纳米级金红石型二氧化钛与受阻胺光稳定剂协同改进ABS的抗老化性能研究

分别采用纳米级金红石型TiO2和受阻胺光稳定剂(HALS)对ABS进行改性,通过熔融共混法制备了ABS/纳米TiO2、ABS/纳米TiO2/HALS和ABS/HALS复合材料,采用GB/T16422.2~1999所述的塑料实验室光源暴露实验方法,用氙灯气候试验机对其进行28天人工加速老化,通过测定其老化过程中的无缺口和缺口试样冲击强度的变化来对其抗老化性能进行表征,同时利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对其老化过程中的冲击断口形貌变化进行了研究.结果表明,纳米TiO2在ABS基体中分散良好,改性后的复合材料均具有较好的抗老化性能,纳米TiO2与HALS复合改性ABS对其耐候性的提高具有明显的协同作用,其老化后的抗冲击性能超过了单一使用HALS或纳米TiO2的改性效果,老化28天后纯ABS树脂试样的无缺口冲击强度保持率只有20%左右,添加2.0 wt%纳米TiO2后,老化28天后的ABS/纳米TiO2/HALS复合材料试样的保持率则提高到47.9%,为纯ABS树脂试样的2.5倍.     

改性TiO2纳米粒子对聚丙烯抗紫外光老化及结晶性能的影响

用苯乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯乳液共聚物包覆纳米TiO2,制备出P(St-BA)/TiO2复合粒子.利用扫描电子显微镜、偏光显微镜、差示扫描量热分析法和力学性能测试,研究复合纳米粒子对聚丙烯(PP)的结晶行为、力学性能和抗紫外光老化性能的影响.结果表明,P(St-BA)/TiO2复合纳米粒子能使PP的球晶尺寸得到细化,更好地分散在基体树脂中.改性TiO2纳米粒子能有效提高PP的力学性能和抗紫外光老化性能,PP的断裂伸长率从89%提高到106%;缺口冲击强度从2.6 KJ/m2提高到了3.4KJ/m2.经紫外光老化500h后,断裂伸长率保持率为31%,PP仅为8%;老化后缺口冲击强度保持率为65%,PP为31%.     

稀土偶联剂对Mg(OH)2的改性作用及其在PP/Mg(OH)2体系中的应用

研究了稀土偶联剂(ReC)对Mg(OH)2的表面改性作用及PP/Mg(OH)2体系的燃烧性能、流动性能、力学性能及老化性能.稀土偶联剂可显著改善Mg(OH)2在非极性介质中的分散性;PP/Mg(OH)2体系当Mg(OH)2填充量超过50%时,氧指数(OI)≥28.5,但这时冲击强度不足纯PP的30%,熔体流动速率(MFR)低于0.6g/10min;而填科用2.59%(质量)ReC处理后,填充量为50%的体系冲击强度接近纯PP,MFR达2.8g/10min;Mg(OH)2对体系光氧老化过程有加速作用,而对热氧老化过程有阻滞作用;稀土偶联剂对体系光氧老化过程有轻微的促进作用,而对热氧老化过程无明显影响.     

TiO_2·SiO_2/beads的制备与性质

研究以空心玻璃微球为载体 ,用Sol gel法制备附载型复合光催化剂的过程 ,并对TiO2 ·SiO2 /beads光催化活性进行评价 .结果表明 :复合型光催化剂TiO2 ·SiO2 摩尔比存在最佳值 ,当n(TiO2 ) /m(SiO2 ) =30 /70时 ,光活性是在同样降解条件下 ,同样含量DegussaP 2 5TiO2 的 2倍左右 .同时研究制备方法、制备条件、TiO2 ·SiO2 摩尔比、TiO2 ·SiO2 /beads吸附性、活化条件、比表面等因素对附载型复合光催化剂活性的影响 .     

稀土偶联剂对Mg(OH)_2的改性作用及其在PP/Mg(OH)_2体系中的应用

研究了稀土偶联剂 (ReC)对Mg(OH) 2 的表面改性作用及PP/Mg(OH) 2 体系的燃烧性能、流动性能、力学性能及老化性能。稀土偶联剂可显著改善Mg(OH) 2 在非极性介质中的分散性 ;PP/Mg(OH) 2 体系当Mg(OH) 2 填充量超过 5 0 %时 ,氧指数 (OI)≥ 2 8.5 ,但这时冲击强度不足纯PP的 30 % ,熔体流动速率 (MFR)低于 0 .6g/1 0min ;而填料用 2 .5 % (质量 )ReC处理后 ,填充量为 5 0 %的体系冲击强度接近纯PP ,MFR达 2 .8g/1 0min ;Mg(OH) 2对体系光氧老化过程有加速作用 ,而对热氧老化过程有阻滞作用 ;稀土偶联剂对体系光氧老化过程有轻微的促进作用 ,而对热氧老化过程无明显影响     

ZnO/TiO2纳米管复合材料的制备及光电化学性能研究

采用电化学阳极氧化法制备TiO2纳米管,然后用光化学沉积法在TiO2纳米管表面沉积ZnO纳米颗粒制备ZnO/TiO2纳米复合材料。对样品进行了Raman谱、XRD和SEM表征,通过测定光电流-时间(I-t)和开路电压-时间(OCPT)曲线对ZnO/TiO2纳米复合材料的光电化学性能进行研究。结果表明,沉积ZnO没有改变TiO2的相结构;复合ZnO提高了TiO2的光电性能;在Zn(NO3)2浓度为10-3 mol.L-1的条件下制得的ZnO/TiO2纳米复合材料具有较好的光电性能。     

基于紫外屏蔽性能的云母/MnO2/TiO2复合半导体微米片的制备及在聚丙烯中的应用

为改善聚丙烯(PP)的抗老化性能, 采用化学液相沉积法合成了云母/MnO₂/TiO₂复合半导体微米片, 并通过物理共混法将微米片引入PP中. 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 X射线衍射仪(XRD)、 拉曼光谱仪、 紫外-可见漫反射光谱仪(UV-Vis DRS)、 傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)及电子万能试验机等考察了二氧化钛(TiO₂)负载量、 二氧化锰(MnO₂)添加量及pH等条件对微米片形貌、 晶体结构及紫外屏蔽性能的影响, 并研究了微米片对PP的抗老化改性效果. 结果表明, 控制MnO₂添加量为2.0%、 TiO₂负载量为20%、 pH值为1.6时, 可以诱导微米片中的TiO₂由锐钛矿型向金红石型转变, 微米片包覆状态佳、 紫外屏蔽性能优异. 紫外老化27 d后, 与纯PP相比, 经复合半导体微米片改性后的PP产生的C=O数量减少, 表面形貌保持度较高; 其拉伸强度保持率提升38%, 抗紫外老化性能显著提高.     

聚丙烯/凹凸棒石纳米复合材料的制备与性能研究

以聚丙烯(PP)为聚合物基体,天然凹凸棒石(ATP)为无机组分,经过氧化聚乙烯对ATP表面进行包覆处理,用熔融共混的方法制备了PP/ATP纳米复合材料.扫描电镜结果显示,经本方法处理后的ATP在PP基体中分散较为均匀.ATP棒晶簇直径最佳分散尺寸能达到20~40 nm,比未处理ATP在基体中的棒晶簇直径小10 nm以上;XRD测试表明,未处理ATP和处理后的ATP均有使PP晶粒细化的作用,同时不改变PP的α晶型;DSC结果显示,ATP的加入提高了PP的结晶温度和结晶度,说明ATP有一定的成核作用.通过对复合材料的力学性能测试发现,经过处理的ATP制备的复合材料力学性能优于未处理ATP复合材料对PP力学性能的改善.其中ATP与氧化聚乙烯固含量的质量比为2∶1,ATP含量为3 wt%时复合材料力学性能达到最好.缺口冲击强度比纯PP最高提高了83%,提高幅度显著;经过处理的ATP制备的复合材料拉伸强度提高了6%~11%;弯曲强度提高了33%~45%;弯曲模量提高了90%~106%.     

WC/TiO2纳米复合材料的制备及其电催化性能

以TiCl4为原料, 采用溶胶水解法合成了金红石型纳米TiO2颗粒, 并以其为载体制备了WC/TiO2纳米复合材料. 采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱(EDS)等手段分析了WC/TiO2纳米复合材料的晶相组成和表面形貌. 结果显示样品是由WC, TiO2和W组成, 纳米WC颗粒均匀地包覆在TiO2的表面, 并与TiO2构成了WC/TiO2纳米复合材料. 采用循环伏安法和计时电流法研究了WC/TiO2纳米复合材料对硝基苯的电催化性能. 结果表明, WC/TiO2纳米复合材料对硝基苯的电催化活性和电化学稳定性均优于介孔结构碳化钨(meso-WC)和纳米WC颗粒(part-WC).     

累托石/聚丙烯插层纳米复合材料的制备与性能

采用熔融共混法制备了有机改性累托石 (OREC)粘土 均聚聚丙烯 (PP)纳米复合材料 ,以X 射线衍射分析 (XRD)及透射电子显微镜分析 (TEM)观察了复合材料的相貌结构 ,研究了复合材料的力学性能及热性能 .结果表明 ,OREC在添加份数较少时可与均聚聚丙烯熔融插层形成插层型聚丙烯纳米复合材料 ,该复合材料与纯PP相比 ,具有较高的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率及冲击强度 .在有机粘土添加 2 %时 ,复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、冲击强度最高 ,与纯PP相比 ,2 %添加量的聚丙烯纳米复合材料拉伸强度提高 6 5 7% ,断裂伸长率提高 2 89 3% ,冲击强度提高 14 1% ,10 %失重率时对应的热分解温度提高 50K .     

Study on mechanical properties and phase morphology of polypropylene/polyolefin elastomer/magnesium hydroxide ternary composites

In this work, elastomer‐toughened polypropylene (PP)/magnesium hydroxide (MH) composites with ethylene–octene copolymer (POE) were prepared in a twin‐screw extruder and then injection‐molded. The structure, mechanical properties, phase morphology, and rheological behaviors of PP/POE/MH ternary composites were studied. The mechanical properties and fracture behaviors of PP/POE/MH ternary composites are strongly influenced by the incorporation of POE copolymer. The addition of POE causes a significant improvement in the impact strength of the composites, from 3.6 kJ/m² in untoughened composites to 47.4 kJ/m² in PP composites containing 30 phr POE. This indicates that POE is very effective in converting brittle PP composites into tough composites. Conversely, the tensile strength and the Young's modulus of the composites decrease with respect to the PP composites, as the weight fraction of POE is increased to 40 phr. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study shows a two‐phase morphology where POE, as droplets, is dispersed finely and uniformly in the PP matrix. The rheological behaviors show that the interfacial interaction in the composites is enhanced with increase in POE content. Interparticle interactions give rise to the formation of interparticle network. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Outdoor and accelerated weathering tests for polypropylene and polypropylene/talc composites: A comparative study of their weathering behavior

In this study, the comparisons of degradation behavior of polypropylene(PP) and PP/talc composites were carried out with one outdoor weathering test and three accelerated weathering (xenon, metal halide and carbon arc lamps) tests, respectively. The outdoor exposure vigorously advanced these degradations with the lowest amount of UV exposure energy. It was found that the degradation rates were affected by the visible light intensity in the light sources. In the case of the existence of talc compound, the degradation was synergistically accelerated by the exposures of the sunshine, the xenon and the metal halide lamps having higher visible light intensities. In addition, the degradations of the PP and the PP/talc composites were found to be synergistically accelerated by sunlight exposure and the acid rain, too.     

聚丙烯/石墨导电纳米复合材料的制备与性能

用溶液插层及其与熔体混合相结合的母料熔体混合 (MMM)方法制备了聚丙烯 (PP) 马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯 (gPP) 膨胀石墨 (EG) (gPP EG =3 2wt)导电纳米复合材料 ,其室温逾渗阀值 (c)分别为 6wt%和 8wt % ,明显低于直接熔体混合制得复合材料和PP EG对照材料的c=11wt%和 12wt% .增加gPP含量 (Cg)能提高复合材料的电导率 (σ) ,例如对于MMM法制备的复合材料 ,固定PP gPP =1 1wt时 ,c 降为 7wt% ;保持EG含量 =9wt%时 ,σ在Cg>30wt %后跃升 7个数量级以上 .通过TEM、SEM和OM观察 ,从制备方法、EG和gPP含量影响复合材料形态和微结构的角度 ,分析说明了出现上述差异和现象的原因 .     

纳米Fe/TiO_2粉体的制备及其光催化性能

光催化法是近年来发展较快的一种环境治理技术,掺杂型TiO_2催化剂是当前研究的焦点之一.以四氯化钛为主要原料,利用简单的溶胶法制备了纳米TiO_2、Fe/TiO_2粉体,研究发现掺杂铁,能够有效地延缓锐钛矿型TiO_2向金红石型TiO_2的转变,提高Fe/TiO_2粉体的光催化活性,并且500℃焙烧后的Fe/TiO_2催化剂,在紫外光下催化活性较好.     

Comparison of the effect of mica and talc and chemical coupling on the rheology,morphology, and mechanical properties of polypropylene composites

The effect of filler types of mica and talc on the oscillatory shear rheological properties, mechanical performance, and morphology of the chemically coupled polypropylene composites is studied in this work. The Maleic Anhydride grafted Polypropylene (MAPP) was used as an adhesion promoter for coupling mineral particles with the polypropylene matrix. The samples were prepared by a co‐rotating, L/D = 40, 25 mm twin screw extruder. The tensile tests carried out on the injection molded samples showed a reinforcing effect of talc up to 20 wt% on the Polypropylene (PP). The tensile strength of PP‐mica composites showed a slight decrease at all percentages of mica. The effect of chemical coupling by using MAPP on the tensile strength was more pronounced in increasing the tensile strength for PP‐mica than PP‐talc composites. The complex viscosity curve of pure PP and the composites, showed a Newtonian plateau (η₀) up to 30 wt% at low frequency terminal zone. By increasing the filler content to 40 and 50 wt%, the complex viscosity at very low shear rates sharply increased and showed yield behavior that can be due to the formation of filler particles networks in the melt. At the optimum amount of coupling agent, a minimum in cross over frequency curve against MAPP content is observed. The optimum amount of coupling agent for PP‐talc composites is about 1.5%, and about 3% for PP‐mica formulations. The analysis of viscosity behavior at power‐law high region, revealed the more shear thinning effect of mica than talc on the PP matrix resin. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Optimization of mechanical properties of polypropylene/talc/graphene composites using response surface methodology

This paper investigated the reinforcing effects of a hybrid filler, including talc and exfoliated graphene nanoplatelets (xGnPs), in polypropylene (PP) composites. In order to increase the interphase adhesion, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was added as a compatibilizing agent to the PP/talc/xGnP composites. The experiments were designed according to response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the effects of three variable parameters, namely talc, MAPP and xGnP, on the mechanical properties. In the sample preparation, three levels of filler loading were used for talc (0, 15, 30 wt%), xGnP (0, 0.75, 1.5 wt%) and MAPP (0, 2, 4 wt%). From the analysis of variance (ANOVA), it was found that the talc and xGnP play a significant role in the mechanical properties and morphology of the composites, as proven by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). In order to simultaneously maximize these mechanical properties, the desirable values of the additives were predicted to be 30 wt% for talc, 4 wt% for MAPP and 0.69 wt% for xGnP. The obtained normal probability plots indicated good agreement between the experimental results and those predicted by the RSM models.     

颗粒内受限聚合法制备PP/POE/PS合金

以等规聚丙烯/乙烯-辛烯共聚物(PP/POE)合金颗粒为扩散基体, 苯乙烯(St)为扩散单体, 利用颗粒内受限聚合法制备了PP/POE/PS三元合金. 结果表明, 对于POE质量分数为20%~40%的PP/POE合金颗粒, St均可扩散至直径为4 mm的颗粒中心部位, 在POE非晶相中生成相尺寸为几十至几百纳米的PS球. 在PP/POE合金颗粒的不同部位, 因POE相尺寸及单体的吸附量不同, 生成的PS相尺寸也不同, 在颗粒中心部位生成的PS球最小. 研究了St在PP/POE(质量比80: 20)颗粒中的扩散-聚合行为, 结果表明, St在合金颗粒中的扩散速率和扩散饱和值远大于在纯PP颗粒中的扩散速率和饱和值, 这主要是因为PP/POE合金颗粒中的非晶POE相有利于扩散. 改变单体投料量可以获得具有不同PS含量的PP/POE/PS三元合金. 结晶性能研究结果表明, PS在非晶POE相中的优先分布会使POE相体积增大, 从而使PP的结晶温度和熔融温度降低. 随着PS量的进一步增大, 分布在PP中的PS对PP有结晶成核作用.     

Effect of the interfacial interaction on the phase structure and rheological behavior of polypropylene/ethylene– octene copolymer/BaSO4 ternary composites

In polypropylene (PP)/ethylene–octene copolymer (POE)/BaSO₄ ternary composites, two different kinds of phase structures are assumed:(1) POE and BaSO₄ filler are separately dispersed in the PP matrix and (2) POE‐encapsulated filler particles (core–shell structure) are dispersed in the matrix. This depends on the interfacial interaction of the composites. For the design of composites with different interfacial interactions, three routes for the preparation of BaSO₄ master batches were developed. First, a mixture of BaSO₄, POE, and maleic anhydride (MAH) in a certain ratio was extruded in the presence of dicumyl peroxide and then pelletized. In extrusion, MAH‐functionalized POE was in situ formed to enhance the interfacial interaction between POE and BaSO₄. Second, a mixture of POE and BaSO₄ was directly extruded and then pelletized. Third, after BaSO₄ was treated with an organic titanate coupling agent, the treated BaSO₄ and POE were blended in extrusion and then pelletized. Scanning electron microscopy observations showed that the core–shell structure in which POE encapsulates BaSO₄ particles is formed through route 1, whereas POE and BaSO₄ are separately dispersed into the PP matrix through routes 2 and 3. The rheological behavior of PP/POE/BaSO₄ ternary composites was studied with a controlled stress rheometer. The results showed that the interfacial interaction in composites with core–shell morphology is the strongest. Interparticle interactions give rise to the formation of interparticle networks; the stronger the network is, the larger the shear yield stress is and the smaller the thixotropic loop area is. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 1804–1812, 2002     

Dynamic Mechanical Behavior and Prediction for PP/POE Blends

Polypropylene(PP)/ethylene-octene copolymer(POE) blends were prepared with a twin-screw extruder.Their dynamic mechanical behavior were systematically investigated.The results show that PP/POE blends are heterogeneities with a partial compatible two-phase structure,the glass transition temperature of PP phases in the blends tends to shift towards high temperature with increasing the POE content,and the glass transition temperature of POE phases shifts towards the low temperature with increasing the PP conte...