在线气体分析的电晕放电大气压电离质谱

研制了适合在线气体分析的电晕放电大气压电离源(corona discharge atmospheric pressure ionization source)及其与商品质谱仪(LTQ-MS)的接口,对其试剂离子的产生机理进行了研究,以H2O. (H2O)为试剂离子,对乙醇气体进行检测,并分析了该离子的产生机制。实验结果表明:在潮湿氮气中电晕放电产生的主要试剂离子是m/z36、37和55;而在含丙酮的潮湿氮气中则产生m/z59和76等离子。利用静态顶空-电晕放电大气压电离质谱对不同浓度的乙醇水溶液进行分析,结果表明:以m/z64为检测对象,乙醇气体浓度的最低检出限可达2.4×10-7g/L;而以m/z47为检测对象,检出限为5.9×10-6g/L。同时还利用动态顶空-电晕放电大气压电离质谱对栀子花香气成分进行了检测,为生物挥发性物质的在线检测提供了一种新方法。     

新型过氧化爆炸物检测技术研究取得新进展

正不久前,中国科学院大连化学物理研究所快速分离与检测研究组李海洋研究团队在新型过氧化爆炸物检测方面取得新进展,他们采用试剂分子辅助光电离正离子迁移谱,结合时间分辨热解析进样技术,实现了TATP和HMTD在复杂基质中的二维分离检测,检测时间低于10 s,灵敏度达到纳克量级,该成果已在线发表于美国化学会期刊Analytical Chemistry。TATP和HMTD由于其原料易得、合成简单、容易引爆、     

中性解吸电喷雾萃取电离质谱法直接检测蜂蜜中的敌敌畏

采用中性解吸电喷雾萃取电离质谱( ND-EESI-MS)技术,在无需样品预处理的条件下,建立了对蜂蜜中敌敌畏直接快速检测的方法。在正离子模式下,敌敌畏质子化离子峰位于 m/z 223,二级特征离子为m/z 109和127。在优化的条件下,以m/z 127的信号强度为定量指标,建立了蜂蜜中敌敌畏残留的定量检测方法。结果表明,在蜂蜜基质中,敌敌畏在5~1000 ng/mL浓度范围内与m/z 127的信号强度线性关系良好,相关系数为0.998,检出限为1.0 ng/mL(S/N=3);蜂蜜中3个加标水平(10,30和400 ng/mL)的敌敌畏的回收率为93.0％~103.0％,精密度(RSDs)小于4.4％。同时采用气相色谱(火焰光度检测器)方法作为对照方法,检测敌敌畏加标蜂蜜样品,结果表明,加标蜂蜜在5~1000 ng/mL浓度范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999,检出限为1.6 ng/mL;10,30和400 ng/mL 3个水平加标蜂蜜的回收率为94.9％~110.3％,精密度小于7.6％。     

电喷雾电离-串联质谱法测定纺织皮革产品中4,4-二氨基二苯醚

在不需要色谱分离的前提下,应用电喷雾电离-串联质谱法(ESI-MS/MS)对纺织品中偶氮染料还原产物4,4′-二氨基二苯醚进行测定。在MS/MS中,选择电喷雾离子源,以正离子扫描,选择离子监测模式和二级选择反应监测模式对4,4′-二氨基二苯醚进行定性和定量检测。以[M+H](m/z201)为母离子,选择其二级离子中碎片离子[M+H-NH3](m/z184)和[M+H-C6H7N](m/z108)为子离子。方法的检出限(19S/N)为70 ng.L-1。以1 ng.L-14,4′-二氨基二苯醚溶液进样2μL,平行测定9次,峰面积测定值的相对标准偏差为1.7%。     

电喷雾萃取电离质谱法直接检测环境水样中的邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯

采用电喷雾萃取电离质谱技术(Extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry,EESI-MS)分析水样中的有机污染物邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(Di-2-ethylhexy phthalate,DEHP),系统考察了电喷雾电压、离子传输管温度、样品溶液流速及萃取剂组成对待测物信号强度的影响,优化了检测DEHP的实验条件,建立了水样中DEHP的快速质谱分析方法,并对垃圾渗滤液、城市生活污水及湖水等实际水样进行检测。结果表明,在正离子检测模式下,水样中的DEHP能够在EESI源中有效电离,生成准分子离子[M+H]~+(m/z 391.28),进行碰撞诱导解离得到二级特征碎片离子m/z 279.26,167.12,149.11。在5~1000μg/L范围内,DEHP浓度与m/z 149.11质谱峰信号强度的线性关系良好,相关系数R~2=0.9991,检出限LOD=0.21μg/L(S/N=3);水样的3个加标水平(8,80和400μg/L)的DEHP回收率为96.2%~111.2%,RSD为5.6%~11.8%。EESI-MS法检测垃圾渗滤液、城市生活污水和晏湖水中DEHP的含量分别为556.5、275.3和37.8μg/L。本方法具有无需样品预处理、分析速度快(单个样品分析时间约3 min)、操作简便、灵敏度高等优点,为邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的检测提供了一种快速质谱分析新方法。     

芯片级高场非对称离子迁移谱技术快速识别不同种类的香水

采用高场非对称波形离子迁移谱技术,建立了快速识别香水种类的检测方法。在大气压条件下,以63Ni作为电离源,纯净空气作为载气,同时在正、负离子模式下进行检测。对检测条件进行优化,进样温度设为20℃,进样气和载气流量分别为0.1 L/min和1.4 L/min。在优化的条件下可以同时进行六种香水的快速分类和识别,重复性的相对标准偏差RSD≤6%。方法适用于香水等易挥发样品种类的快速识别。     

单向气流负电晕放电离子迁移谱的研究及其在爆炸物检测中的应用

基于离子迁移谱的爆炸物探测仪多采用放射性电离源,发展非放射性电离源一直是该技术的研究热点。本研究基于电晕放电原理设计了一种新型负电晕放电电离源结构,结合自行研制的离子迁移谱仪,应用于痕量爆炸物的快速、高灵敏检测。单向气流模式下,对此电离源的气流、放电电压等运行参数进行了系统优化,得到最佳实验条件为：电晕放电电离源结构的电极环孔直径为3 mm,针-环距离为2 mm,放电电压为2400 V,漂气流速为1200 mL/min。在此条件下,避免了放电副产物氮氧化物和臭氧等引发的一系列复杂反应,得到了单一的反应试剂离子O-2(H2O)n。将其应用于爆炸物,如2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)、硝酸铵(AN)、硝化甘油( NG)、太安( PETN)、黑索金( RDX)等的高灵敏快速直接检测,对TNT的检测限达到200 pg/μL。结果表明,此负电晕放电电离源具有灵敏度高、结构简单、无辐射性、反应试剂离子单一等优点,在爆炸物快速高灵敏检测、公共安全保障等方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

离子迁移谱快速筛查白酒中痕量邻苯二甲酸酯的研究

建立了离子迁移谱技术快速检测白酒中痕量邻苯二甲酸酯的方法。对迁移管温度、进样口温度进行了参数优化后,选取5种典型的邻苯二甲酸酯进行了系统研究。在迁移管和进样口温度分别为90℃和160℃的条件下,邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯的检出限分别为0.14,0.06,0.14,0.44和0.02 mg/L;9次平行测量的相对标准偏差RSD<8.9%,单个样品的分析周期小于95 s。将本方法应用于5种白酒盲样的检测,成功筛查出邻苯二甲酸酯类物质。利用离子阱质谱对5种邻苯二甲酸酯标样产物离子和白酒盲样的产物离子进行了确认,结果表明,离子迁移谱的谱峰是邻苯二甲酸酯离子。这说明丙酮作为掺杂剂,可以避免白酒中背景化合物的干扰。本方法适于大量白酒样品中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的快速筛查。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定乳制品中光引发剂异丙基硫杂蒽酮的残留量

建立了采用气相色谱（GC）-质谱(MS)检测由包装材料迁移到乳制品中的光引发剂异丙基硫杂蒽酮残留量的方法。使用氘代蒽为内标,样品经Carrez试剂除蛋白质后用丙酮-正己烷(体积比为1∶1)提取,上层提取液用氟罗里硅土固相萃取小柱净化。采用单四极杆质谱进行样品筛选和定量,选取的监测离子为m/z 184,m/z 224,m/z 239,m/z 254(异丙基硫杂蒽酮)和m/z 80,m/z 94,m/z 188,m/z 160(氘代蒽)。疑似样品采用离子阱串联质谱法进行确证,选取的母离子和子离子分别为m/z 254,m/z 239(异丙基硫杂蒽酮)和m/z 188,m/z 160(氘代蒽)。本方法的测定低限(LOQ)分别为7.0 μg/L(GC-MS)和5.0 μg/L(GC-MS/MS),回收率为74.9%~89.6%。采用该方法对11种不同类型的乳制品进行了检测,发现了两例阳性样品。     

同位素编码衍生-高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定果蔬样品中的羧酸类植物生长调节剂

以d0/d3-10-甲基吖啶酮-2-磺酰哌嗪( d0/d3-MASPz)为同位素编码衍生试剂,建立了高效液相色谱串联质谱( HPLC-MS/MS)快速测定果蔬中6种羧酸类植物生长调节剂的分析方法。分别以d0-MASPz(轻型)和d3-MASPz(重型)为衍生样品和对照品,混合后进行HPLC-MS/MS分析。轻型和重型衍生物分别以[ M+H]+m/z 208.2和[M+H]+ m/z 211.2作为多级反应监测离子对,以重型衍生物作为相应轻型衍生物的内标物,建立定量分析方法。结果表明,在6.5 min内可实现6种分析物的完全分离,轻/重衍生物保留时间差异小于0.026 min,6种分析物的轻/重信号强度比在10倍动态范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r>0.9991,检测限和定量限分别为0.19~0.34μmol/L和0.53~0.96μmol/L,相对标准偏差小于3.8%,标准加入的回收率为95.3%~105.5%之间。     

Direct determination of ultra-trace amounts of acetone by corona-discharge ion mobility spectrometry

The capability of corona-discharge ion mobility spectrometry (CD-IMS) in the quantitative determination of acetone has been evaluated. Generally, in IMS the signal intensity of a product ion is not a linear function of the sample concentration. A linear calibration curve was, however, obtained by plotting ln(R0+/R0+-P+) against acetone concentration, where, R0+ is the original reactant ion density and P+ is the sum of all the product ion densities. The acetone detection limit was 60 ng m(-3) and its dynamic range was three orders of magnitude.     

Ion characterisation by comparison of ion mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry data

The major uncertainty related to ion mobility spectrometry is the lack of knowledge about the characteristics of the ions detected. When using a radioactive atmospheric pressure ionisation source (e.g. ⁶³Ni), from theory proton bound water clusters are expected as reactant ions. When analyte ions occur, proton transfer should lead to proton-bound monomer and dimer ions. To increase the knowledge about those ionisation processes in an ion mobility spectrometer (IMS), a ß-radiation ionisation source was coupled to a mass spectrometer (MS) and an identical one to an IMS. Exemplarily, acetone, limonene and 2- and 5-nonanone were introduced into both instruments in varying concentrations. By correlating the MS and IMS spectra, conclusions about the identities of the ions detected by IMS could be drawn. Proton-bound monomer, dimer and even trimer ions (MH⁺, 2MH⁺, 3MH⁺) could be observed in the MS spectra for acetone and 5-nonanone and could be assigned to the related signals detected by IMS. The oligomers could be expected from theory for increasing concentration. Limonene and 2-nonanone yielded in a variety of different ions and fragments indicating complex gas phase ion chemistry. Those findings on the obviously different behaviour of different analytes require further research focussed on the ion chemistry in IMS including the comparison of different ionisation sources.     

Corona Discharge Ion Mobility Spectrometry of Ten Alcohols

Ion mobility spectra for ten alcohols have been studied in an ion mobility spectrometry apparatus equipped with a corona discharge ionization source. Using protonated water cluster ions as the reactant ions and clean air as the drift gas, the alcohols exhibit different product ion characteristic peaks in their ion mobility spectra. The detection limit for these alcohols is at low concentration pmol/L level according to the concentration calibration by exponential dilution method. Based on the measured ion mobilities, several chemical physics parameters of the ion-molecular interaction at atmosphere were obtained, including the ionic collision cross sections, diffusion coefficients, collision rate constants, and the ionic radii under the hard-sphere model approximation.     

Corona Discharge Ionization Source for a Planar High-Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometer

A corona discharge (CD) ionization source was prepared for a planar high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometer (FAIMS). The effects of discharge current and discharge distance on ionization efficiency were investigated; and the electric field dependence of the ion injection in the reaction region was studied. The results showed that the discharge current of CD source had good linearity with the intensity of reactant ion peak (RIP), and the RIP intensity increased to a stable level at the discharge distance of >5 mm. An injection electrode was introduced to improve the ionization efficiency. A square-wave voltage applied to the electrode was found to provide optimal performance of ion injection and utilization. The operating parameters of the CD-FAIMS were optimized to achieve trace level detection of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) sample. The detection limit for DMMP was 0.5 µg/m^3.     

Separation of Ions from Volatile Organic Compounds Using High-Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometer

A combination of high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) with mass spectrometer (MS) was analyzed. FAIMS separates ions from the volatile organic compounds in the gas-phase as an ion-filter for MS. The sample ions were created at ambient pressure by ion source, which was equipped with a 10.6 eV UV discharge lamp (λ=116.5 nm).The drift tube of FAIMS is composed of two parallel planar electrodes and the dimension is 10 mm×8 mm×0.5 mm. FAIMS was investigated when driven by the high-filed rectangular asymmetric waveform with the peak-to-peak voltage of 1.36 kV at the frequency of 1 MHz and the duty cycle of 30%. The acetone, the butanone, and their mixture were adopted to characterize the FAIMS-MS. The mass spectra obtained from MS illustrate that there are ion-molecular reactions between the ions and the sample neutral molecular. And the proton transfer behavior in the mixture of the acetone and the butanone is also observed.With the compensation voltage tuned from -30 V to 10 V with a step size of 0.1 V, the ion pre-separation before MS is realized.     

Increased Ion Transmission for Differential Ion Mobility Combined with Mass Spectrometry by Implementation of a Flared Inlet Capillary

Differential ion mobility spectrometry (DIMS) is capable of separating components of complex mixtures prior to mass spectrometric analysis, thereby increasing signal-to-noise and signal-to-background ratios on millisecond timescales. However, adding a DIMS device to the front end of a mass spectrometer can reduce the signal intensity of subsequent mass spectrometric analysis. This is a result, in part, of ions lost due to inefficient transfer of ions from the DIMS device through the aperture leading into the mass spectrometer. This problem of transferring ions can be at least partially corrected by modifying the front end of the inlet capillary leading to the vacuum of the mass spectrometer. The inner diameter of the ion-sampling end of the inlet capillary was enlarged by drilling into the face. This results in a conical flare at the front end of the capillary, while the other end of the capillary remains unmodified. These flared capillaries allow for a greater number of ions from the DIMS device to be sampled relative to the unmodified standard capillary. Four flare dimensions were tested, differing by the angle between the wall of the flare and the outer wall of the inlet capillary. All flared capillaries showed greater signal intensity than the standard capillary with a DIMS device present without reducing the resolving power. It was also observed that the signal intensity increased as the flare angle decreased. The flared capillary with the smallest flare angle showed greater than a fivefold increase in signal intensity compared with the standard capillary.

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Monte Carlo Simulation of Ion Trajectories of Reacting Chemical Systems: Mobility of Small Water Clusters in Ion Mobility Spectrometry

For the comprehensive simulation of ion trajectories including reactive collisions at elevated pressure conditions, a chemical reaction simulation (RS) extension to the popular SIMION software package was developed, which is based on the Monte Carlo statistical approach. The RS extension is of particular interest to SIMION users who wish to simulate ion trajectories in collision dominated environments such as atmospheric pressure ion sources, ion guides (e.g., funnels, transfer multi poles), chemical reaction chambers (e.g., proton transfer tubes), and/or ion mobility analyzers. It is well known that ion molecule reaction rate constants frequently reach or exceed the collision limit obtained from kinetic gas theory. Thus with a typical dwell time of ions within the above mentioned devices in the ms range, chemical transformation reactions are likely to occur. In other words, individual ions change critical parameters such as mass, mobility, and chemical reactivity en passage to the analyzer, which naturally strongly affects their trajectories. The RS method simulates elementary reaction events of individual ions reflecting the behavior of a large ensemble by a representative set of simulated reacting particles. The simulation of the proton bound water cluster reactant ion peak (RIP) in ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) was chosen as a benchmark problem. For this purpose, the RIP was experimentally determined as a function of the background water concentration present in the IMS drift tube. It is shown that simulation and experimental data are in very good agreement, demonstrating the validity of the method.      

漂移管工作温度对离子迁移率谱的影响

离子迁移率、反应物离子的种类和产量与漂移管工作温度有很大的关系。本研究在不同温度下进行了离子迁移率实验,结果表明,离子迁移率随温度的升高而增大,而提高工作温度可以减少水分子对产物离子的影响,有利于改善系统检测的分辨率;选择合适漂移管工作温度,能有效地增加反应物离子的产量,从而提高系统检测的灵敏度和选择性。