天花粉蛋白化学 Ⅳ.天花粉蛋白的基本一级结构

前文报道从我国民间用于引产的中草药天花粉中提取到活性组分结晶天花粉蛋白和它的物理化学性质,N-端氨基酸顺序的测定及其溴化氰降解碎片CBa的顺序分析. 天花粉蛋白是一个由224个氨基酸残基组成的单一肽链的简单蛋白质,其N-末端残基为Asp,C-端顺序经羧肽酶A测定,并结合其水解动力学的计算机拟合为     

天花粉蛋白一级结构的修正及不同产地天花粉蛋白的研究

胰蛋白酶酶解天花粉蛋白, 用高效液相色谱分离酶解肽段, 用顺序仪测定其有关肽段的顺序。用羧肽酶A, B, Y测定了天花粉蛋白C-端和天花粉蛋白溴化氰降解肽CB1的C-端顺序, 修正了我们1985年测定的天花粉蛋白一级结构, 证明天花粉蛋白由246(7)氨基酸残基所组成, 除C-端微观不均一外, 与Collins结果一致。同时比较了芜湖产天花粉蛋白一级结构与平湖产的天花粉蛋白一级结构, 没有发现两者的一级结构有差别。     

天花粉蛋白的化学——Ⅴ.粉末状结晶天花粉蛋白的拉曼光谱

本文报道粉末状结晶天花粉蛋白的拉曼光谱。酰胺Ⅰ和酰胺Ⅲ的振动谱带在1680和1250 cm~(-1)。骨架C_α—C—N的振动谱带在965 cm~(-1)。苯丙氨酸残基的特征谱带在1010和1620 cm~(-1)。酪氨酸残基的特征谱带在845和862 cm~(-1)。色氨酸残基的特征谱带在765 cm~(-1)。酰胺Ⅰ和Ⅲ的谱带中,B折叠和无序结构的特征较为明显。表征无序结构的965 cm~(-1)谱带很弱。     

天花粉蛋白低分辨率晶体结构的测定

本文测出:天花粉蛋白分子量为24000,有219个氨基酸残基。晶体属单斜晶系,空间群为C2,晶胞参数a=75.64埃,b=75.52埃,c=88.85埃,β=99.51°,每个不对称单元内含2个分子。 用UO_2Ac_2和K_2Pt(NO_2)_4浸泡获得两个重原子衍生物,按照多对同晶置换加反常散射的联合概率法求得母体相角,计算了5埃和4埃分辨率电子密度图,从图上分辨出两个独立分子的界面,分子大小约为45×40×35埃~3,每个分子中有4段棒状的电子密度更为清晰,可辨认为α-螺旋结构。     

天花粉蛋白研讨会在京召开

中国科学院化学学部和生物学学部主持召开的“天花粉蛋白研究讨论会”于1986年4月22日至25日在北京召开。出席会议的有化学、分子生物学、医学和药物学等方面专家和科技工作者80多人。中国科学院学部委员、著名化学家汪猷教授致开幕词,中国科学     

天花粉蛋白分子的三维结构

本文报道了我们最近建立的单斜晶胞内一个不对称单元中两个天花粉蛋白分子的模型,指出蛋白分子结构可以划分为大小两个结构域以及二级结构的一些特点,描述了独立单元中以一种非对称方式相关联的两个蛋白分子的差异及其相互作用,并解释了重原子衍生物的结合位置。     

天花粉蛋白分子的肽链走向

本文证明从4分辨率的电子密度图上确定了一条合理的肽走向。天花粉蛋白属于α β型结构。整个分子包含八段α-螺旋,约占残基总数37％;13条β链组成4个β折叠层,占残基总数32％。α-螺旋相对地处于分子的中心,而4个β折叠层分布在外围。这是天花粉蛋白结构的显著特点,这种结构排布方式尚未见文献报道。用坐标叠合方法获得了不对称单位内两分子叠合时的旋转矩阵和平移向量,叠合后的均方根误差是1.31。     

天花粉蛋白的C端测定

天花粉蛋白(trichosanthin)是从葫芦科植物(Culurbitaceae)括楼(trichosantheskerilowii Maxim)的块根中提取的一种植物性蛋白质。该蛋白质有中期妊娠引产、抗早孕和治疗其它有关妇产科疾病的效力。根据已经测定的结果,该蛋白质系由19种约219个氨基酸组成,估计其分子量为24000。本项研究的主要目的是测定天花粉蛋白的C端和C端的部分氨基酸顺序。     

天花粉蛋白的化学VI.用液光拉曼光谱研究天花粉蛋白的二级结构

由天花粉蛋白的水和重水溶液的激光拉曼光谱,测得酰胺III谱带1240cm[-1]和酰胺I谱带1632,1660cm[-1]对CH2弯曲模式1448cm[-1]的强度比值,按Lippert等建立的方程组作定量计算,求得天花粉蛋白的二级结构含量为α-螺旋43.5%,β-折叠31.3%和无序25.2%,它们与4A分辨率天花粉蛋白单晶X射线衍射法的结果相一致,同时,研究了上述溶液的冻干粉状固体的二级结构,经过冻干,使其中约10%的β-折叠转变成无序构象,而α-螺旋含量无明显变化,在水溶液中,由测得的I850/I830比值计算,天花粉蛋白中的酪氨酸残基约有805呈"暴露式"。     

Chemistry of trichosanthin: VII. The chemical cleavage of the tryptophanyl peptide bond in trichosanthin

The single tryptophan residue of trichosanthin was cleaved by the use of BNPS-skatole reaction with STIG2 peptide fregment which was obtained from the tryptic digestion of N-succinyl trichosanthin. After separation, the N-terminal sequence of tryptophanyl C-side peptide was determined by use of manual DABITC-PITC double coupling sequencing method as follows: -Leu-Ala-Leu-Ser-Lys-Gln-Ile-Gln-Ile-Ala-.     

C-Terminal sequencing of trichosanthin

Preliminary identification of C-terminus of trichosanthin by chemical and enzymic methods, such as hydrazinolysis, thiohydantoin reaction and carboxypeptidase hydrolysis, showed that there may be the possible presence of more than one terminus, i.e., Met and Ala but complicated by side reactions. A computer-assisted carboxypeptidase method was first introduced by the authors to determine the C-terminal sequence of trichosanthin, and showed that trichosanthin is heterogeneous at its C-terminus and has two C-terminal sequences determined as -Arg-Asn-Asn-Met-OH and -Arg-Asn-Asn-Met-Ala-OH respectively. These results have been later unambiguously confirmed by the results from other experiments through the identification of the free alanine always present in the CNBr degradation products of trichosanthin, and the actual separation of two fragments from the finger prints as well as from the HPLC fractions of the trypsin digest of this protein. All shows that their amino acid sequences, determined by manual DABITC/PITC technique, agree well with those of the two C-terminal sequences determined by the computer-carboxy peptidase method.     

天花粉蛋白C-端顺序的测定

采用肼解法、乙内酰硫脲法和羧肽酶法检测了天花粉蛋白的C-端氨基酸有二,分别为Met和Ala借计算机辅助的羧肽酶法, 测定了天花粉蛋白C-端顺序, 其结果显示C-端是非均一的, 有两个未端, 分别为-ArgAsnAsnMetOH和-ArgAsnAsnMetAlaOH.这些结论已经从天花粉蛋白的溴化氰降解物中获得游离的Ala, 和从该蛋白的胰蛋白酶酶解物中分离得与该两顺序相符的两个碎片而完全证实.     

Chemical synthesis of a structural gene coding for trichosanthin

A structural gene (750 bp), which codes for a type I ribosome inactivating protein, trichosanthin, has been designed according to the codon usage of highly expressed gene in E. coli and chemically synthesized. In the synthesized gene, twenty-seven unique restriction sites were evenly dispersed with an average distance between two adjacent sites less than 50 bp to facilitate a systematic investigation on structure-functional relationship of this protein by site-directed muta-genesis. To synthesize it, the whole gene was divided into three large fragments (EP, PN and NH) which were assembled from several chemical synthetic oligonucleotides by enzymatic method. The assembly of both the fragment EP from six oligonucleotides (A-F) and the fragment PN from four oligomers (G-J) was catalyzed by T4 DNA ligase in using the single stranded DNA method [Chen, H.-B. et al, Nucl. Acids Res., 18, 871(1990)]. And fragment NH was formed from three duplexes K, L and M by the classical double stranded DNA method. Finally,     

Capillary electrophoretic determination of apoptosis of HeLa cells induced by trichosanthin

Apoptosis is a distinct mode of cell death that is responsible for deletion of cells in normal tissues; it also occurs in specific pathologic contexts. The observation of apoptosis is very important in the research of cancer and cancer therapy. The traditional observation method of apoptosis was agarose gel electrophoresis, which is depending on the determination of ladder-liking DNA fragments extracted from apoptotic cells. It is time-consuming and low-sensitive. Recently, the sieving capillary electrophoresis has been used to detect apoptosis too. However, the problem of DNA fragments contamination is still existing. Here, we have developed a capillary electrophoresis method that could detect apoptosis of whole cell directly and do not need to extract DNA fragments from cells. Apoptosis of adherent cell HeLa cell of carcinoma induced by cyclophosphamide was used as the model to establish the method. The effluence of medicine concentration on apoptosis of cells was studied in detail. It was also found that the method could detect the change of cells in the early period of apoptosis. The induction of apoptosis of HeLa cell by trichosanthin was determined with the method, and the result of flow cytometry was also proved that trichosanthin could result in apoptosis of HeLa cells.     

Capillary electrophoresis and circular dichroism study of trichosanthin and its mutants

A new chromogenic reagent, 2-(2-quinolylazo)-5-diethylaminoaniline (QADEAA) was synthesized. A highly sensitive, selective and rapid method for the determination of silver based on the rapid reaction of silver (I) with QADEAA has been developed. In the presence of sodium citrate-sodium hydroxide buffer solution (pH 6.5) and sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) medium, QADEAA reacts with silver to form a violet complex of molar ratio 1:2 (silver to QADEAA). The molar absorptivity of the complex is 1.39x10(5) l mol(-1) cm(-1) at 580 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the range of 0.01-0.6 mug ml(-1). The relative standard deviation for 11 replicate samples of 0.2 mug ml(-1) is 1.67%. This method can be applied to the determination of silver in water with satisfactory results.