我国碳排放交易有望明年开始

天津排放权交易所总经理高正琦在中国清洁能源国际峰会发布会上透露,目前该所正在制定国内碳排放权交易规则,明年中国市场有望开展真正的碳排放交易。高正琦说,目前国内没有一桩真正的碳排放交易。中国是世界上最大的碳资源国家和碳排放较大的国家,未来很有可能成为最重要的主体之一。但是,碳交易在中国刚刚起步,中国仅是国际碳交易市场的被动参与者,只少量的加入了清洁发展机制(CDM)项目。在碳交易有可能发展成为全球第一大交易市场的情况下,中国制定自己的自愿碳减排标准至关重要。高正琦介绍,天津交易所正在推介一项“企业自愿减排联合行动”,选择20家企业参与设计二氧化碳减排的规则和目标,并为企业提供碳排放和碳金融知识、技术、管理及交易平台。该项目有望明年正式启动。我国碳排放交易有望明年开始@莉     

丙烷直接氨氧化制丙烯腈催化剂的研究进展

丙烷直接氨氧化制丙烯腈是一条潜在的具有巨大经济效益的丙烯腈生产路线。本文概述了丙烷直接氨氧化制丙烯腈的催化反应机理，对丙烷直接氨氧化制丙烯腈的催化反应路径进行了归纳，同时对丙烷直接氨氧化制丙烯腈催化剂设计的思想以及日前所开发的几类丙烷直接氨氧化制丙烯腈催化剂体系加以了总结，重点介绍了锑酸盐和钼酸盐催化剂，对锑酸盐和钼酸盐催化剂活性相的结构、影响活性相形成的因素以及催化剂的结构与催化反应性能的关系等问题作了阐述。     

脂肪醇氨氧化反应制备脂肪腈研究进展北大核心CSCD

脂肪腈是一类非常重要的化工原料和中间体,被广泛应用于医药、农用化学品、染料和合成树脂等领域.在诸多合成脂肪腈的路线中,脂肪醇氨氧化制备脂肪腈的路线使用可源于生物质资源的脂肪醇为原料,有助于“碳中和”和“碳达峰”目标的实现;同时,该反应副产物为水或氢气,符合“绿色”可持续发展的要求,具有重要的研究价值.根据脂肪醇氨氧化制备脂肪腈的过程中是否需要向体系中提供氧气,氨氧化过程可分为需氧氧化-氨化反应和脱氢氧化-氨化反应两类.需氧氧化-氨化反应在均相催化体系和非均相催化体系中均具有相关研究,而脱氢氧化-氨化反应的研究则主要集中在非均相体系中.按照以上分类,综述了脂肪醇氨氧化制备脂肪腈催化体系的研究进展,分析了不同种类催化体系的优势与尚存在的不足,并展望了该反应催化体系未来发展的方向.     

用于乙烷氨氧化反应的高效Sb2O3/Co-ZSM-5催化剂

低碳烷烃（C1～C4）广泛存在于石油气、天然气、焦炉气及石油裂解气中，因其容易获得且成本低廉，以它们为原料直接转化合成其它化工产品无论在技术上还是在商业方面都有很大的吸引力．低碳烷烃的催化氨氧化是对其有效利用的途径之一．目前对低碳烷烃氨氧化的研究主要集中在丙烷上，对乙烷氨氧化制乙腈的反应研究尚处在探索阶段．与丙烷相比，乙烷的化学活性较低，一般需在较为苛刻的条件下才能反应，且对主产物的选择性较低．     

氨燃烧及反应机理研究进展

现今的一系列环境和能源问题迫使人类急需寻找清洁的燃料以替代传统的化石燃料。氨作为一种富氢的无碳燃料,具有能量密度高、成本低、储运安全等优势,近年来受到了越来越多学者的关注,成为了一个研究热点。本文介绍了氨燃料的物化特性及燃烧特性,分析了氨与各种燃料混合燃烧在燃烧速度、火焰结构、污染物形成等方面的表现以及在发动机的应用情况,详述了氨燃烧机理及动力学模型的研究现状,指出有待进一步研究的问题并展望了氨燃烧研究的发展方向。     

L-苏式二氢鞘氨醇的立体选择性合成

二氢鞘氨醇（ＤＨＳ）是２－氨基－１，３－二羟基的饱和长链氨基醇化合物，是构成鞘脂类（包括鞘磷脂和糖鞘脂）的主链部分．由于鞘脂类在自然界中来源稀少，又很难得到纯品．因此，作为鞘脂类主链部分的二氢鞘氨醇的合成有重要的意义［１］．二氢鞘氨醇有两个手性碳，共...     

大气中氨的采集技术

氨是大气中重要的碱性微量组分。本文系统地综述了大气中氨的采集技术进展,包括其原理、干扰、误差来源、优缺点及应用等,重点介绍了滤膜法、扩散管法与各种氨自动分析仪。     

针对氨分解反应的稀土基催化剂研究进展

氢能源作为重要的绿色能源，其制备与应用引起了研究者的极大关注。氨分解在线制氢能够有效解决氢能源储存运输的难题，可以制备得到无碳氧化物杂质的高纯度H₂，但氨分解反应的活化能较高、反应条件苛刻，因此开发高效氨分解催化剂对氢能源产业发展具有重要意义。稀土氧化物具有较强的表面碱性和良好的热稳定性，其特殊的4f轨道电子结构使其具有储存和释放电子的潜力，易于与活性金属形成结构稳定的界面位点以及增加活性金属的电子密度。因此将稀土材料作为组成部分应用到构建高效稳定的氨分解反应催化剂中具有广阔的研究前景。本文总结了稀土基催化剂催化氨分解反应的进展，对其可以高效促进氨分解反应的内在原因进行了分析，并且对稀土基氨分解催化剂的构效关系揭示和可能的性能优化途径进行了展望。     

二苄基锡双氨荒酸酯的合成

由二苄基二氯化锡与氨荒酸盐反应，合成了１０个新的二苄基锡双氨荒酯化合物，利用元素分析，ＩＲ和＾１ＮＮＭＲ表征了这些化合物的结构。     

钛硅分子筛TS-1催化环己酮氨氧化制环己酮肟

对钛硅分子筛ＴＳ１催化环己酮氨氧化制环己酮肟的研究结果表明，提高催化剂的投料量、提高分子筛的钛硅比和降低Ｈ２Ｏ２的空速，有利于提高氨氧化反应的转化率和选择性．降低氨／酮比不利于氨氧化反应，适宜的氨／酮摩尔比应该在２０以上．适宜的氨氧化反应温度是８０℃左右，过低和过高的温度都不利于氨氧化反应．进料方式会严重影响ＴＳ１催化氨氧化反应：Ｈ２Ｏ２的连续进料和氨的间歇进料方式可获得最佳的结果．在优化的反应条件下，环己酮的转化率可达１００％，环己酮肟的选择性为９７％．给出了可能的ＴＳ１催化氨氧化反应机理，认为氨氧化反应是经历了氨催化氧化为羟胺的过程，肟是羟胺与环己酮通过非催化方式直接反应的结果．     

“双碳”背景下能源关键元素暴露的神经效应研究进展

为了实现“双碳”目标，能源关键元素(Energy-critical elements, ECEs)在全球范围内的应用将显著增加，增加了人群暴露风险，但是其健康效应尚未明确。ECEs主要为金属元素，如锂、钴及稀土元素。为了解金属ECEs的潜在健康效应，重点关注其神经危害或风险，为其在可持续发展过程中可能产生的健康问题提出干预策略。回顾了与金属ECEs相关的毒理学、职业安全和健康问题以及流行病学调查的文献报道，主要在分子和细胞水平、实验动物和人群流行病学研究等方面对上述金属ECEs神经效应的综述。目前，金属ECEs健康效应的研究面临一些挑战：现有的人群研究数量有限，亟需更多的研究为建立有关健康、环境影响和安全的监测系统提供科学依据，为绿色能源行业建立一个可持续、安全和健康的职业环境，助力实现“双碳”目标。     

CO2 laser photoacoustic detection of ammonia emitted by ceramic industries

A homemade photoacoustic spectrometer has been constructed for monitoring gas emission from several sources. Numerous air pollutant gases are emitted exhaust of industries, vehicles and power plants. The photoacoustic technique is extremely sensitive and selective in detecting various gases. This work focuses on the gas emitted by the ceramic industry in northern Rio de Janeiro State in Brazil, the ceramic industry plays a remarkable role in the economy activity of this region, in recent years, this region developed into a significant red ceramic complex. The potential impact on the atmospheric environment of the region due to gaseous pollutant emissions from these anthropogenic sources needs to be evaluated. In this work we identified NH3 present in the samples collected in the kiln of a ceramic plant, in the concentration range of 33-52 ppmV. The ammonia gas present in our collected samples might come from the excess nitrogen in the manure soil from where the ceramic material was extracted. This soil was used for the sugarcane culture which is another important economic activity of this region.     

Recent trends and developments in dissolving pulp production and application

This work provides a critical overview of the recent trends toward the development of modern, dissolving pulp production technologies that respond to the current challenges and opportunities for the emerging low-carbon bioresource economy. Special attention is paid to recent advancements in prehydrolysis kraft pulping and conversion of paper grade pulp to dissolving pulp, with emphasis on the valorization of hemicellulose to value-added products. A comprehensive analysis of the current and future developmental opportunities for novel bioprocessing technologies and new products from dissolving pulp that aim to improve the process economics and enhance the industry competitiveness is presented and discussed.     

Recent advances in wireless photofixation of dinitrogen to ammonia under the ambient condition: A review

Ammonia is the most necessitate and second largely produces chemical reagent worldwide to address the need of the fertilizer industry, as a precursor for many value-added chemicals and a competing source (17.6 wt% H₂) for the blooming hydrogen economy. Although N₂ constitutes 78.09 % of the earth's atmosphere, however, its conversion to ammonia is strenuous because of its non-polar and triple bond character. To address the burgeoning demand, ammonia is typically synthesized via the conventional energy and capital intensive Haber-Bosch technique utilizing natural gas and releasing tons of (CO₂) to the environment. On this basis, cost-effective photon-driven dinitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is aroused thriving attention as a sustainable and eco-friendly process for ammonia production under ambient conditions. Yet, the photocatalytic ammonia production is not up to the mark for industrial application due to low conversion rate, less catalytic selectivity, ambiguous mechanism, and limited faradic or solar-to-chemical efficiency. Further, the NRR activity of a catalyst essentially depends upon its electronic and surface texture; hence the fabrication of advanced materials is of paramount interest to enhance the performance. The present review covers the underlying mechanism of N₂ photoreduction, prevailing theories, different catalytic engineering techniques, various detection methods, and critical challenges encountered in the theme of photofixation of dinitrogen to ammonia. Additionally, the overarching goal of this review is to bestow an outline of recent research articles in earmarking high-caliber photocatalytic systems and hence planting a strong foundation to ensure the succeeding improvement in this promising and hastily stretching field of dinitrogen photofixation research.     

Catalytic Synthesis of Ammonia—A “Never‐Ending Story”?

Nitrogen atoms are essential for the function of biological molecules and thus are and important component of fertilizers and medicaments. Bonds to nitrogen also find nonbiological uses in dyes, explosives, and resins. The synthesis of all these materials requires ammonia as an activated nitrogen building block. This situation is true for natural processes and the chemical industry. Knowledge of the various techniques for the preparation of ammonia is thus of fundamental importance for chemistry. The Haber-Bosch synthesis was the first heterogeneous catalytic system employed in the chemical industry and is still in use today. Understanding the mechanism and the translation of the knowledge into technical perfection has become a fundamental criterion for scientific development in catalysis research.     

Asymmetric C1 Extension of Aldehydes through Biocatalytic Cascades for Stereodivergent Synthesis of Mandelic Acids

The development of mild, efficient, and enantioselective methods for preparing chiral building blocks from simple, renewable carbon units has been a long-term goal of the sustainable chemical industry. Mandelate derivatives are valuable pharmaceutical intermediates and chiral resolving agents, but their manufacture relies heavily on highly toxic cyanide. Herein, we report (S)-4-hydroxymandelate synthase (HmaS)-centered biocatalytic cascades for the synthesis of mandelates from benzaldehydes and glycine. We show that HmaS can be engineered to perform R-selective hydroxylation by single-point mutation, empowering the stereodivergent synthesis of both (S)- and (R)-mandelate derivatives. These biocatalytic cascades enabled the production of various mandelate derivatives with high atom economy as well as excellent yields (up to 98 %) and ee values (up to >99 %). This methodology offers an effective cyanide-free technology for greener and sustainable production of mandelate derivatives.     

低碳烷烃与二氧化碳催化转化研究进展

页岩气革命为低碳经济发展提供了重要契机.在低碳烷烃(甲烷和乙烷)催化转化过程中,以二氧化碳作为氧化剂参与反应,通过C–H键的选择性活化可将页岩气转化为优质化工原料——合成气和乙烯,是一种低碳烷烃转化与二氧化碳资源化利用的工艺路线.本文总结了近年来甲烷干重整与乙烷和二氧化碳反应中与C–H键活化相关的研究进展,分析了甲烷干重整中镍基催化剂积碳及乙烷和二氧化碳反应中产物选择性的主要影响因素,并对该研究未来的发展方向进行了展望.     

Ni-Zr-Ce／Al2O3催化剂上H2O2作氧化剂直接使苯氧化胺化一步合成苯胺研究

设计制备了Ni-Zr-Ce/Al_2O_3催化剂,研究了其上用H_2O_2直接将苯氧化胺化 合成苯胺的活性。发现在常压、50 ℃的温和条件下,该催化剂对苯、氨水与 H_2O_2直接氧化胺化生成苯胺有较好活性,并且其对苯胺的选择性远远大于对苯酚 的选择性。提高反应原料中氨水对苯的比例,能提高苯胺的收率,且不会增加苯酚 的生成量。本方法能耗低,原子利用率高,为苯胺的绿色合成提供了一条新的路径 。     

The potential of proton exchange membrane–based electrolysis technology

Hydrogen is an important chemical feedstock for many industrial applications, and today, more than 95% of this feedstock is generated from fossil fuel sources such as reforming of natural gas. In addition, the production of hydrogen from fossil fuels represents most carbon dioxide emissions from large chemical processes such as ammonia generation. Renewable sources of hydrogen such as hydrogen from water electrolysis need to be driven to similar production costs as methane reforming to address global greenhouse gas emission concerns. Water electrolysis has begun to show scalability to relevant capacities to address this need, but materials and manufacturing advancements need to be made to meet the cost targets. This article describes specific needs for one pathway based on proton exchange membrane electrolysis technology.     

绿色化学关键技术在精细化工中的应用

绿色化学理念及技术的创新发展,能够更好与精细化工的各环节结合,提升效率、降低消耗、节约成本、增强竞争力,符合我国低碳发展方向,满足行业的可持续发展需求。本文主要介绍近年来绿色化学技术在精细化工领域的发展现状和应用前景,探讨了生物催化/发酵技术、非贵金属或无金属催化技术、微通道反应技术、新能源驱动的化学反应技术、新型高效分离技术、生产过程的人工智能和自动化等绿色化学关键技术在精细化工研制中的应用实例,为推动绿色化学技术的综合利用和可持续发展提供参考和借鉴。