC)已建议将其列为一种可疑致癌物.     

基于曼尼希反应的聚集诱导发光效应用于灵敏检测甲醛

甲醛是一类无色无味的致癌物，严重危害人类健康，对甲醛的灵敏检测在环境监测、毒物评估、临床诊断和医疗保健等领域均具有非常重要的意义。本研究合成了具有聚集诱导发光（Aggregation-induced emission, AIE）效应的荧光探针四羟基四苯基乙烯（Tetra(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylene, TPE-4OH），在1,2,4,5-苯四胺四盐酸盐（1,2,4,5-Benzenetetramine tetrahydrochloride, BTA）存在条件下，TPE-4OH与溶液中的甲醛分子发生曼尼希反应，从而发生AIE，引起荧光增强，荧光强度变化与体系中的甲醛水平密切相关，通过测定TPE-4OH的AIE强度可检测水溶液中甲醛浓度。优化了反应物浓度、溶液pH值以及反应时间等条件。在最优条件下，本方法检测甲醛的线性范围为1.0～2000μmol/L，检出限为1.0μmol/L。将本方法应用于血清样品中甲醛浓度的检测，回收率为93.7%～106.4%，显示了良好的实际应用价值，为水溶液中甲醛浓度检测提供了一种新方法。     

有机小分子荧光探针对甲醛的识别及其应用

甲醛不仅用作工业化学品,也是调节人体生理活动的必要代谢产物。但是,人体从外环境过量的摄入甲醛或者内环境甲醛代谢的不平衡,会造成器官癌变和老年痴呆等重大疾病。有机小分子荧光探针以其高灵敏度、高选择性、可视化和原位检测等特点,使其在生物体内外甲醛检测和生物成像领域具有应用优势,同时也为实际产品中甲醛的痕量检测提供一种新方法。近五年来,甲醛荧光探针得到了快速的发展。本文主要从甲醛荧光探针的反应类型、生物体中甲醛的荧光成像以及在实际样品(商品)检测应用三个方面,介绍有机小分子荧光探针对甲醛的识别和应用。最后总结指出,不同类型的有机小分子荧光探针在不断开发、结构优化和光学性能提升及满足辅助生物医学方向长期性研究的同时,也能拓展应用范围,达到短期内对实际产品中甲醛快速(原位)检测的目的。     

溴酸钾氧化靛红催化光度法测定痕量甲醛

甲醛对人体有不同程度的危害,对人体呼吸道黏膜和皮肤有强烈的刺激作用.吸人过量甲醛,可导致流泪、流涕等症状,并发生呼吸道疾病.慢性吸入低浓度甲醛,可导致持续头疼、无力、失眠等症状.长期皮肤接触,会导致皮炎,过敏者还会发生皮疹.国际癌症研究所已将其列为可疑致癌物质[1].因此,对食品、饮料及室内空气中所含甲醛的测定,具有非常重要的实际意义.     

Enhanced Formaldehyde‐Vapor Adsorption Capacity of Polymeric Amine‐Incorporated Aminosilicas

Airborne formaldehyde, which is a highly problematic volatile organic compound (VOC) pollutant, is adsorbed by polymeric amine‐incorporated silicas (aminosilicas), and the factors that affect the adsorption performance are systematically investigated. Three different types of polymeric amines 1) poly(ethyleneimine) branched (PEIBR); 2) poly(ethyleneimine) linear (PEILI); and 3) poly(allylamine) (PAA) are impregnated into two types of porous silicas [SBA‐15 and mesocellular foam (MCF) silicas] with systematic changes of the amine loadings. The adsorption results demonstrate that the adsorption capacity increases along with the amine loading until the polymeric amines completely fill the silica pores. This results in the MCF silica, which has a larger pore volume and hence can accommodate more polymeric amine before completely filling the pore, giving materials that adsorb more formaldehyde, with the largest adsorption capacity, q, of up to 5.7 mmol_HCHO g^?1 among the samples studied herein. Of the three different types of polymers, PAA, comprised of 100 % primary amines, showed the highest amine efficiency μ (mmol_HCHO/mmol_N) for capturing formaldehyde. The chemical structures of the adsorbed formaldehyde are analyzed by ¹³C cross‐polarization magic‐angle spinning (CP‐MAS) NMR, and it is demonstrated that the adsorbed formaldehyde is chemically attached to the aminosilica surface, forming hemiaminal and imine species. Because the chemical adsorption of formaldehyde forms covalent bonds, it is not desorbed from the aminosilicas below 130 °C based on temperature‐programed‐desorption (TPD) analysis. The high formaldehyde‐adsorption capacity and stability of the trapped formaldehyde on the amine surface in this study reveal the potential utility of aminosilicas as formaldehyde abatement materials.     

含杯芳烃的高分子功能材料的研究与应用*

作为第三代超分子大环化合物的代表,杯芳烃具有特殊的分子识别能力和独特的结构易修性,将杯芳烃掺杂或键合于高分子材料中,可得到各种具有分子识别功能的高分子材料。本文综述了含杯芳烃的高人子材料在化学传感器,色谱及传输分离等方面的研究和应用。     

The Prebiotic Synthesis of Acrolein

Summary.  Acrolein is a central intermediate in the prebiotic synthesis of several amino acids, pentaerythritol, as well as various postulated alternative genetic materials. Acrolein is highly reactive so that its steady-state concentration could not have been very high. The ease of synthesis of acrolein from the aqueous aldol condensation of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde was therefore of interest. It is shown here that acrolein is produced in a low, but significant, steady-state concentration from very dilute solutions of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde under neutral to basic conditions. Acrolein is produced under conditions that are too dilute for the oligomerization of formaldehyde to produce carbohydrates. The implications of these findings for prebiotic chemical evolution are discussed. Corresponding author. E-mail: hcleaves@ucsd.edu Received June 18, 2002; accepted July 9, 2002     

The Application of Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization in Modification of PVDF-based Fluoropolymer

Fluorinated polymers are important materials that are widely used in many areas as taking the advantage of inertness to chemical corrosion, prominent weather resistance, low flammability, and good thermal stability. Poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) based fluoropolymers is the most common type of commercial fluoropolymer especially used as dielectric materials. However, there are always some shortcomings in practical applications, so it is necessary to modify PVDF-based fluoropolymers for better application. Controlled/living radical polymerization(CRP) and related techniques have become a powerful approach to tailoring the chemical and physical properties of materials and have given rise to great advances in modification of PVDF-based fluoropolymers.     

Structure and properties of keratin/PEO blend nanofibres

Keratin proteins are the major component of hair, feathers, wool and horns and represent an important source of renewable raw materials for many applications. Regenerated keratin has useful properties such as biocompatibility and biodegradability. Moreover, keratin materials can absorb heavy metal ions, formaldehyde and other VOCs. In this work, regenerated keratin was blended with aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in different proportion in order to improve its processability. Keratin/PEO nanofibres were produced by electrospinning the blend aqueous solutions. The chemical, physical and rheological characteristics of the blend solutions were correlated with morphology, structural, thermal and mechanical properties of the electrospun mats.     

沸石分子筛催化剂在化学工业中的应用

沸石分子筛作为重要的催化材料广泛应用于化学工业, 本文系统介绍了分子筛催化剂在石油炼制、 石油化工、 煤化工、 精细化工及环境化工等领域的工业应用, 阐述了分子筛催化剂在推动化学工业技术进步与发展上发挥的重大作用, 并对分子筛催化剂的未来发展进行了展望.     

有机半导体荧光传感材料及危险化学品检测应用

荧光传感材料作为有机半导体光电功能材料的重要组成之一,以其灵敏度高、选择性强、响应速度快等优势,成为当前化学传感领域的一个研究热点,近年来在反恐、禁毒等领域有着广泛的应用.然而目前,对荧光敏感材料各项性能参数的设计与优化,依然存在着经验性问题,需要基于构效结合思维,从待测物质的分子层次的物性认知出发,更有针对性地设计相应的传感材料.本文基于国内外前沿工作,结合本课题组多年在危险化学品荧光传感方向的经验,以爆炸物、神经毒剂和合成毒品的检测为例,对荧光敏感材料的设计原则和传感的分子级微观作用机制进行了系统论述.     

中空多壳层结构材料的制备及气体传感应用研究进展

先进气体传感器技术在现代社会安全生产生活中扮演着极为重要的角色, 而高效敏感材料的设计与开发是其中的关键. 中空多壳层结构材料因其独特的层层嵌套的多壳层与多腔体结构而表现出特别的物理化学性质, 在气体传感领域显现出巨大的应用潜力. 传统的硬模板法、 软模板法以及基于奥斯特瓦尔德熟化和柯肯德尔效应的无模板法在中空多壳层纳米结构材料的普适制备及壳层结构的精确调控等方面存在诸多限制. 次序模板法的出现突破了上述限制, 促进了该领域的迅速发展. 本文简要回顾了中空多壳层结构材料制备方法的发展历程, 介绍了其在甲醛、 乙醇、 丙酮、 甲苯及二氧化氮等有害气体检测中的具体应用, 分析了其在气体传感领域的独特优势, 最后对该领域面临的挑战和发展前景进行了总结与展望.     

Metal-organic frameworks-derived hierarchical ZnO structures as efficient sensing materials for formaldehyde detection

Semiconducting metal oxides have been considered as effective approach for designing high-performance chemical sensing materials. In this paper, a kind of metal-organic frameworks ZIF-8 was used as sacrificed template to prepare porous ZnO hollow nanocubes for the application in gas sensing. It is found that changing calcination temperature and solvent can greatly influence the morphology of the material, which finally affects the gas sensing performance. Acetylene-sensing properties of the sensors were investigated in detail. It can be clearly seen that the material used methanol as reaction solvent with the decomposition at 350 °C for 2 h (ZnO-350-M) showed the optimal formaldehyde-sensing behaviors compared with other materials prepared in this experiment. The dynamic transients of the ZnO-350-M-based sensors demonstrated a high response value (about 10), fast response and recovery rate (4 s and 4 s, respectively) and good selectivity towards 100 ppm (part per million) formaldehyde as well as a low detectable limit (1 ppm). As exemplified for the sensing investigation towards formaldehyde, the porous ZnO hollow nanocubes showed a significantly improved chemical sensitivity due to the highly synergistic effects from the well exposed surfaces, defect states and the robust ZnO.