海洋沉积物中碳酸盐测定方法的研究

海洋沉积物中碳酸盐的含量及其分布对海洋地质研究十分重要。海洋沉积物中碳酸盐的测定没有统一的标准方法。本文分别选用EDTA滴定法、ICP-AES法和元素分析仪法对海洋沉积物样品和标准物质的碳酸盐进行分析,对测试结果进行了研究,发现三种方法的测试结果之间存在较大差异,每种方法都存在一定的局限。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定海洋沉积物中34种痕量元素

用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定海洋沉积物中34种痕量元素,样品于聚四氟乙烯封闭坩埚中用氢氟酸和硝酸溶解,运用干扰方程校正光谱干扰,用内标校正消除基体影响。方法检出限(3s/k)在0.046～160 ng.g-1之间。通过分析4个海洋沉积物标准物质对所提出方法的准确度和精密度做了考核,所得测定结果与标准物质的认定值相吻合,各元素测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于10%。     

直读光谱法测定海洋结构用钢中的锆

采用直读光谱法,针对海洋结构用钢中的锆元素进行分析。实验利用标准物质,通过条件实验,建立海洋结构用钢中锆的工作曲线,确定海洋结构用钢中残余元素锆的分析方法。通过标准样品的结果验证以及待测试样的光谱分析方法与化学分析方法实验结果的比较,证明方法完全可以满足生产及新产品开发的要求,同时也拓宽了直读光谱仪的分析范围。     

超声搅拌悬浮液进样石墨炉原子吸收测定海洋沉积物中的痕量镉

研究了一种使用超声搅拌悬浮液进样石墨炉原子吸收测定海洋沉积物中痕量镉的快速简便方法。使用丙三醇水溶液作为悬浮液介质,稳定时间可达７０ｍｉｎ,再用磷酸二氢铵作为基体改进剂,可使灰化温度大大提高,克服了基体干扰。用于海洋和澡流沉积物标准物质中镉的测定,对同一样品１０次平行测定的相对标准偏差为２．３％。标准曲线的线性范围为０－６．０μｇ．Ｌ＾－１,取得了较为满意的结果。     

海洋局携国标委、质检总局全面部署“十三五”海洋标准

<正>不久前,国家海洋局召集各海洋部门及相关单位,在北京共聚一堂,共商海洋标准计量质量改革发展大计。这也是首次在海洋领域召开的全国海洋质量管理工作会议,对推进海洋标准计量质量工作、落实建设海洋强国战略具有重要的现实意义。近年来,国家海洋局全面加强海洋标准计量质量工作,大力推进改革创新,着力提升能力水平。"十二五"以来,国家海洋局发布了海洋观测预报及防灾减灾等7个标准体系,     

海水及鲈鱼中有机锡的GC-MS分析

对上海,天津及青岛海水及海鱼中三丁基锡和三苯基锡进行了ＧＣ－ＭＳ分析测定,分析了有机锡对海洋及生物污染的影响,实验回收率为７９％￣９３％,对日本环境厅国立环境研究所的认证标准参考物质的测定结果说明本实验有较高准确度。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定海洋沉积物中砷、锑、铋、汞、硒

提出了用盐酸-硝酸-水(3+1+4)混合酸消解样品,氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定海洋沉积物样品中砷、锑、铋、汞、硒的方法。考察了原子荧光光谱仪的最佳工作条件。在最佳条件下砷、锑、铋、硒的检出限(3s/k)分别为0.018,0.004,0.001,0.003μg.g-1,汞的检出限(3s/k)为0.604ng.g-1。应用于3种海洋沉积物标准物质的测定,测定值与标准值吻合。     

海洋软体动物活性物质——片螺素(lamellarin)及其类似生物碱的研究进展<

综述了海洋软体动物活性物质片螺素及其类生物碱的提取、分离、结构确定以及合成路线的研究进展, 并简要介绍了该类物质的生物活性.     

微波消解ICP-MS测定海洋沉积物中微量元素

采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法同时测定海洋沉积物中的Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb7种微量元素。对微波消解酸体系和微波程序进行了优化,结果表明:由4 mL HNO3与2 mL HF组成的混合酸对沉积物消解效果好;阶段升温,最高温度200℃,消解30 min有着最佳的消解效果。采用本实验方法对7种不同类型的海洋沉积物标准物质进行了测定,测定结果与标准值一致。各元素的检出限在0.009~0.17 ng/g之间。该方法快速简便、准确度高,可用于海洋沉积物样品中多元素同时测定。     

南海红树林内生真菌No．ZZF71代谢产物研究

由于海洋环境的特殊性和微生物在生态系统的功能,海洋微生物已经发展出独特的代谢方式,提供了在陆地微生物中未遇到过的代谢产物。研究海洋微生物的活性物质,不但能发现结构新颖的化合物,丰富和发展有机化学理论,而且为寻找新的强效活性药物及其它有用物质提供了一个重要途径[1     

New Arctic Marine Sediment Certified Reference Material for Elemental Analysis

A multi-elemental certified reference material (CRM) based on Arctic marine sediment was prepared and labeled GBW 07481. Approximately 4.5?kg of the sediment was collected during the third Chinese Arctic Expedition. The sediment was processed in procedures that included air drying, debris removal, drying, and milling. The final product contained particles that were generally smaller than 74?;m representing 99% of the total mass. The powder was poured into clean 10-mL brown glass vials and a total of 300 vials were obtained. The homogeneity and stability were preliminarily investigated to assess the suitability of the marine sediment as a candidate CRM. The candidate material was demonstrated to be suitable for this purpose; and hence the certification project was accomplished with nine reputable laboratories. More than 10 reliable analytical methods, including inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), and x-ray fluorescence (XRF), were used for analyzing the sediment for 68 elements. The results should be useful for assessing the analytical accuracy of major, minor, and trace elements in marine sediments. Therefore, the CRM is expected to play an important role in Arctic geochemical surveys and environmental assessment.     

Matrix certified reference materials for environmental monitoring from the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ)

Matrix certified reference materials (CRMs) are playing an increasingly important role in environmental monitoring in Japan. The National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ)/National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) has been developing matrix CRMs for environmental monitoring since 2001, and has issued nine kinds of CRMs as NMIJ CRMs. The development of the CRMs was conducted in NMIJ in cooperation with candidate material producers. The isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) was principally adopted to give reliable certified values. Meanwhile, two or more analytical methods, whose levels of accuracy were well evaluated, were applied to avoid any possible analytical bias. Two typical certification processes, the certification of river water CRMs for trace element analysis and that of marine sediment CRMs for PCB and organochlorine pesticide analysis, are outlined as examples. Presented at -- “BERM-10” -- April 2006, Charleston, SC, USA.     

元素分析仪测定海洋沉积物中的碳酸盐

海洋沉积物中的碳分为无机碳和有机碳,经过高温灼烧除去有机碳后,剩余的碳为无机碳(碳酸盐),其含量可用元素分析仪进行测定。使用国家一级标准物质对灼烧温度和灼烧时间进行了研究,结果表明:样品在420℃灼烧3 h,测定值和推荐值相吻合。方法的检出限为0.058%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.54%～3.35%(n=12)。     

Biological and environmental reference materials from the National Institute for Environmental Studies (Japan)

Biological reference materials for elemental speciation were prepared at the National Institute for Environmental Studies. A new human hair reference material, prepared by cryogenic grinding using a ceramic disc mill, is in the process of certification for methyl-Hg and trace elements. Hijiki seaweed reference material was prepared for As speciation studies, primarily for use in the analysis of As(V). Scallop tissue reference material will be certified for arsenobetaine.     

Creatinine determination in urine from the point of view of reference values

In this paper, the creation of a certified reference material for urinary creatinine is described. We used the Jaffe method and HPLC method for establishment of the certified value. Homogeneity tests are also described. We obtained material with sufficient homogeneity, stability, and with certified value (expanded uncertainty, k=2 for CI 95%) (7.77±0.27) mmol·L⁻¹. This material was consequently used for the interlaboratory comparison (EQA Czech Republic for clinical chemistry). Twenty-nine percent of the participants obtained measurement results within the interval of the certified value ± expanded uncertainty, while 85% of the participants obtained values inside the interval of the certified value ± target measurement uncertainty. Direct use of the certified reference materials for method evaluation in EQA programs means a significant advance for monitoring and documentation traceability of results in routine measurements.     

Comparison of methods used for the preparation of biological CRM's

The starting material for two certified and one candidate reference material was obtained from dried grass specially cultivated on a selected and well prepared soil. The Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) of the Commission of the European Communities produced two certified reference materials (CRM's) from this dried grass: a rye grass material (CRM 281) certified in 1988 for the quality control of trace and toxic element analyses and a hay powder material (CRM 129) certified in 1989 for monitoring trace and minor elements. A fraction of the dried grass was used in 1993 for the preparation of a hay powder with a particle size of <63 m using newly developed grinding techniques.This paper compares the production methods of these three materials and the obtained particle size distribution of the powders. The analytical evaluation of these production methods was carried out by solid sampling Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of Cd, Pb and Zn.     

正辛基二茂铁标准物质的制备及定值

烷基取代的二茂铁因其优良的催化性能和制药性能,在国防领域中常被用作固体火箭推进剂的燃速催化剂,而目前正辛基二茂铁没有标准物质,使得相关产品的性能难以得到保证。因此,本研究以工业品正辛基二茂铁为原材料,利用混合溶剂低温重结晶的方法制备了相对纯度大于99.5%的正辛基二茂铁,利用气相色谱法对标准物质候选物进行均匀性和稳定性研究。采用质量平衡法对正辛基二茂铁标准物质定值,主成分自身对照法对其中正辛基二茂铁的同系物杂质进行定值,得到的标准物质纯度为99.6%,对定值结果进行不确定度评估,得到扩展不确定度为0.2%(k=2)。     

异辛烷中正十六烷溶液标准物质制备

以正十六烷和异辛烷为原料,采用重量–容量法制备异辛烷中正十六烷溶液标准物质。经过均匀性检验、稳定性考察和量值比较,结果表明该标准物质符合国家二级标准物质的研制要求,标准值为500 ng/μL(Urel=2%,k=2),可作为量值传递的标准,用于气相色谱仪的校准和检定、分析方法评价,以及正十六烷的质量控制等方面。该标准物质已取得国家二级标准物质证书,证书编号为GBW(E)130660。     

黄芩素纯度标准物质的定值及其不确定度评定

为了满足食品及医药等领域的检测需求,研制了黄芩素纯度标准物质。采用液相色谱–质谱法和红外光谱法对黄芩素纯度标准物质原料定性后,利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和定量核磁技术(Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy,QNMR)对黄芩素的纯度进行了定值,并用HPLC法对黄芩素纯度标准物质进行了均匀性检验和稳定性考察。对定值结果的不确定度进行了评价,研制的黄芩素纯度标准物质的定值结果和扩展不确定度分别为98.8%,0.8%(k=2)。     

Certification of the methylmercury content in SRM 2977 Mussel Tissue (organic contaminants and trace elements) and SRM 1566b Oyster Tissue

The methylmercury content in two new marine bivalve mollusk tissue Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) has been certified using results of analyses from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and two other laboratories. The certified concentrations of methylmercury were established based on the results from four and six different (independent) analytical methods, respectively, for SRM 1566b Oyster Tissue (13.2 ± 0.7 μg/kg) and SRM 2977 Mussel Tissue (organic contaminants and trace elements) (36.2 ± 1.7 μg/kg). The certified concentration of methylmercury in SRM 1566b is among the lowest in any certified reference material (CRM).