3-芳胺甲烯基-5,6-二氢-二氢吡喃-2,4-二酮类化合物催化氢化反应选择性的理论研究

用分子力学方法、AM1半经验方法以及从头算密度泛函B3LYP/6-311G^**方法研究了3-芳胺甲烯基-5,6-二氢-二氢吡喃-2,4-二酮类化合物在催化氢化反应中影响反应选择性的因素,结果表明,R基团对自由基中间物稳定性的影响决定了反应选择性.     

3-芳胺甲烯基-6-烷基(芳基)-5,6-二氢-2H-吡喃-2,4-二酮的合成及其杀菌活性的研究

以5,6-二氢-6-烷基(芳基)-2H-吡喃-2,4-二酮(1)、芳胺(2)和原甲酸三乙酯进行缩合反应,合成了20个3-芳胺甲烯基-6-烷基(芳基)-5,6-二氢-2H-吡喃-2,4-二酮(3).由于分子内氢键的形成,化合物3由一对构象异构体4和5组成.生物活性初步测定结果表明,这些化合物均有一定的杀菌活性.     

二[4-羟基-5,6-二氢-6-烷基(芳基)-2H-吡喃-2-酮-3-]烃的合成及生物活性的研究

采用5,6-二氢-6-烷基(芳基)-2H-吡喃-2,4-二酮和醛进行缩合反应,合成了二[4-羟基-5,6-二氢-6-烷基(芳基)-2H-吡喃-2-酮-3-]烃.其结构经¹HNMR和元素分析证实.对反应条件(反应温度、反应时间)进行了探讨.生物活性初步测定表明,该类化合物具有一定的杀菌和抗烟草花叶病毒的活性.     

新型5,6-二氢-6-烷基吡喃酮类衍生物的设计、合成及肿瘤细胞增殖抑制活性研究

为了研究吡喃酮结构中不饱和双键修饰对该类化合物生物活性的影响.基于5,6-二氢-6-烷基吡喃酮类化合物哥纳香甲素,通过不饱和双键的修饰,设计合成了化合物5,6和8.利用噻唑蓝(MTT)法评价了目标化合物对人肝癌细胞(7721)、人肺癌细胞(A549)、人食管癌细胞(EC-109)、人胃癌细胞(MGC-803)的细胞增殖抑制活性.通过和阳性药物的对比发现,除了4-(2,3,4,5-四氟)苯甲酰氨基-3-甲基-6-苄氧甲基-5,6-二氢-吡喃-2-酮(6d),所合成化合物的肿瘤细胞增殖抑制活性均消失.结果表明,在5,6-二氢-6-烷基吡喃酮类化合物结构中,不饱和双键起着至关重要的作用,对其进行适当的修饰,在保留其活性的同时,具有潜在改善其因共价键结合引起毒性的可能性.     

(±)-Malaysianone A和(±)-Tanariflavanones B的全合成

以取代苯乙酮和5-醛基-8-甲氧甲氧基-2-甲基-2-(4'-甲基-3'-戊烯基)-二氢-1-苯并吡喃为原料,经羟醛缩合反应制得两个中间体——7,2',4'-三甲氧甲氧基-6'-羟基-2-甲基-2-(4'-甲基-3'-戊烯基)-二氢-1-苯并吡喃查尔酮(3a)和7,2',4'-三甲氧甲氧基-5'-异戊烯基-6'-羟基-2-甲基-2-(4'-甲基-3'-戊烯基)-二氢-1-苯并吡喃查尔酮(3b);3a经环合和脱保护基反应合成了(±)-Malaysianone A(4a),产率12.9%;3b经脱保护基和环合反应合成了(±)-Tanariflavanones B(4b),产率5.2%。4a和4b的结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和HR-ESI-MS确证。     

9,9''''-(1,4-亚苯基)十四氢-二-吖啶-1,1'''',8,8''''-四酮缩双季戊四醇的合成

利用1,3-环己二酮和1,4-苯二甲醛为原料,在微酸介质中通过羟醛缩合和脱水反应,合成了9,9'-(1,4-亚苯基)-2H,2'H,3H,3'H,4H,4'H,5H,5H',6H, 6'H,7H,7'H,9H,9'H-十四氢-二-吖啶-1,1',8,8'-四酮(化合物Ⅰ). 提出了化合物Ⅰ生成的反应机理. 将化合物Ⅰ与季戊四醇在I2催化下反应,生成了目标化合物9,9'-(1,4-亚苯基)-2H,2'H,3H,3'H,4H, 4'H,5H,5H',6H,6'H,7H,7'H,9H,9'H-十四氢-二-吖啶-1,1',8,8'-四酮缩双季戊四醇(化合物Ⅱ),收率为40%. 产物和中间体用IR、1H NMR、MS和元素分析进行了结构表征. 在含有螺环单元的化合物Ⅱ1H NMR中,亚甲基中的8个氢由于受手性轴和苯环的影响而裂分成8重峰.对影响反应的因素特别是副产物生成的原因进行了探讨     

3-杂环胺基甲烯基-6-烷基(芳基)-5,6-二氢-2H-吡喃-2,4-二酮的合成及生物活性的研究

异构体;氢键;3-杂环胺基甲烯基-6-烷基(芳基)-5;6-二氢-2H-吡喃-2;4-二酮的合成及生物活性的研究     

新型苯并吡喃黄酮的合成及其抗肿瘤活性

2,2-二甲基-8-乙酰基-7-羟基-5-甲氧基色满分别与对甲基苯甲酰氯,间氯苯甲酰氯和间三氟甲基苯甲酰氯经Baker-Venkataraman重排和关环反应合成了3个新型的苯并吡喃黄酮(3a~3c);1-(2″,4″-二甲氧基苯基)-3-(2',2'-二甲基-7'-羟基-5'-甲氧基色满-8')-1,3-二酮(4)分别与烯丙基溴,异戊烯基溴和碘甲烷经取代和关环反应合成了3个新型的3-烃基苯并吡喃黄酮(6a~6c)。3和6的结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和MS表征。采用MTT法和SRB法研究了3和6体外对人白血病细胞(K562)和人肺癌细胞(K549)的抗肿瘤活性。结果表明:2',4'-二甲氧基-2″,2″-二甲基-3″,4″-2H二氢吡喃-3-甲基-5″,6″:5,6-黄酮(6c)显示了较好的抗肿瘤活性。     

双锂试剂与6, 6-二烷基富烯的反应-取代茂钛，锆有机化合物的合成

研究了双锂试剂与6, 6-二烷基富烯反应的立体、结构效应。1, 4-丁基二锂、1, 6-己基二锂同6, 6-二甲基、6-甲基-6-乙基、6-甲基-6-正丙基和6, 6-五甲基富烯发生加成反应。对苯基二锂与6, 6-二甲基、6-甲基-6-乙基、6-甲基-6-正丁基和6, 6-四甲基、五甲基、六甲基富烯均进行α-攫氢反应, 但使6-甲基-6-正丙基富烯还原偶联。1, 2, 3, 4-四苯基-1, 4-二锂丁二烯-1, 3同6-甲基-6-正丙基、6, 6-五甲基富烯发生α-攫氢反应。讨论了上述反应的机理。由上述形成的取代环戊二烯基阴离子同CpTiCl~3, (CpTiCl~2)~2O, TiCl~4和ZrCl~4反应, 制得亚甲基桥联和烯基茂钛、锆化合物。     

新型螺双二氢茚二酚衍生物的合成

螺双二氢茚二酚(SPINOL)与N-溴代丁二酰亚胺经溴代反应制得6,6'-二溴-螺双二氢茚二酚(1);1与叔丁基二甲基硅基三氟甲磺酸(TBSOTf)经醚化反应得6,6'-二溴-7-羟基-7'-叔丁基二甲硅氧基-1,1'-螺二氢茚(2);SPINOL经羟基保护后与碘甲烷经双甲基化反应制得6,6'-二甲基-7,7'-双(1-甲氧甲氧基)-1,1'-螺二氢茚(4);4经脱保护后再与TBSOTf经醚化反应合成了6,6'-二甲基-7-羟基-7'-叔丁基二甲硅氧基-1,1'-螺二氢茚(6)。2和6为新化合物,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和HR-ESI-MS表征。     

Comparison of SCC-DFTB and NDDO-based semiempirical molecular orbital methods for organic molecules

Extensive testing of the SCC-DFTB method has been performed, permitting direct comparison to data available for NDDO-based semiempirical methods. For 34 diverse isomerizations of neutral molecules containing the elements C, H, N, and O, the mean absolute errors (MAE) for the enthalpy changes are 2.7, 3.2, 5.0, 5.1, and 7.2 kcal/mol from PDDG/PM3, B3LYP/6-31G(d), PM3, SCC-DFTB, and AM1, respectively. A more comprehensive test was then performed by computing heats of formation for 622 neutral, closed-shell H, C, N, and O-containing molecules; the MAE of 5.8 kcal/mol for SCC-DFTB is intermediate between AM1 (6.8 kcal/mol) and PM3 (4.4 kcal/mol) and significantly higher than for PDDG/PM3 (3.2 kcal/mol). Similarly, SCC-DFTB is found to be less accurate for heats of formation of ions and radicals; however, it is more accurate for conformational energetics and intermolecular interaction energies, though none of the methods perform well for hydrogen bonds with strengths under ca. 7 kcal/mol. SCC-DFTB and the NDDO methods all reproduce MP2/cc-pVTZ molecular geometries with average errors for bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles of only ca. 0.01 A, 1.5 degrees , and 3 degrees . Testing was also carried out for sulfur containing molecules; SCC-DFTB currently yields much less accurate heats of formation in this case than the NDDO-based methods due to the over-stabilization of molecules containing an SO bond.     

Ruthenium Catalyzed C−H Acylmethylation of N‐Arylphthalazine‐1,4‐diones with α‐Carbonyl Sulfoxonium Ylides: Highway to Diversely Functionalized Phthalazino‐fused Cinnolines

A direct ortho‐Csp²‐H acylmethylation of 2‐aryl‐2,3‐dihydrophthalazine‐1,4‐diones with α‐carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides is achieved through a Ru^II‐catalyzed C?H bond activation process. The protocol featured high functional group tolerance on the two substrates, including aryl‐, heteroaryl‐, and alkyl‐substituted α‐carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides. Thereafter, 2‐(ortho‐acylmethylaryl)‐2,3‐dihydrophthalazine‐1,4‐diones were used as potential starting materials for the expeditious synthesis of 6‐arylphthalazino[2,3‐a]cinnoline‐8,13‐diones and 5‐acyl‐5,6‐dihydrophthalazino[2,3‐a]cinnoline‐8,13‐diones under Lawesson's reagent and BF₃?OEt₂ mediated conditions, respectively. Of these, the BF₃?OEt₂‐mediated cyclization proceeded in DMSO as a solvent and a methylene source via dual C?C and C?N bond formations.     

Semiempirical computation of homolytic O-H bond dissociation energies of alcohols: comparison of the AM1 and PM3 methods

The heats of formation of various alcohols and alkoxy radicals were calculated using the AM1 and PM3 semiempirical methods, which were then used to calculate the bond dissociation energies of the alcohols. Both restricted Hartree-Fock (RHF) and unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF) calculations were performed to determine which technique was most applicable to the computation of bond dissociation energies within the semiempirical frameworks. It was determined that AM1/RHF calculations gave the most accurate results for O-H bond dissociation energies of alcohols. The effect of using configuration interaction calculations to calculate bond dissociation energies within the semiempirical framework was also examined.     

Heats of formation of organic molecules calculated from ab initio theory and a group equivalent scheme: Alkenes

A bond and group equivalent scheme that allows the calculation of heats of formation of alkenes from ab initio 6-31G* energies has been developed. For a group of 26 compounds, the root mean square (rms) error for the calculated heat of formation was 0.78 kcal/mol. Heats of formation have been predicted for an additional nine compounds for which the experimental values are either unknown or suspect. The heats of hydrogenation of barrelene and related compounds are discussed. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

New strategy for the construction of epoxy-bridged tetrahydropyran frameworks from trioxane precursors: application to a concise synthesis of a Riesling acetal

A simple one-pot method to prepare dioxabicyclo[2.2.1] heptane derivatives, from readily available 1,2,4-trioxane frameworks, under catalytic hydrogenation conditions over a platinum surface is reported. The overall transformation involves the hydrogenation of the double bond and a ring contraction rearrangement that presumably proceeds via a hydrogenolytic cleavage of the O-O bond and subsequent intramolecular ketalization. The strategy was successfully applied to the synthesis of a Riesling acetal.     

New Approaches to the Synthesis of 4‐(2‐Aminophenyl)‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐imidazol‐2‐ones and 3‐Ureidoindoles and a Study of Their Interconversion

3‐Alkyl/aryl‐3‐ureido‐1H,3H‐quinoline‐2,4‐diones ( 2 ) and 3a‐alkyl/aryl‐9b‐hydroxy‐3,3a,5,9b‐tetrahydro‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐c]quinoline‐2,4‐diones ( 3 ) react in boiling concentrated HCl to give 5‐alkyl/aryl‐4‐(2‐aminophenyl)‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐imidazol‐2‐ones ( 6 ). The same compounds were prepared by the same procedure from 2‐alkyl/aryl‐3‐ureido‐1H‐indoles ( 4 ), which were obtained from the reaction of 3‐alkyl/aryl‐3‐aminoquinoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐diones ( 1 ) with 1,3‐diphenylurea or by the transformation of 3a‐alkyl/aryl‐9b‐hydroxy‐3,3a,5,9b‐tetrahydro‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐c]quinoline‐2,4‐diones ( 3 ) and 5‐alkyl/aryl‐4‐(2‐aminophenyl)‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐imidazol‐2‐ones ( 6 ) in boiling AcOH. The latter were converted into 1,3‐bis[2‐(2‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazol‐4‐yl)phenyl]ureas ( 5 ) by treatment with triphosgene. All compounds were characterized by ¹H‐ and ¹³C‐NMR and IR spectroscopy, as well as atmospheric pressure chemical‐ionisation mass spectra.     

Mechanisms of the Knoevenagel hetero Diels-Alder sequence in multicomponent reactions to dihydropyrans: experimental and theoretical investigations into the role of water

The role of water in a multicomponent domino reaction (MCR) involving styrene, 2,4-pentanedione, and formaldehyde was studied. Whereas anhydrous conditions produced no reaction, the MCR successfully proceeded in the presence of water, affording the targeted dihydropyran derivatives with good yield. The mechanism of this MCR (Knoevenagel hetero Diels-Alder sequence) was studied with and without explicit water molecules using the SMD continuum solvation model in combination with the B3LYP density functional and the 6-311++G** basis set to compute the water and acetone (aprotic organic solvent) solution Gibbs free energies. In the Knoevenagel step, we found that water acted as a proton relay to favor the formation of more flexible six-membered ring transition state structures both in concerted (direct H(2)O elimination) and stepwise (keto-enol tautomerization and dehydration) pathways. The inclusion of a water molecule in our model resulted in a significant decrease (-8.5 kcal mol(-1)ΔG(water)(?)) of the direct water elimination activation barrier. Owing to the presence of water, all chemical steps involved in the MCR mechanism had activation free energies barriers lower than 39 kcal mol(-1) at 25 °C in aqueous solvent (<21 kcal mol(-1) ZPE corrected electronic energies barriers). Consequently, the MCR proceeded without the assistance of any catalyst.     

Mechanism of asymmetric hydrogenation of alpha-(acylamino)acrylic esters catalyzed by BINAP-ruthenium(II) diacetate

The mechanism of asymmetric hydrogenation of alpha-(acylamino)acrylic esters with Ru(CH(3)COO)(2)[(S)-binap] (BINAP = 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl), giving the S saturated products in >90% ee, has been investigated by means of a kinetic study, deuterium labeling experiments, isotope effect measurements, and NMR and X-ray analysis of certain Ru complexes. The hydrogenation in methanol under a low H2 pressure proceeds via a monohydride-unsaturate mechanism that involves the initial RuH formation followed by a reaction with an olefinic substrate. The migratory insertion in the enamide-RuH chelate complex occurs reversibly and endergonically in an exo manner, giving a five-membered metallacycle intermediate. The cleavage of the Ru-C bond is achieved with either H2 (major) or CH3OH (minor). Both of the pathways result in overall cis hydrogenation products. The hydrogen at C3 is mainly from an H2 molecule, and the C2 hydrogen is from another H2 or protic CH3OH. The major S and minor R enantiomers are produced via the same mechanism involving diastereomeric intermediates. The turnover rate is limited by the step of hydrogenolysis of a half-hydrogenated metallacyclic intermediate. The participation of two different hydrogen donor molecules is in contrast to the pairwise dihydrogenation using a single H2 molecule in the RhI-catalyzed reaction which occurs via a dihydride mechanism. In addition, the sense of asymmetric induction is opposite to that observed with S-BINAP-RhI catalysts. The origin of this phenomenon is interpreted in terms of stereocomplementary models of the enamide/metal chelate complexes. A series of model stoichiometric reactions mimicking the catalytic steps has indicated that most NMR-observable Ru complexes are not directly involved in the catalytic hydrogenation but are reservoirs of real catalytic complexes or even side products that retard the reaction.