Effect of LaFeO3 Decoration and Ozone Treatment on Thermal Stability of Au/Al2O3 for CO Oxidation

The 1.1%Au/LaFeO_x/Al₂O₃ catalysts were prepared by the iso-volume impregnation method and activated with H₂ or O₃. The catalytic performance for CO oxidation at room temperature was investigated by accelerated deactivation tests in 1.0% CO reactant stream at 550 °C. The introduction of La and Fe enhanced the thermal stability of Au/Al₂O₃ with a decrease in initial activity, probably due to the formation of LaFeO₃ perovskite on the Al₂O₃ surface. The 1.1%Au/2%LaFeO₃/Al₂O₃ catalyst activated by H₂ can transform 65% CO into CO₂ at room temperature after pretreatment in 1.0% CO reactant stream at 550 °C for 2 h, whereas 1.1%Au/Al₂O₃ activated by H₂ totally loses its activity. O₃ activation can always make 1.1%Au/LaFeO₃/Al₂O₃ more active than that of H₂ activation during the pretreatment process in 1.0% CO. After pretreatment for 10 h, 1.1%Au/2%LaFeO₃/Al₂O₃ activated by O₃ still shows 40% conversion of 1.0% CO at room temperature, whereas those activated by H₂ become inactive completely. The better thermal stability of the catalysts activated by O₃ may be due to that O₃ activation leads to the formation of partially oxidized state of Au in Au/FLA-O₃, which may reinforce the interaction between the metal and support.     

超声法制备Au/Fe_3O_4及其催化还原4-硝基苯酚性能

通过简易的超声法以及原位还原法成功制备出了负载型可再生Au/Fe_3O_4催化剂。利用3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)作为有机桥键,将Au固定在Fe_3O_4的表面,得到单分散磁性Au/Fe_3O_4。Au0在氨基的作用下不会团聚,因此具有较高的催化活性及稳定性。XRD、HRTEM、EDS和XPS等测试结果表明Au/Fe_3O_4已被成功制备。将其用于催化还原4-硝基苯酚得到4-氨基苯酚,表现出较高的催化活性,速率常数可达0.225 6 min~(-1)。重复性实验表明该催化剂具有良好的稳定性,反应9个循环之后,催化还原反应的转化率仍可达到94%。     

超声法制备Au/Fe3O4及其催化还原4-硝基苯酚性能

通过简易的超声法以及原位还原法成功制备出了负载型可再生Au/Fe₃O₄催化剂。利用3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（APTES）作为有机桥键,将Au固定在Fe₃O₄的表面,得到单分散磁性Au/Fe₃O₄。Au⁰在氨基的作用下不会团聚,因此具有较高的催化活性及稳定性。XRD、HRTEM、EDS和XPS等测试结果表明Au/Fe₃O₄已被成功制备。将其用于催化还原4-硝基苯酚得到4-氨基苯酚,表现出较高的催化活性,速率常数可达0.225 6 min^-1。重复性实验表明该催化剂具有良好的稳定性,反应9个循环之后,催化还原反应的转化率仍可达到94%。     

Catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide over Au/Fe2O3 preparations

Low temperature catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide has been studied over Au/Fe₂O₃. On the coprecipitated samples the catalytic activity shows a maximum at a gold content of about 5%. Calcination of Au/Fe₂O₃ decreases the catalytic activity and the stability. The catalytic activity measured is the highest ever reported in the literature on Au/Fe₂O₃ preparations.     

NO reduction with C3H8 on Co/Al2O3 catalyst. effect of O2 concentration

The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO by propane in excess oxygen-containing gas mixture was studied on Co/Al₂O₃ catalyst. The oxygen concentration is very important for the reaction. The NO conversion to N₂ without oxygen is 3% at 800 K and when the O₂ concentration is raised up to 8% the NO conversion reaches its maximum value of 60% at 800 K. Characterization results by TPR and UV-Vis spectroscopy show that in the catalyst, species strongly interacting with tetrahedral and octahedral Co²⁺ ions in the support are present. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Influence of Calcination Temperature on Properties of Au/Fe2O3 Catalysts for Low Temperature Water Gas Shift Reaction

A series of Au/Fe₂O₃ catalysts for the water gas shift (WGS) reaction were prepared by modified deposition-precipitation method. The sample calcined at 300 °C showed higher catalytic activity and better stability than other samples. Using N₂ physisorption, in situ XRD, H₂-TPR, and XPS techniques, the influence of calcination temperature on properties of Au/Fe₂O₃ catalyst was explored, and the cause of deactivation was analyzed as well. The results showed that the catalytic behaviors were related to the interaction between Au and Fe₂O₃, and the reductive property of support, both of which were significantly affected by calcination temperature. Furthermore, according to the results of XPS, although stable carbonate and carbonyl surface species were found on the spent catalysts, the semiquantitative analysis of these species indicated that they were not the main cause of the deactivation. In fact, the deactivation of Au/Fe₂O₃ was sensitive to the structure change of support. During the water gas shift reaction, Fe₃O₄ particle would aggregate and crystallize leading to increase in the crystallinity of support and a significant reduction in the surface area of the catalysts, which resulted in the deactivation of Au/Fe₂O₃.     

纳米结构Au/Fe2O3的制备、表征及催化氧化性能

分别以纳米和块状氧化铁为载体,通过沉积沉淀法制备了Au/Nano-Fe₂O₃和Au/Bulk-Fe₂O₃,并对其进行了表征和催化氧化性能测试。结果表明：对于Au/Nano-Fe₂O₃,5nmAu颗粒被尺寸相当的Nano-Fe₂O₃所包覆,形成新颖的类似核壳结构;对于Au/Bulk-Fe₂O₃,3nmAu颗粒高度分散于Bulk-Fe₂O₃的表面。在1-苯乙醇的氧化反应中,Au/Nano-Fe₂O₃显示出比Au/Bulk-Fe₂O₃更好的催化活性。活性的增强主要与小尺寸的Nano-Fe₂O₃以及Au和Nano-Fe₂O₃更大的接触界面有关。相比于广泛受到重视的Au的尺寸效应来说,对于Au/Nano-Fe₂O₃而言,Fe₂O₃尺寸的影响更大。     

纳米结构Au/Fe_2O_3的制备、表征及催化氧化性能

分别以纳米和块状氧化铁为载体,通过沉积沉淀法制备了Au/Nano-Fe2O3和Au/Bulk-Fe2O3,并对其进行了表征和催化氧化性能测试。结果表明:对于Au/Nano-Fe2O3,5 nm Au颗粒被尺寸相当的Nano-Fe2O3所包覆,形成新颖的类似核壳结构;对于Au/Bulk-Fe2O3,3 nm Au颗粒高度分散于Bulk-Fe2O3的表面。在1-苯乙醇的氧化反应中,Au/Nano-Fe2O3显示出比Au/Bulk-Fe2O3更好的催化活性。活性的增强主要与小尺寸的Nano-Fe2O3以及Au和Nano-Fe2O3更大的接触界面有关。相比于广泛受到重视的Au的尺寸效应来说,对于Au/Nano-Fe2O3而言,Fe2O3尺寸的影响更大。     

Two-stage catalytic system of Sn/Al2O3 and Pt/Al2O3for NO reduction by propene in lean conditions

The Pt/Al₂O₃, Sn/Al₂O₃catalysts were prepared by the single sol-gel method. The two-stage Sn/Al₂O₃and Pt/Al₂O₃catalyst in series for NO reduction with propene were investigated. The coexistance of water vapor enhanced the activity at medium temperature of 300-400^oC, and the NO conversion was above 50% at 225 to 500^oC even in the presence of water vapor and SO₂. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Selective catalytic reduction of NO over metal oxide or noble metal-doped In2O3/Al2O3 catalysts by propene in the presence of oxygen

The activities of metal oxide CuO, SnO₂, CoO, Ag₂O, ZnO or noble metal Pt, Pd, Rh-doped In₂O₃/Al₂O₃ catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of NO by propene were investigated. The temperature windows for NO reduction over noble metal-doped In₂O₃/Al₂O₃ catalysts were shifted and broaden slightly compared with single component catalyst alone. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Sub-nanometer-thick Al2O3 Overcoat Remarkably Enhancing Thermal Stability of Supported Gold Catalysts

Supported gold nanoparticle catalysts show extraordinarily high activity in many reactions. While the relative poor thermal stability of Au nanoparticles against sintering at elevated temperatures severely limits their practical applications. Here atomic layer deposition (ALD) of TiO₂ and Al₂O₃ was performed to deposit an Au/TiO₂ catalyst with precise thickness con-trol, and the thermal stability was investigated. We surprisingly found that sub-nanometer-thick Al₂O₃ overcoat can su ciently inhibit the aggregation of Au particles up to 600 C in oxygen. On the other hand, the enhancement of Au nanoparticle stability by TiO₂ overcoat is very limited. Di use reffectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) of CO chemisorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements both con rmed the ALD overcoat on Au particles surface and suggested that the presence of TiO₂ and Al₂O₃ ALD overcoat on Au nanoparticles does not considerably change the electronic properties of Au nanoparticles. The catalytic activities of the Al₂O₃ overcoated Au/TiO₂ catalysts in CO oxidation increased as increasing calcination temperature, which suggests that the embed-ded Au nanoparticles become more accessible for catalytic function after high temperature treatment, consistent with our DRIFTS CO chemisorption results.     

Effect of sol-gel derived Al2O3-ZrO2 and Al2O3-TiO2 oxides on the selectivity of NO reduction by CO under oxidizing conditions

The role of Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ and Al₂O₃-TiO₂ sol-gel prepared supports in the activity of platinum for the NO reduction by CO under oxidizing conditions has been studied. ²⁷Al MAS-NMR spectra have shown the formation of pentacoordinate Al^V in alumina-zirconia support. ZrO₂ or TiO₂ crystalline phases cannot be identified by XRD diffraction, suggesting the formation of nanosized structures supported on alumina. When the reaction was carried out in presence of oxygen, large amounts of NO₂ were observed on Pt/Al₂O₃-ZrO₂catalyst, while the formation of N₂O is more prononced on Pt/Al₂O₃-TiO₂ catalyst. The effect of water during NO reduction is discussed. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Fe2O3含量对Cu-Fe/铝土矿水煤气变换催化剂结构和性能的影响

利用具有高比表面积和介孔结构的改性铝土矿为载体,采用并流共沉淀法制备不同Fe2O3含量的Cu-Fe/铝土矿催化剂。以水煤气变换反应为探针反应,考察了催化剂性能。利用X射线荧光元素分析(XRF)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、CO程序升温脱附(CO-TPD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明:负载的Fe2O3能显著提高CuO/改性铝土矿催化剂的水煤气变换活性特别是热稳定性能,且随负载的Fe2O3含量增加而提高,当负载量为20%时达到最佳。其原因是负载的Fe2O3和CuO之间发生了相互作用,形成了类似于CuFe2O4复合氧化物,且随负载的Fe2O3含量的增加而增强,这种相互作用同时促进了CuO和Fe2O3的还原,抑制了CuO的烧结,进而提高了催化剂的性能。     

Fe2O3含量对Cu-Fe/铝土矿水煤气变换催化剂结构和性能的影响

利用具有高比表面积和介孔结构的改性铝土矿为载体,采用并流共沉淀法制备不同Fe₂O₃含量的Cu-Fe/铝土矿催化剂。以水煤气变换反应为探针反应,考察了催化剂性能。利用X射线荧光元素分析(XRF)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、CO程序升温脱附(CO-TPD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明:负载的Fe₂O₃能显著提高CuO/改性铝土矿催化剂的水煤气变换活性特别是热稳定性能,且随负载的Fe₂O₃含量增加而提高,当负载量为20%时达到最佳。其原因是负载的Fe₂O₃和CuO之间发生了相互作用,形成了类似于CuFe₂O₄复合氧化物,且随负载的Fe₂O₃含量的增加而增强,这种相互作用同时促进了CuO和Fe₂O₃的还原,抑制了CuO的烧结,进而提高了催化剂的性能。     

Cu修饰的Fe2O3/Al2O3氧载体的循环反应稳定性研究

采用冷冻干燥法制备了经Cu修饰（10%）的Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃氧载体。利用热重分析仪分别在850、900和950 ℃等温环境下,使氧载体交替接触还原气体和氧化气体,来模拟氧载体在化学链燃烧中的循环过程。结果表明,经Cu修饰的Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃氧载体在850和900 ℃下的等温循环过程中反应性能都很稳定,在950 ℃时的循环反应前期有微量烧结,但在循环后期反应性能也很稳定。随着反应温度的升高,氧载体氧化速率增大,还原速率和载氧率先减小后增大。与未经修饰的Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃氧载体相比较,在900 ℃下作等温循环实验,经Cu修饰的Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃氧载体具有较高的载氧能力和还原速率,但氧化速率较低;两者都具有较好的循环稳定性。     

V2O5/赤铁矿催化剂结构及其NH3选择性催化还原NOx性能

以水热合成针铁矿为前驱体浸渍偏钒酸铵,分别于300,400和500℃空气中焙烧,制备了不同活性组分负载量的V₂O₅/赤铁矿（V/H）催化剂,用于氨选择性催化还原（SCR）脱硝。采用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、比表面积分析仪、程序升温还原及程序升温脱附等方法对催化剂结构进行了表征,并用标气配制模拟烟气进行了脱硝实验。结果表明,300℃煅烧3%V/H催化剂当烟气温度为250-300℃时NO转化率均可达95%以上;当配气中单独加入水蒸气或低浓度SO₂（0.01%）时,V/H催化脱硝的活性不受影响;当系统加入高浓度的SO₂（0.03%与0.05%）或同时添加H₂O与SO₂时,SCR脱硝效率下降,其机制可能是SO₂在催化剂表面竞争吸附所致,停止添加后,催化活性迅速恢复。     

Cu/La2O3-ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂的制备及其对NO选择性还原的催化性能

采用将Al(NO3)3、La(NO3)3和ZrOCl2的混合液滴入沉淀剂(NH4)2CO3中的共沉淀法制备La2O3-ZrO2-Al2O3复合载体,然后负载上Cu2+,制成Cu/La2O3-ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂。考察了该催化剂在富氧条件下对C3H6选择还原NO的催化性能,并借助扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、比表面积测定（BET）、吡啶吸附红外光谱（Py-IR）、程序升温还原（TPR）和热重分析（TG）等方法研究催化剂制备方法与结构、性能的关系。实验结果表明,采用将Al(NO3)3滴入(NH4)2CO3制得的γ-Al2O3能有效地增大催化剂的比表面积,加入La2O3能提高催化剂的热稳定性,加入ZrO2能大幅度增加催化剂表面L酸和B酸的酸量。因此,采用共沉淀法制备的La2O3-ZrO2-Al2O3复合载体能够使Cu/La2O3-ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂具有良好的催化性能,最佳催化活性温度为300℃,NO最大转化率高达88.9%,在有10%水蒸气存在的情况下,仍可达81.9%。     

Pt/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2催化剂催化氧化碳烟过程中活性氧对NO-NO2循环及表面含氧物种的分解作用简

通过在Ce_0.6Zr_0.4O₂载体上浸渍Pt（NO₃）₂制得Pt/Ce_0.6Zr_0.4O₂催化剂,该催化剂在松散接触条件下,于NO+O₂或O₂气氛中均表现出比Pt/Al₂O₃更好的碳烟氧化性能. 进一步研究表明,Pt/Ce_0.6Zr_0.4O₂催化剂中的Pt 与Ce_0.6Zr_0.4O₂存在相互作用,使得催化剂在一定温度范围内对活性氧的利用率大为提高,从而促进了气氛中NO↔NO₂的循环,乃至碳烟与NO₂的反应和碳烟表面含氧中间物种的生成;更重要的是,这部分活性氧本身可加速含氧中间物种的分解. 因此,在NO + O₂的气氛中,Pt/Ce_0.6Zr_0.4O₂催化剂的碳烟起燃温度比Pt/Al₂O₃降低了34 ℃.     

Catalytic reduction of nitrogen monoxide with propene over Nb/TiO2 mixed mechanically with Mn2O3

Selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen monoxide (NO) over a catalyst of mechanically mixed Nb/TiO₂ and Mn₂O₃ (Mn₂O₃+Nb/TiO₂) in an oxidizing atmosphere with propene (C₃H₆) was studied. The Mn₂O₃+Nb/TiO₂ catalyst showed high activity for the reduction of NO to N₂. The maximum conversion of NO to N₂ was observed at 200∼300°C, with about 80% reduction of NO to N₂. Mn₂O₃ enhanced the formation of NO₂ from NO and the activation of propene to react with NO₂ for reduction to N₂.     

应用原位漫反射红外-质谱技术研究CuO/Al2O3催化剂表面酸性及其反应性能

应用原位漫反射红外-质谱联用、程序升温和暂态响应技术研究了CuO/Al₂O₃催化剂表面酸性及其反应性能. 实验结果表明, CuO/Al₂O₃催化剂表面呈Lewis酸性, 硫化不仅可增强CuO/Al₂O₃催化剂的Lewis酸性, 而且可产生新的Brønsted酸性位; 吸附于Lewis酸性位的NH₃具有选择性催化还原(SCR)活性. 而在硫化样Cu8(400S)中Lewis和Brønsted酸性位同时存在的情况下, 吸附于Lewis和Brønsted酸性位的氨均具有SCR活性, 且后者较前者弱; CuO/Al₂O₃催化剂上的SCR反应遵循Eley-Rideal机理, 即SCR反应发生于吸附态NH₃与气相NO之间.