高效液相色谱化学发光法检测牛奶中残留四环素类化合物的研究

基于四环素类抗生素药物中的四环素(TC)、土霉素(OTC)、金霉素(CTC)和多西环素(DC)能够强烈增敏通过恒电流电解方法在线电生BrO^－和鲁米诺之间产生的化学发光, 提出了一种高效液相色谱(HPLC)化学发光(CL)法检测4种四环素类抗生素药物的新方法. 以Nucleosil RP-C₁₈ (250 mm×4.6 mm, i.d., 5 μm, pore size, 100 Å)为色谱柱, 0.05 mol• L^－1磷酸二氢钾(pH 2.5)-乙腈(30∶70, V∶V)为流动相, 流速1.2 mL/min, 柱温25 ℃, 同时分离检测四种抗生素的总时间为11 min. 研究并优化了流动相、电生试剂化学发光检测的条件. 四种抗生素的检出限为0.002～0.008 μg•mL^－1 (3σ), 对0.01 μg•mL^－1的四种抗生素测定的相对标准偏差为2.0%～3.6% (n＝11). 该方法已成功应用于牛奶中残留四环素类抗生素含量的分析.     

聚合物基质高效液相色谱填料在白细胞介素-2分离中的应用

聚合物型苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯(PS-DVB)微球装填的麦科菲反相高效液相色谱柱(MKF-RP-HPLC),用于白细胞介素-2(IL-2)分离的最佳色谱条件:流动相A:0.1%三氟乙酸,流动相B:80%乙腈 0.1%三氟乙酸.B液在30 min内从0%线性增大至100%,流速1.0 mL/min;检测波长:280 nm.在该色谱条件下进行系统性实验,结果表明:MKF-RP色谱柱分离IL-2的柱效、分离度、重复性和拖尾因子均能达到药典要求,且柱效和分离度与SOURCE色谱柱相当;MKF-RP色谱柱的pH适用范围为1～14;柱压与SOURCE色谱柱相当,且低于Hypersil C8色谱柱和Polaris C18色谱柱的柱压,可在更高流速下操作;MKF-RP色谱柱的非极性与SOURCE色谱柱相当;MKF-RP色谱柱的超载性能优于SOURCE色谱柱,其对IL-2进样液的最大载样量为300 μg.     

阴阳离子交换色谱串联分离纯化苦瓜籽核糖体失活蛋白

将阴阳离子交换色谱柱在灌注色谱工作站上串联,使苦瓜籽粗提液中未被阴离子色谱柱吸附的蛋白质直接在阳离子色谱柱上吸附,用盐线性梯度洗脱从阳离子色谱柱上分离出两个具有抗真菌活性的蛋白。两个抗真菌蛋白经鉴定都达到了电泳纯,相对分子质量均为30000左右,N-端氨基酸序列分别为DVSFRLSGADPRSYGMFI与DVNFDLSTATAK,表明所得到的两种蛋白为苦瓜籽中的2个Ⅰ型核糖体失活蛋白α-苦瓜素(α-MMC) 和β-苦瓜素(β-MMC)。抗菌实验表明,α-MMC对香蕉枯萎菌和果腐霉菌均具有较强的抑制作用,β     

毛细管电色谱硅胶整体柱的制备与性能研究

以甲基丙烯酸丙酯基三甲氧基硅烷(MPTMS)为单体,甲苯为致孔剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,盐酸为催化剂,采用热引发法制备毛细管电色谱硅胶整体柱.在反相毛细管电色谱条件下,对中性化合物硫脲,苯,萘,芴,蒽实现了基线分离了.柱效超过100,000 plates/m.探讨了该柱的制备条件如单体比例,毛细管内径,制柱反应时间对分离的影响,并且在电色谱条件下考察了有机溶剂比例,pH值,电压和温度对分离的影响.     

高效液相色谱法测定番泻甙及其代谢产物番泻素

采用高效液相色谱法分离测定番泻甙A和B及其代谢产物番泻素A和B,其色谱条件为：色谱柱Spherisorb C 18 不锈钢柱(250 mm×4.6 mm i.d., 10 μ m),柱温40 ℃;检测波长 360 nm;流动相A为1.25%(体积分数)乙酸水溶液,流动相B为甲醇,线性梯度程序为100%A20 min100%B。该方法快速、准确,能够对番泻甙的整个代谢过程进行实时分析。     

动力学因素对液相色谱分离整体蛋白的影响

依据液相色谱分离整体蛋白的效果与色谱柱柱长基本无关的事实,研究了动力学因素对疏水相互作用色谱(HIC)分离整体蛋白的影响。首次提出了用于线性梯度洗脱条件下蛋白分离的“条件板高”(H)概念,并将其用于动力学因素对分离整体蛋白的影响的表征。分别用常用的色谱柱和色谱饼对标准蛋白进行了分离,绘制了类似于van Deemter的“条件板高”对流动相线速(u)的曲线图。发现对应于色谱柱最低“条件板高”的适合线速约为色谱饼的1/5～1/15,且色谱饼的适合线速范围也较色谱柱宽得多。据此,用装填有HIC填料的色谱饼(10 mm×20 mm i.d.)在12 min内便可完全分离7种标准蛋白。还用装填有HIC填料的色谱饼对重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)进行了复性并同时纯化,在50 min内,仅用一步色谱法就可获得纯度≥97%的rhG-CSF,其质量回收率为39%,比活＞1×108 IU/mg。可以预计,装填极细颗粒的刚性色谱填料的色谱饼可在高负荷条件下进行整体蛋白的高速和高分离度的分离、纯化并同时复性,达到“三高”。     

SPE及纳米金涂层毛细管电泳检测血浆中土霉素与多西环素

建立了混合型固相萃取及季铵化纤维素负载的纳米金涂层毛细管电泳法快速检测血浆中土霉素和多西环素的方法。采用季铵化纤维素负载的纳米金复合材料(QC-Au NPs)对毛细管内壁进行动态涂层,以抑制管壁对分析物的吸附,并对缓冲液p H值进行优化。结果表明,该涂层能改善峰形和分离度,提高分离效率,其中土霉素的柱效提高了17.9倍。在涂层毛细管中,土霉素和多西环素的吸附被抑制,并在4 min内出峰。在10~200μg/m L范围内,土霉素和多西环素的峰面积与浓度的线性关系良好,相关系数(r)分别为0.997 6和0.995 2。血浆中土霉素和多西环素的加标回收率为88%~107%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.4%~7.7%。该方法快速、简便,准确度和精密度高,适用于血浆中土霉素和多西环素的快速检测。     

微气相色谱法分析氢氘同位素组分气体

该文建立了聚变堆燃料循环系统中氢氘组分的微气相色谱定量分析方法.采用MnCl2溶液改性的氧化铝色谱柱(4～6m×0.53mm)为分离柱,考察了改性液含量、色谱柱长和载气流量对氢氘组分分析的影响,在液氮低温(77 K)条件下实现了H2、HD和D2混合物的分离.结果表明,19％MnCl2溶液处理的色谱柱分离氢同位素的效果优...     

关于混合模式色谱固定相对蛋白保留特征的研究

为使混合机理色谱(MMC)得到广泛地应用, 合成、表征和评价MMC固定相就成了首先要解决的问题. 依据离子交换色谱柱也具有疏水色谱(HIC)保留机理的特征, 选了4种弱阳离子交换(WCX)柱和一根二维[2D(WCX,HIC)]色谱柱, 研究了标准蛋白在这两类色谱柱上的保留行为. 这四种WCX色谱柱中的两种能在WCX和HIC两种分离模式下分离蛋白, 虽不如2D色谱柱效果好, 但有可能当成“准2D柱”来使用. 发现蛋白在这四种WCX柱上所显示的HIC分离特征各不相同, 且保留值随盐浓度变化呈现出的“U型”曲线也有大的差异. 实验结果显示, “U型”曲线的宽度和临界点分别与色谱动力学和热力学因素相关. 还对这两类色谱固定相的峰容量表征方法和命名提出了建议和说明.     

烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚在不同液相色谱分离模式中的分离研究

考察了烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚在反相色谱、正相键合色谱、硅胶吸附色谱、体积排阻色谱4种不同液相色谱分离模式中的分离效果,分别采用Kromasil C_(18)(250 mm× 4.6 mm,5 μm)、Agilent ZORBAX NH2(250 mm× 4.6 mm,5 μm)、Waters Spherisorb S3W(150 mm×2.0 mm,3 μm)和Shodex MSpak GF-310 2D(150 mm×2.0 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以225 nm为紫外检测波长,对不同液相色谱分离模式的流动相组成、梯度洗脱条件、柱温、流速等进行了优化,并对烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚在不同液相色谱分离模式中的保留机理进行了初步探讨.结果表明,正相键合色谱实现了烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚的最佳分离;硅胶吸附色谱和体积排阻色谱的分离效果较正相键合色谱稍差.     

Rapid and simple determination of doxycycline in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography. Application to particulate drug delivery systems

A simple, rapid and sensitive reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the measurement of doxycycline concentrations in both drug delivery systems (DDS) and serum extracted from mice after intraperitoneal (free drug) and intravenous (doxycycline administered in DDS) administration, has been developed. For the analysis of doxycycline in DDS, a known amount of particles was dissolved in chloroform and, after precipitating the polymer with methanol, the drug was assessed in the supernatant. For doxycycline quantification in microsamples of serum, proteins were precipitated with acetonitrile before chromatographic analysis. After centrifugation, the supernatant was mixed with a mixture of methanol and acetic acid (1:1) for analysis. The samples were chromatographed on a narrow-bore C18 column (Alltech Alltima 150 mm x 2.1 mm) using a mobile phase with 55% acetic acid (5%), 25% acetonitrile and 20% methanol. Doxycycline was detected 347 nm and the run time was 10 min. Linearity was confirmed in the concentration range 0.4-80 microg/ml for doxycycline quantification in serum and from 1 to 800 microg/ml for doxycycline extracted from DDS samples.     

Sequential injection chromatographic determination of ambroxol hydrochloride and doxycycline in pharmaceutical preparations

A new separation method based on a novel reversed-phase sequential injection chromatography (SIC) technique was used for simultaneous determination of ambroxol hydrochloride and doxycycline in pharmaceutical preparations in this contribution.The coupling of short monolith with SIA system results in an implementation of separation step to until no-separation low-pressure method.A Chromolith^® Flash RP-18e, 25-4.6 mm column (Merck, Germany) and a FIAlab^® 3000 system (USA) with a six-port selection valve and 5 ml syringe were used for sequential injection chromatographic separations in our study. The mobile phase used was acetonitrile-water (20:90, v/v), pH 2.5 adjusted with 98% phosphoric acid, flow rate 0.48 ml min⁻¹, UV detection was at 213 nm.The validation parameters have shown good results: linearity of determination for both compounds including internal standard (ethylparaben) >0.999; repeatability of determination (R.S.D.) in the range 0.5-5.4% at three different concentration levels, detection limits in the range 0.5-2.0 μg ml⁻¹, and recovery from the pharmaceutical preparation in the range 99.3-99.9%. The chromatographic resolution between peak compounds was >5.0 and analysis time was <9 min under the optimal conditions. The method was found to be applicable for routine analysis of the active compounds ambroxol hydrochloride and doxycycline in various pharmaceutical preparations.     

Determination of Tetracyclines in Milk,Eggs and Honey Using in-situ Ionic Liquid Based Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction

In this study, in-situ ionic liquid based dispersive liquid?liquid microextraction method for enrichment of tetracyclines before liquid chromatographic analysis has been improved. A 1-benzyl-3- methylimidazolium chloride was used as an ionic liquid. To increase extraction efficiency, some optimization parameters (amount of ammonium hexafluorophoshate, extraction time, centrifugation time, ratio of ionic liquid/salt) were investigated. At optimized conditions, enrichment factors of four tetracycline antibiotics (tetracycline, chlortetracycline, methacycline, doxycycline) were between 25 and 98. The residues of tetracyclines were not found in the studied real samples. For the accuracy of the method, the concentration of 50 and 250 μg/L of standard tetracycline mixture solutions were spiked to the blank real milk, honey and egg samples and the percentage recoveries were obtained in the range of 75.8–109.7%.     

Simultaneous Determination of Oxytetra- cycline, Doxycycline, Tetracycline and Chlortetracycline in Tetracycline Antibiotics by High-Performance Liquid Chromatog- raphy with Fluorescence Detection

A simple, rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection for the simultaneous determination of oxytetracycline, doxycycline, tetracycline and chlortetracycline was developed, and successfully applied to the analysis of commercial tetracycline antibiotics. The separation was performed on a reverse-phase C₁₈ column with a gradient elution composed of methanol and sodium acetate buffer (containing disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate and calcium chloride, pH 8.10) as the mobile phase, and fluorescence detection at 532 nm (excitation at 380 nm). The detection limits for oxytetracycline, doxycycline, tetracycline and chlortetracycline were 0.1, 0.5, 0.3 and 0.4 g L^–1, respectively. Data with respect to precision and accuracy were reported and discussed.     

Determination of tetracyclines residues in honey by on-line solid-phase extraction high-performance liquid chromatography

An automated system using on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection was developed for the determination of tetracyclines (TCs), such as tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC), chlortetracycline (CTC), metacycline (MC), and doxycycline (DC) in honey. One milliliter diluted honey sample was injected into a conditioned C18 SPE column and the matrix was washed out with water for 3 min. By rotation of the switching valve, TCs were eluted and transferred to the analytical column by the chromatographic mobile phase. Chromatographic conditions were optimized. TCs were separated in less than 8 min with a gradient elution using a mixture of 0.8% formic acid and acetonitrile. The UV detection was performed at 365 nm. The conditions for on-line SPE, including solvent and total time for loading sample and washing matrix were also optimized. Time for extraction and separation decreased greatly. For the five kinds of TCs, the limits of detection (LODs) at a signal-to-noise of 3 ranged from 5 to 12 ng g⁻¹. The relative standard deviations (R.S.D.) for the determination of TCs ranged from 3.4 to 7.1% within a day and ranged from 3.2 to 8.9% in 3 days, respectively.     

Determination of ATP as a fluorescence probe with europium(III)-doxycycline.

A new spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for the determination of adenosine disodium triphosphate (ATP). We studied the interactions between the doxycycline (DC)-Eu3+ complex and adenosine disodium triphosphate (ATP) by using UV-visible absorption and fluorescence spectra. Using doxycycline (DC)-Eu3+ as a fluorescence probe, under the optimum conditions, ATP could remarkably enhance the fluorescence intensity of the DC-Eu3+ complex at lambda = 612 nm. The enhanced fluorescence intensity of the Eu3+ ion was in proportion to the concentration of ATP. The optimum conditions for the determination of ATP were also investigated. The linear ranges for ATP were 1.00 x 10(-7) - 2.00 x 10(-6) mol L(-1) with detection limits of 4.07 x 10(-8) mol L(-1). This method is simple, practical and relatively free of interference from coexisting substances, and can be successfully applied to the determination of ATP in samples. The mechanism of fluorescence enhancement between the doxycycline (DC)-Eu3+ complex and ATP was also studied.     

A high performance liquid chromatographic system for the analysis of tetracycline drug standards, analogs, degradation products and other impurities

This paper describes the high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of eight parent tetracycline standards: tetracycline, chlortetracycline, rolitetracycline, oxitetracycline, minocycline, doxycycline, democlocycline, methacycline; and three tetracycline epimers: epitetracycline, epianhydrotetracycline, and anhydrotetracycline. The HPLC system employs an octadecylsilane reverse phase column and an isopropanol-diethanolamine-phosphate-ammonium EDTA-water mobile phase. This system produced at least partial resolution of all eight parent compounds and many of their degradation products.     

Flow injection analysis of doxycycline or chlortetracycline in pharmaceutical formulations with pulsed amperometric detection

A flow injection with pulsed amperometric detection for determination of doxycycline or chlortetracycline in pharmaceutical formulations is described. Doxycycline or chlortetracycline were studied at a gold rotating disk electrode with cyclic voltammetry as a function of pH of supporting electrolyte solution. The optimized PAD waveform parameters were obtained with a flow injection system. The optimized pulsed conditions of doxycycline were 1150 mV (versus Ag/AgCl reference electrode) detection potential (E_det) for 220 ms (150 ms delay time and 70 ms integration time), 1500 mV (versus Ag/AgCl reference electrode) oxidation potential (E_oxd) for 70 ms oxidation time (t_oxd) and 250 mV (versus Ag/AgCl reference electrode) reduction potentail (E_red) for 400 ms reactivation time (t_red). The optimized pulsed conditions of chlortetracycline were 1050 mV (versus Ag/AgCl reference electrode) detection potential (E_det) for 300 ms (200 ms delay time and 100 ms integration time), 1300 mV (versus Ag/AgCl reference electrode) oxidation potential (E_oxd) for 70 ms oxidation time (t_oxd) and 250 mV (versus Ag/AgCl reference electrode) reduction potentail (E_red) for 400 ms reactivation time (t_red). The optimized PAD waveform was applied to the determination of doxycycline hydrochloride and chlortetracycline hydrochloride standard solution and in pharmaceutical formulations. The linear dynamic ranges of doxycycline hydrochloride and chlortetracycline hydrochloride were 1 μM–0.1 mM. The sensitivity of this method was found to be 23 μA/mM for doxycycline hydrochloride and 33.76 μA/mM for chlortetracycline hydrochloride. The detection limit for both compounds is 1 μM. The doxycycline hydrochloride and chlortetracycline hydrochloride content in commercially available tablet dosage forms by the proposed method was comparable to those specified by the manufacturer.     

气相色谱法测定强力霉素废水中的甲醇与乙醇

用气相色谱法测定了强力霉素废水中的甲醇和乙醇含量.甲醇的回收率在95.83%~101.5%之间,RSD为1.5%~2.9%;乙醇的回收率在96.44%~102.7%,RSD为1.4%~2.3%之间.本法操作简便、快捷、结果准确,便于实际应用.     

Chromatographic analysis of tetracycline antibiotics in foods

Tetracycline antibiotics (TCs), such as oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, and doxycycline, have for decades continued to play an important role in veterinary medicine and feed additives because of the broad spectrum antibiotics and their economical advantages. Many analysis methods of TCs, therefore, have been reported to monitor their residues in foods. We review the recent developments in chromatographic analysis methods for TCs in foods. This review involves the following techniques: thin layer chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, high-performance liquid chromatography, and sample preparation including extraction and clean up procedures.