混合方式对增容尼龙-6/聚苯醚体系的影响

研究了三种混合方式对于Nylon 6 PPO TPEg共混体系的影响 .混合是在双螺杆挤出机上进行的 .即(A)尼龙 6、聚苯醚和TPEg的混合物直接进行熔融挤出 ;(B)尼龙 6与TPEg的混合物预挤出 ,然后与聚苯醚熔融挤出 ;(C)聚苯醚和TPEg的混合物预挤出 ,然后与尼龙 6熔融挤出 .实验结果表明 ,混合方式不仅会影响共混物的形貌结构 ,而且会影响复合材料的最终性能 ,如力学性能、热性能和尺寸稳定性 .采用混合方式C所得的尼龙 6 聚苯醚复合材料的抗冲击强度高于用混合方式A和B所制备的复合材料 .这是因为聚苯醚和TPEg预共混时 ,聚苯醚上的OH基团和TPEg上的一部分马来酸酐发生化学反应 .然后预混物和尼龙 6熔融挤出时 ,剩下的马来酸酐再与尼龙分子上的NH2 基团反应 .这样就会形成一个好的界面层 ,它使复合材料的抗冲击强度大幅度提高 ,材料达到了超高韧性     

天然产物色胺酮及其衍生物的仿生合成

以药用植物体内存在的生物合成前体吲哚醌和邻氨基苯甲酸为反应物,用POCl3作催化剂,仿生合成了天然产物色胺酮(1),结构表征结果与标准品一致.该反应所用原料易得,避免了使用较昂贵的靛红酸酐,适合实验室小规模简便合成.采用此方法合成了14个色胺酮衍生物,可见其具有广泛的适应性.     

混配配合物[Mn(phen)2(p-FC6H4COO)(H2O)](p-FC6H4COO)·3H2O的水热合成、结构与磁性研究

采用水热法以MnCO3、邻菲罗啉和对氟苯甲酸混合反应合成得到—混配锰配合物[Mn(phen)2(p-FC6H4COO)(H2O)](p-FC6H4 COO)·3H2O,利用元素分析、红外光谱、X-射线单晶衍射以及热重分析对其结构进行了表征.X-射线单晶衍射分析表明,晶体为三斜晶系,属于P-1空间群,晶胞参数为a=8.8897(17)(A),b=14.773(3)(A),c=14.890(3)(A);α=107.815(4)(A),β=107.314(4)(A),y=91.386(4)(A),V=1762.9(6)(A)3,Z=2,Mr=765.62,Dc=1.442 g/cm3,F(000)=790,μ=4.45 cm-1.最终偏离因子[I＞2σ(I)]R1=0.0848,wR2=0.1635,对于全部数据,R1=0.1134,wR2 =0.1776.变温磁化率研究表明该配合物为铁磁性.     

以1,4-二甲基咔唑-9-丙酸为荧光衍生化试剂高效液相色谱法测定醇

1,4-二甲基咔唑-9-丙酸与间苯二磺酰氯反应生成混合酸酐,该混合酸酐能够衍生化18个碳以下的直链脂肪伯醇、6个碳以下的仲醇,以及叔丁醇和胆固醇;将荧光衍生物用反相C18液相色谱柱进行分离,在室温下10min完成衍生化反应,衍生物24h内基本稳定.基于此,建立了血清中醇的高效液相色谱测定方法.     

以杯芳烃为基体的仿细胞色素P-450单加氧酶模型的合成

用对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃与卟啉羧酸的酰氯化物反应,并引入金属,合成了杯芳烃-金属卟啉仿细胞色素P-450单加氧酶模型A,A及前体化合物6的结构经IR,^1H NMR,MS和元素分析确定,并确证A中杯环呈"锥体"构象     

固相合成胸腺五肽(TP5)

采用Fmoc固相多肽合成中的活化酯方法和2,6-二氯苯甲酰氯(DCB)混合酸酐法, 对Fmoc-Tyr(t-Bu)-OH与Wang树脂反应中的反应级数和表观活化能进行了研究, 并采用常规方法和微波强化方法分别进行了胸腺五肽的合成. 实验结果表明, 活化酯方法的反应级数为1.855, 表观活化能15.24 kJ/mol, 混合酸酐法的表观活化能为35.14 kJ/mol. 与传统方法相比, 微波将缩合反应速率提高了30倍以上, 氨基酸过量倍数也从传统的三倍降低到两倍.     

胆酸酯及其甲基丙烯酸衍生物的制备

以HCl为催化剂,合成了脂肪族二元醇单胆酸酯(2~5)。运用甲基丙烯酰氯和甲基丙烯酸酐作酰化试剂,三乙胺作缚酸剂,4-(二甲氨基)吡啶作催化剂,合成了分子中含有不同数量甲基丙酰基的胆酸衍生物(6~9)。实验结果表明,当用甲基丙烯酰氯作酰化剂时,2~5分子中羟基的反应活性顺序是:CH2-OH>3-OH>12-OH>7-OH。     

烷酰氧基芳磺酸盐的合成研究

研究了以羧酸酐和羟基芳磺酸盐为主要原料,丙酮为溶剂、无水碳酸钠为缚酸剂的烷酰氧基芳磺酸盐的清洁合成工艺,制备了4-壬酰氧基苯磺酸钠(NOBS)、壬酰氧基尼文酸钠、4-甲基丙烯酰氧基苯磺酸钠、甲基丙烯酰氧基尼文酸钠等4个化合物.考察了合成反应的影响因素.结果表明,以对羟基苯磺酸钠和壬酸酐为原料合成4-壬酰氧基苯磺酸钠(N...     

吡咯取代的杂环俘精酸酐的合成及溶剂对其吸收光谱的影响

合成了五个新的3-乙酰基吡咯衍生物,以它们为原料,进一步合成了五个新的吡咯取代的俘精酸酐。研究了五个俘精酸酐化合物在不同溶剂中的光致变色性能,考察了溶剂极性对俘精酸酐及其光致变色反应产物(7,7a-二氢吲哚衍生物)吸收光谱的影响,结果表明,随溶剂极性的增加吸收光谱发生红移。对7,7a-二氢吲哚衍生物的影响远比对俘精酸酐本身的影响显著的多。     

6-马来酰亚胺基己酸的合成与表征

以氨基己酸和马来酸酐为原料,乙酸酐、乙酸钠作催化剂,在室温下反应5h,合成了一种新的可用于蛋白质、多肽药物修饰的“间隔臂”6-马来酰亚胺基己酸,产率90．34％,其结构经。HNMR,IR和LC-MS表征。     

Staircase voltammetry as a rapid detection method for anodic stripping determination of lead

Rapid-scan staircase voltammetry is used to strip lead plated on a rotating mercury film electrode. With potential steps of 10 mV every 64 μs, the entire stripping of the metals is made in only 4 ms. Noise is reduced by averaging several current measurements on each step. The method allows quantification of 0.1 μg l^?1 lead within a total time to less than 4 min. Because of the rapid scan, the rotation of the electrode can continue during the stripping step. Oxygen does not affect the measurements although a small decrease in current is observed. The method is tested on a sample of sea water. Some results are also given for cadmium.     

Enantioselective synthesis of imperanene, a platelet aggregation inhibitor

Both enantiomers of imperanene, a platelet aggregation inhibitor, have been synthesized in 82-90% ee. The key step of establishing the chiral center was achieved through stereoselective alkylation with benzyl chloromethyl ether using Enders' RAMP/SAMP chiral auxiliary method. The natural product was determined to be the (S)-enantiomer through comparison of optical rotation data. Reaction: see text.     

Multivariate curve resolution in liquid chromatography—resolving two-way multi-component data using a Varimax extended rotation

The Varimax extended rotations (VER) have been proposed as a new method to mathematically resolve severely overlapped peaks in chromatographic experiments that produce bilinear data. VER employs a four-step procedure to determine the relative concentration and identity of the components that comprise a severely overlapped chromatographic peak. In the first step, the data are pre-processed to ensure that they are in a form suitable for multivariate curve resolution. The second step involves principal component analysis, which reduces the dimensionality of the data matrix while simultaneously retaining the information present in the data. In the third step, a new coordinate system is developed for the data using a Varimax rotation followed by a so-called extended rotation, which assists in identifying the so-called pure regions in the peak. Identifying these regions is crucial to rotating the concentration and spectral matrices towards a solution. The fourth step utilizes alternating least squares (ALS) to improve the estimates of the concentration and spectral profiles of each component. Results from real and simulated data are used to illustrate the efficacy and simplicity of the proposed method.     

MHz unidirectional rotation of molecular rotary motors

A combination of cryogenic UV-vis and CD spectroscopy and transient absorption spectroscopy at ambient temperature is used to study a new class of unidirectional rotary molecular motors. Stabilization of unstable intermediates is achieved below 95 K in propane solution for the structure with the fastest rotation rate, and below this temperature measurements on the rate limiting step in the rotation cycle can be performed to obtain activation parameters. The results are compared to measurements at ambient temperature using transient absorption spectroscopy, which show that behavior of these motors is similar over the full temperature range investigated, thereby allowing a maximum rotation rate of 3 MHz at room temperature under suitable irradiation conditions.     

Photofabrication of two-dimensional quasi-crystal patterns on UV-curable molecular azo glass films

In this work, two-dimensional surface quasi-crystal patterns were developed by using a novel azobenzene-containing amorphous material (IAC-4), which was newly synthesized for the application. IAC-4 contains a core of isosorbide moiety and two push-pull type azo chromophores as the inner part. The periphery of IAC-4 is functionalized with four cinnamate groups, which can undergo [2+2] photocycloaddition reaction upon UV light irradiation. The molecular design can allow IAC-4 to readily form surface relief structures upon Ar+ laser irradiation, and the formed structures can be further stabilized through a photo-cross-linking reaction induced by UV light irradiation. On the basis of the material, two-dimensional (2D) quasi-crystal structures with different rotation symmetries were successfully fabricated on the IAC-4 films by using the dual-beam multiple exposure technique. In contrast to the approach using photoresist, the quasi-crystal structures were fabricated through the photoinduced mass migration, and no subsequent wet-etch or dry-etch step was required in the process. The quasi-crystal structures with rotation symmetry as high as 60-fold could be feasibly fabricated through this approach. The surface patterns and fabrication method can be potentially applied in areas such as optics, communications, and security inspection.     

Total synthesis of cis-solamin

[structure: see text] A convergent total synthesis of cis-solamin and its diastereomer was accomplished using VO(acac)2-catalyzed diastereoselective epoxidation followed by cyclization of bis-homoallylic alcohol as the key step. By comparison of the optical rotation of two possible diastereomers, it is suggested that the absolute configuration of natural cis-solamin is 1a.     

Varimax extended rotation applied to multivariate spectroscopic image analysis

A new approach for spectral image analysis called the Varimax extended rotation (VER) has been developed. VER employs a four-step procedure to resolve image data. In the first step, the data are pretreated to ensure they are is in a form suitable for principal component analysis. The second step involves reducing the dimensionality of the data using principal component analysis. In the third step, the significant principal components are rotated to identify single component regions in the spectral image. The fourth step uses alternating least squares (ALS) to improve the estimates of the spectral profiles of each component. Results from simulated and real Raman imaging data of water in oil emulsions demonstrate the efficacy and efficiency of the proposed method.     

Surface bonding and dynamical behavior of the CH3SH molecule on Au(111)

The chemisorption of the undissociated CH3SH molecule on the Au(111) surface has been studied at 5 K using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The molecule was found to adsorb on atop Au sites on the defect-free surface. CH3SH undergoes hindered rotation about the Au-S bond on the defect-free surface which is seen in STM as a time-averaged 6-fold pattern. The pattern suggests that the potential minima directions occur for the rotating molecule at the six hollow sites surrounding the atop adsorption site. The barrier for rotation, obtained by DFT calculations, is approximately 0.1 kcal.mol(-1). At low coverages, preferential adsorption occurs at defect sites in the surface, namely, the herringbone "elbows" and random atomic step sites. Molecules adsorbed on these sites do not exhibit rotational freedom.     

Free Radical Isomerizations in Acetylene Bromoboration Reaction

The experimentally motivated question of the acetylene bromoboration mechanism was addressed in order to suggest possible radical isomerization pathways for the syn-adduct. Addition–elimination mechanisms starting with a bromine radical attack at the “bromine end” or the “boron end” of the C=C bond were considered. Dispersion-corrected DFT and MP2 methods with the SMD solvation model were employed using three all-electron bases as well as the ECP28MWB ansatz. The rate-determining, elimination step had a higher activation energy (12 kcal mol⁻¹) in case of the “bromine end” attack due to intermediate stabilization at both the MP2 and DFT levels. In case of the “boron end” attack, two modes of C–C bond rotation were followed and striking differences in MP2 vs. DFT potential energy surfaces were observed. Employing MP2, addition was followed by either a 180° rotation through an eclipsed conformation of vicinal bromine atoms or by an opposite rotation avoiding that conformation, with 5 kcal mol⁻¹ of elimination activation energy. Within B3LYP, the addition and rotation proceeded simultaneously, with a 9 (7) kcal mol⁻¹ barrier for rotation involving (avoiding) eclipsed conformation of vicinal bromines. For weakly bound complexes, ZPE corrections with MP2 revealed significant artifacts when diffuse bases were included, which must be considered in the Gibbs free energy profile interpretation.     

Anisotropic diffusion of n-butane and n-decane on a stepped metal surface

The diffusion of single n-butane and n-decane molecules on a model stepped surface, Pt655, and on a corresponding flat surface, Pt111, is investigated using molecular-dynamics simulations and anisotropic united atom model. The surface step on Pt655 causes the alkane molecules to adsorb on the lower terrace in all-trans conformations with their long molecular axes adjacent and parallel to the step edge, and to diffuse anisotropically along the surface step via a constant wiggly motion without rotation or marked deviation from the parallel adsorption configuration. At relatively high temperatures, the alkane molecules can temporarily break away from the step edge but cannot migrate across the step edge in either the downstair or upstair direction. In comparison with the diffusion on Pt111, the diffusivity of n-decane is reduced by the surface step but its diffusion barrier is hardly affected. In the case of the shorter n-butane, however, the surface step significantly reduces the diffusion energy barrier and gives rise to higher diffusion coefficients at lower temperatures. Important implications of the simulation results are discussed.