ZnO纳米棒改性超高分子量聚乙烯纤维及其性能研究

采用低温水热法在超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维表面成功制备了致密均匀的ZnO纳米棒阵列,利用纳米棒阵列与树脂形成啮合结构,有效增强了纤维和树脂之间的界面结合强度.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、示差扫描量热法(DSC)、热重分析(TGA)、X射线衍射(XRD)等手段对纤维改性前后结构与性能变化进行了分析,并通过单丝拔出实验表征了其与环氧树脂间的界面剪切强度(IFSS);探索了反应时间、前驱液浓度对界面性能的影响.研究结果表明这种改性方法对纤维的本征性能几乎无影响,改性后纤维增重仅5%,而与树脂复合后界面剪切强度提升58%,单丝拨出时破坏发生在纳米棒阵列与纤维之间.进一步,利用该方法对UHMWPE织物进行改性,发现使用单宁酸可提高纳米棒阵列与纤维之间的结合力,使得到的UHMWPE@ZnO和UHMWPE@TA-ZnO织物的防穿刺能力分别提升20%和42%.     

甲基磺酸对PBO纤维的表面改性

采用甲基磺酸(MSA)溶液对PBO纤维表面进行化学改性,用单丝拔出试验测定了改性前后PBO纤维与环氧树脂基体的界面剪切强度,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)、接触角分别对处理前后纤维的表面形貌、表面组成以及表面自由能进行了表征.研究结果表明:在甲基磺酸质量分数为60%的溶液中,60℃下处理6 h的PBO纤维与环氧树脂基体的界面剪切强度比未处理的提高了81%,并且纤维表面O元素的质量分数增加了13.3%,表面自由能增加了17.3%.当溶液中甲基磺酸的质量分数、处理时间和处理温度进一步提高时,PBO纤维的皮层将遭受破坏,导致界面剪切强度下降.     

高性能纤维表面改性及其双马树脂基复合材料界面

采用电感耦合射频等离子体(ICP)和介质阻挡放电(DBD)低温等离子体对高性能连续纤维表面进行改性,分别采用X光电子能谱(XPS)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和动态接触角测定仪(DCA)等分析测试手段系统地研究了等离子体处理时间、放电功率、放电气压等对连续碳纤维、聚苯并二噁唑(PBO)纤维改性处理前后,纤维表面状态、表面组成、表面形貌、浸润性能的变化规律以及经等离子体处理前后纤维增强双马树脂基复合材料界面结构与性能的影响关系及变化规律、复合材料界面粘结和破坏机理.研究结果表明,经过等离子体处理后,纤维表面接枝上了大量的含羧基、羟基等极性官能团,表面粗糙度增加,表面自由能增加,纤维浸润性能得到明显改善,导致纤维与双马树脂基体界面层间剪切强度(ILSS)明显提高,复合材料的破坏模式由未处理的界面脱粘破坏转变为等离子体处理后的树脂基体破坏.最后,对纤维表面时效性及其对纤维增强双马树脂基复合材料界面性能的影响关系也进行了论述.     

多聚磷酸/乙酸体系对PBO纤维表面改性的研究

采用多聚磷酸/乙酸体系并结合偶联剂处理方法对PBO纤维表面进行化学改性,采用扫描电镜和液滴形状法对处理前后纤维表面形态结构和纤维表面亲水性进行了表征,通过单丝拔出试验测定了改性前后PBO纤维与环氧树脂基体的界面剪切强度。利用X光电子能谱和热重分析等方法对纤维表面元素组成和热稳定性进行了分析。研究发现,多聚磷酸/乙酸体系偶联剂的方法改性后PBO纤维表面亲水性明显增强,与水的接触角从大于90°下降到42.8,°PBO纤维/环氧树脂的界面剪切强度较未处理样品提高了45%。     

主链含羟基的芳杂环液晶共聚物聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑的 合成及性能研究

通过在聚合过程中添加少量2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸(DHTA)部分替代对苯二甲酸(TPA)与4,6-二氨基间苯二酚(DAR)盐酸盐进行共聚, 合成了一系列大分子链上含有羟基基团的DHPBO共聚物, 并制得其初生纤维. 利用FTIR、接触角等分析手段对其化学结构和纤维表面性能进行了表征, 通过单丝拔出实验和SEM考察了DHPBO纤维与环氧树脂基体的界面剪切强度, 并采用轴向压缩弯曲实验和紫外光加速老化实验评价了羟基基团的引入对提高纤维压缩性能和抗紫外性能的影响. 结果表明, 羟基基团的引入使得DHPBO纤维的表面亲水性、与环氧树脂的界面剪切强度以及纤维的压缩性能和抗紫外性能都有了显著提高.     

改性UHMWPE纤维/乙烯基酯树脂复合材料的研究

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维在过氧化物引发下,通过硅烷进行接枝改性。研究了改性纤维／乙烯基酯树脂复合材料的界面性能。采用层间剪切强度、扫描电镜、红外光谱(ATRIR)及浸润性测试等分析手段表征了接枝改性的效果。结果表明,经过硅烷接枝改性,改善了超高分子量聚乙烯纤维对乙烯基酯树脂的浸润性,提高了纤维与基体之间的粘结性,使复合材料的层间剪切强度大幅度提高。     

氧化石墨烯接枝碳纤维新型增强体的制备与表征

利用“Grafting-to”化学修饰法制备氧化石墨烯接枝国产碳纤维新型增强体。利用红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱和原子力显微镜对样品的官能团和表面形貌进行表征;利用接触角测量、单丝拉伸方法研究了接枝前后纤维单丝的润湿性能及拉伸强度,并通过微脱粘法分析了其复合材料的界面剪切强度。结果表明：氧化石墨烯的接枝修饰使国产碳纤维表面粗糙度提高了166%,表面能提高了46.3%,拉伸强度提高了7.8%,复合材料的界面剪切强度提高了111.7%。     

废橡胶粉的表面改性及其表征

研究了二氯异氰尿酸钠对废橡胶粉表面的改性,得到的活化改性胶粉可作为复合材料添加剂用于制备新型复合材料.用扫描电镜(SEM )、接触角方法、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对改性胶粉进行表征,并且研究了反应时间、反应温度和改性剂用量因素对改性反应的影响.结果表明,反应的最佳条件为反应时间1.5 h、反应温度40℃、改性剂质量分...     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维表面改性的研究进展

超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维具有诸多优异性能,因此被广泛应用于纤维增强复合材料(FRP)。但是由于UHMWPE纤维表面光滑且无极性基团,与树脂基体粘接性差,可通过纤维表面改性有效提高FRP的界面强度,进而提升材料性能。本文总结了近几年基于化学处理、等离子体处理、电晕放电和辐射引发表面接枝等方法对UHMWPE纤维表面改性的研究进展,并对改性方法的发展进行了展望。     

不同锌盐改性的HZSM-5催化剂上甲醇芳构化反应

分别用ZnSO4,Zn(AcO)2,Zn(NO3)2和ZnCl2溶液对HZSM-5分子筛浸渍改性得到不同Zn盐改性的HZSM-5催化剂.采用X射线衍射、N2物理吸附、热重-质谱分析、氨程序升温脱附和吡啶吸附红外光谱等方法对改性后的催化剂进行了表征,并在固定床反应装置上考察了其甲醇芳构化反应性能.结果表明,不同Zn盐改性的HZSM-5催化剂上Zn物种的存在形式不同会导致其表面酸中心强度与分布具有较大差异,经ZnSO4改性的HZSM-5催化剂表面上强B酸中心和Zn物种的存在使其表现出最佳的甲醇芳构化反应性能.     

Surface modification of PBO fibers with 2,2-Bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane in supercritical carbon dioxide for enhancing interfacial strength

PBO fiber is one of the most promising reinforcements in resin matrix composite because of its excellent mechanical properties. However, the inert and smooth surfaces make it the poor interface adhesion with resin matrix, which seriously limits the application in composites. In this article, we report a method to modify the surface of PBO fibers with 2,2-Bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane（BisAPAF）in supercritical CO₂ to enhance interfacial properties. Chemical structures, surface elemental composition and functional groups, and surface morphology were characterized by FT-IR spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The mechanical properties of the samples were tested by a tensile tester. Static contact angle and microdebonding tests were used to characterize the wetting ability and interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the fiber and epoxy resin. The results showed that the BisAPAF could be solved in scCO₂ and introduced more groups, –NH₂, –OH, and –CF₃ on the fiber surface, resulting in the mechanical properties and the wettability of PBO fiber slightly improved. Moreover, the fiber surface roughness was also increased obviously. The IFSS between the modified PBO fiber and epoxy resin increased from 8.18 MPa to 31.4 MPa when the treating pressure was 14 MPa. In general, the method to modify PBO fibers surface using BisAPAF in scCO₂ can effectively improve their interfacial properties.     

Preparation of Hydrophilic UHMWPE Hollow Fiber Membranes by Chemically Bounding Silica Nanoparticles

In this work, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) microfiltration hollow fiber membranes prepared via the thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) method were modified by chemically bounding hydrophilic silica (SiO_2) nanoparticles onto the surface to improve anti-fouling performance. A range of testing techniques including attenuated total reflection Flourier transformed infrared spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), water contact angle, mechanical test,filtration and anti-fouling performance were carried out to discuss the influence of different modification conditions on the properties of the membranes. The prepared hollow fiber membranes display the significantly excellent performance when the vinyl trimethoxy silane (VTMS) concentration was 13%, the pH value of the hydrolyzate was 4 and the hydrolysis reaction time was 6 h. In particular, the hydrophilicity of modified membranes was improved effectively, resulting in the enhancement of membrane anti-fouling properties. The results of this work can be consulted for improving the anti-fouling performance of the UHMWPE microfiltration hollow fiber membrane applied in the field of water purification.     

Development of a metal-chelated plasmonic interface for the linking of His-peptides with a droplet-based surface plasmon resonance read-off scheme

Monolayers of metal complexes were covalently attached to the surface of lamellar SPR interfaces (Ti/Ag/a-Si(0.63)C(0.37)) for binding histidine-tagged peptides with a controlled molecular orientation. The method is based on the activation of surface acid groups with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), followed by an amidation reaction with (S)-N-(5-amino-1-carboxypentyl)iminodiacetic acid (NTA). FTIR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize each surface modification step. The NTA modified SPR interface effectively chelated Cu(2+) ions. Once loaded with metal ions, the modified SPR interface was able to bind specifically to histidine-tagged peptides. The binding process was followed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in a droplet based configuration. The Cu(2+)-NTA modified interface showed protein loading comparable to commercially available NTA chips based on dextran chemistry and can thus be regarded as an interesting alternative. The sensor interface can be reused several times due to the easy regeneration step using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) treatment.     

Study on the enhancement of the interface performance between CF and polyimide by triethylamine grafting nano-TiO2 particles

The TiO₂ is grafted by triethylamine and is introduced on the surface of the carbon fiber, which improves the wettability and activity of the carbon fiber surface and at the same time strengthens the carbon fiber/polyimide composite. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the triethylamine grafting successfully on TiO₂. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results show that when the trimethylamine concentration is 1.0%, a uniform coating is formed on the surface of the carbon fiber. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and interfacial shear strength (IFSS) were increased by 32% and 69%, respectively.     

芳纶纤维/SMPU-SiO2复合材料的界面性能研究

选用形状记忆聚氨酯(SMPU)和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体,固体酸对甲基苯磺酸(PTSA)为催化剂,利用空气中的水分为水解水源,通过溶胶-凝胶法原位制备了形状记忆聚氨酯与二氧化硅( SMPU-SiO2)杂化材料,并将杂化材料应用于芳纶纤维增强的柔性复合材料中,以期改善芳纶纤维与基体的界面性能.同时,针对芳纶纤维表面...     

四丙基氢氧化铵改性纳米HZSM-5分子筛及其在甲醇制汽油中的催化性能

采用四丙基氢氧化铵(TPAOH)溶液对纳米ZSM-5分子筛进行改性, 运用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、²⁷Al和²⁹Si固体核磁、X射线光电子能谱、N₂物理吸附脱附法和NH₃程序升温脱附等手段对所制样品进行了表征, 并评价了其催化甲醇制汽油反应性能. 结果表明, 改性后的HZSM-5相对结晶度增加, 晶体形貌更加规整, 表面硅铝比增加, 比表面积和微孔表面积增大, 强酸位酸量增多. 同时, TPAOH改性不仅可以使分子筛脱硅脱铝, 而且伴有二次晶化补硅补铝, 改变了分子筛的硅铝分布. 改性的HZSM-5在甲醇制汽油反应中的稳定性大幅度提高, 其寿命由70h增至170h以上, 随着TPAOH处理时间的增加, 催化剂寿命增加, 氢转移反应加快, 导致油相产品中异构烷烃增多, 烯烃减少.     

The surface modification of carbon fiber for thermoplastic HDPE composites

The interfacial adhesion strength between the fiber and the matrix greatly affects the properties of the carbon fiber (CF)–reinforced composite. The presence of surface functional groups on the fiber and changes in surface roughness were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The effect of surface modification of CF on the mechanical properties and tribological properties of the composites is enhanced. The performance has been significantly improved. SEM analysis showed that modification had a positive effect on the interface between fiber and matrix. In the paper, the method of CF modification and the treatment of enhanced high-density polyethylene have simple and effective characteristics, which can be widely used and have guiding significance for industrial production.     

超亲水聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维膜的制备及性能

采用超声辅助接枝聚合技术, 将甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)接枝到聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜表面, 制备PVDF-g-GMA膜; 再利用氨基诱导环氧基团发生开环反应, 将苏氨酸(Thr)接枝到PVDF-g-GMA膜表面, 制备了具有两性离子结构表面的PVDF-g-GMA-Thr膜. 通过衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、 接触角测试仪、 场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)和牛血清白蛋白(BSA)过滤实验等系统研究了改性前后PVDF膜表面的化学组成、 润湿性能、 表面形貌和抗污染性能. 研究结果表明, 随着PVDF-g-GMA接枝Thr反应时间的增加, PVDF-g-GMA-Thr膜的亲水性能明显提高, 接触角从90°降为0°, 呈现出超亲水性能. 同时PVDF-g-GMA-Thr膜的水通量明显提高, 当Thr诱导开环反应时间为12 h时, PVDF-g-GMA-Thr膜的水通量高达686 L/(m ²·h), 与PVDF原膜相比, 水通量提高了204.5%. 在BSA的过滤测试中, 与PVDF膜相比, PVDF-g-GMA-Thr膜呈现出良好的截留性能和抗污染性能, BSA截留率从42%提高到84%,水通量恢复率从53%提高到87%, 不可逆污染率从47%降到12%, 表明通过接枝Thr构筑两性离子结构表面可以有效减小膜污染.     

Impact of titanate coupling agent on properties of high density polyethylene composite filled with coal gangue

In this study, surface modification of coal gangue (CG) was performed with titanate coupling agent 201 (isopropyl tri(dioctylpyrophosphate) titanate), and the effects of surface modifier on mechanical properties and thermal stability of high-density polyethylene filled with CG (HDPE/CG) and high-density polyethylene filled with modified CG (HDPE/mCG) composites were investigated. The coupling agent was successfully grafted on CG surface through chemical reaction according to the analyses of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the coupling agent can effectively enhance the hydrophobicity of surface that was verified by water contact angle beyond 90° of modified CG sample. With the introduction of coupling agent, some enhancements of tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength were observed in HDPE/mCG compared with HDPE/CG, due to the improved compatibility between mCG fillers and matrix. The increased storage modulus and decreased loss factor of HDPE/mCG composite further confirm the stronger interface adhesion after modification. Moreover, it is found that titanate coupling agent 201 can improve the thermal stability of HDPE/mCG composite to some extent.     

Covalent immobilization of single-walled carbon nanotubes and single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid nanocomposites on glassy carbon electrode: Preparation, characterization, and applications

Single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA)-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were modified on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by covalent modification technique. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetric (CV) were used to characterize the properties of this modified electrode. The results showed that SWNTs-ssDNA composites were successfully immobilized onto the surface of GCE. Moreover, this modified electrode exhibited high stability, largely active areas, and efficiently electrocatalytic activities. It had been used for the analysis of various biomolecules, such as dopamine (DA), uric acid (UA), and ascorbic acid (AA), and the results were satisfactory.