胶束毛细管电泳在线推扫技术分离检测猪肉组织中痕量喹诺酮类药物

利用胶束毛细管电泳法结合在线推扫富集技术对组织中残留的痕量环丙沙星、氧氟沙星和恩诺沙星进行了检测, 弥补了毛细管电泳检测灵敏度低的缺点, 大大减化了操作过程, 为动物食品组织中残留的痕量药物检测提供了一种新的简便可靠的方法.     

化学发光色谱柱后检测技术及其应用

化学发光(chemiluminescence,CL)检测的最大特点是设备简单、分析速度快及灵敏度高,是一种有效的微量和痕量分析手段,已在环境科学、临床检验、药学、工业分析等领域得到广泛的应用[1～3]。但是,化学发光分析法也存在着选择性差的问题,从而限制了这一方法的应用范围。高灵敏度的CL检测手段与高分辨的高效液相色谱(HPLC)、毛细管电泳(CE)和微流控芯片等分离技术相结合,成为一种理想的分离分析方法,得到人们的广泛重视。20世纪80年代的毛细管电泳和90年代初微流控芯片的出现、分析仪器的微型化和进样量少的要求向科研人员提出了要解决…     

二茂铁修饰石墨粉-环氧树脂固态电极测定对苯二酚

对苯二酚为一种多酚类化合物,广泛用作显影剂、抑制剂、抗氧化剂和合成染料的原料等,同时也是具有较大毒性的有机污染物。因此,在环境和化工过程中,痕量对苯二酚的检测显得十分重要。痕量对苯二酚常用分光光度法[1]、荧光分析[2]、液相色谱[3]等方法检测。由于对苯二酚在普通电     

毛细管电泳脉冲伏安电化学分离检测胺类化合物

电化学检测高效毛细管电泳自 80年代末问世以来 ,已迅速发展为一种重要的分析方法 ,但是具有许多优点的现代电分析化学方法在毛细管电泳检测中的应用还不多 .扫描伏安电化学检测是继安培检测方法之后应用较多的一种方法 ,它除具有安培检测方法的优点外 ,还能得到被测物质的电流随电压变化的伏安特性 [1～ 5 ] ,但由于在电极电位的扫描过程中会产生较大的充电电流 ,进而影响检测的灵敏度和检出限 .脉冲安培检测可获得较高的灵敏度和低的检出限 ,并减少电极的污染 ,因而被应用于高效液相色谱 [6,7] 和毛细管电泳 [8,9] 中检测有机化合物 .目前…     

在线固相萃取-液相色谱-质谱法测定血液中9种局部麻醉药

<正>利多卡因、普鲁卡因、丁卡因、辛可卡因、苯唑卡因、普莫卡因、布比卡因、罗哌卡因和丙胺卡因等是当前临床麻醉手术中常用的局部麻醉药[1-2]。但随着局部麻醉药的滥用,其容易被犯罪分子利用,因此,在法庭科学检验中,常需检测血液中麻醉剂的成分,以确定案件的性质,为案件办理提供科学依据。局部麻醉药的测定方法有气相色谱法[3]、气相色谱-质谱法[4]、高效液相色谱法[5]、液相色谱-质谱法[6]、毛细管电泳法[7]和电化学法[8]等。上述方法     

杯[4]芳烃在毛细管电泳中的应用研究

最近,杯芳烃在分离科学中的应用研究激起了人们的很大兴趣．在液相色谱中,固载化的杯芳烃被用作固定相,对金属离子和氨基酸酯的盐酸盐进行了分离[1]．在气相色谱中,钟振林等[2]评价了主链含杯芳烃的聚硅氧烷作为毛细管固定相的性能．杯芳烃在毛细管电泳中的应用仅见1篇应用杯「6］芳烃的报道[3]．本文首次报道杯卜[4]芳烃在毛细管电泳中的应用．鉴于毛细管电泳一般在水介质中进行,本文合成了水溶性的磺化杯卜[4]芳烃,并将其作为毛细管电泳添加剂来分离硝基苯酚异构体,获得满意的结果．1仪器和试剂Spectra－Phoresis1000型毛细管电泳…     

组装法制备的敌百虫压电晶体传感器

敌百虫被广泛用作杀虫剂和驱蚊剂,过量使用不仅污染环境而且对人体健康不利,所以,控制其用量及检测其残留量是敌百虫使用过程中不可忽略的两个环节。到目前为止,检测敌百虫的手段主要有色谱法[1-3]、毛细管电泳法[4]、红外光谱法[5]等。这些方法相对费时费力和需要昂贵的设备。     

无机炸药爆炸残留物检测方法的研究进展

对常用的无机炸药爆炸残留物检测方法:离子色谱法、拉曼光谱法、毛细管电泳法、扫描电镜能谱法等方法进行了综述,分析了各种检测方法的应用特点,并针对当前法庭科学领域的应用需求,提出了无机炸药爆炸残留物检测方法的主要研究方向,旨在为无机炸药爆炸残留物的研究和侦查办案提供参考.     

多壁碳纳米管修饰金电极测定维生素B12

抗贫血药物维生素B12(VB12)俗称(氰)钴胺素,维生素B12是DNA合成的必需物质,若体内缺乏它,就会引起巨幼细胞贫血,高同型半胱氨酸血症和神经系统损害。因此,检测维生素B12可为血液系统和神经系统一些疾病的诊治提供依据[1],建立快捷简便的检测方法,在药物分析和医学检验中有应用价值。测定VB12的方法有高效液相色谱法[2]、荧光法[3]、毛细管电泳法[4]、伏安法[5]等。作者研究了VB12在碳纳米管修饰金电极上的电化学行为,并用以测定了VB12样品的含量,结果令人满意。1实验部分1.1仪器与试剂CHI618B电化学工作站(上海辰华仪器公司);KQ?400…     

痕量碱金属快速连续分析方法评述

对近年来国内外痕量碱金属的快速连续分析方法进行简要评述。内容主要涉及碱金属离子的离子色谱和毛细管电泳分析等，对分离和检测的原理、应用及发展现状进行了介绍。     

毛细管电泳在火炸药分析中的应用

综述了近年来毛细管电泳在火炸药领域的应用现状，包括各种分离模式、检测器以及毛细管电泳芯片的应用，并对该技术在火炸药分析中的应用前景作了展望，提出了新的发展方向。引用文献45篇。     

Applications of capillary electrophoresis on microchip

CE on microchip is an emerging separation technique that has attracted wide attention and gained considerable popularity. Because of miniaturization of the separation format, CE on chip typically offers shorter analysis time and lower reagent consumption with potential development of portable analytical instrumentation. This review with 143 references is focused on proteins and peptides analysis, DNA separation including fragment sizing, genotyping, mutation detection and sequencing, and also the analysis of low-molecular-weight compounds, namely explosive residues and warfare agents, pharmaceuticals and drugs of abuse, and various small molecules in body fluids.     

Efficient capillary electrophoresis separation and determination of free amino acids in beer samples

Simultaneous detection of various o‐phthalaldehyde (OPA)‐labeled amino acids (AAs) in food samples was reported based on CE separation. Ionic liquid was used for the first time for CE analysis of AAs with in‐capillary derivatization. Several other additives, including SDS, α/β‐CD, and ACN, as well as key parameters for CE separation (buffer pH value, separation voltage), were also investigated. Our results show that the multiple additive strategy exhibits good stable and repeatable character for CE analysis of OPA‐labeled AAs, for either in‐capillary derivatization or CE separation, and allows simultaneous quantification of different OPA‐labeled AAs in a large concentration range of 50 μM to 3.0 mM with LOD down to 10 μM. Seventeen OPA‐labeled AAs, except for two pairs of AAs (His/Gln and Phe/Leu), which were separated with resolutions of 1.1 and 1.2, respectively, were baseline separated and identified within 23 min using the present multiple additive strategy. The method was successfully applied for simultaneous analysis of AAs in seven beer samples and as many as eleven trace‐amount AAs were detected and quantified, indicating the valuable potential application of the present method for food analysis.     

Separation of cationic polymer particles and characterization of avidin-immobilized particles by capillary electrophoresis

Cationic polymer microparticles have received much attention especially in the field of biotechnology, such that their analysis and separation have become important. So far, the separation of cationic polymer particles with different size using CE has not been achieved and the cationic particles migrated as if they are negatively charged, probably due to electrostatic interaction between capillary wall and cationic polymer particles. In this paper, the separation of cationic polymer microparticles by CE was investigated in detail. The separation of cationic particles with different size was achieved in CE by taking into account the interaction between sample particles and the inner surface of capillaries. By employing a poly(vinyl alcohol)-coated capillary, a better size separation of amine-modified latex particles was obtained compared to a Polybrene-coated capillary. It was elucidated that the composition, concentration, and pH of the background solution were also important factors in the separation of colloidal particles to avoid the surface adsorption and the characteristic aggregation of polymer particles. Furthermore, the CE analysis was applied to the characterization of cationic protein-immobilized particles.     

Identification of inorganic ions in post‐blast explosive residues using portable CE instrumentation and capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection

Novel CE methods have been developed on portable instrumentation adapted to accommodate a capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector for the separation and sensitive detection of inorganic anions and cations in post‐blast explosive residues from homemade inorganic explosive devices. The methods presented combine sensitivity and speed of analysis for the wide range of inorganic ions used in this study. Separate methods were employed for the separation of anions and cations. The anion separation method utilised a low conductivity 70 mM Tris/70 mM CHES aqueous electrolyte (pH 8.6) with a 90 cm capillary coated with hexadimethrine bromide to reverse the EOF. Fifteen anions could be baseline separated in 7 min with detection limits in the range 27–240 μg/L. A selection of ten anions deemed most important in this application could be separated in 45 s on a shorter capillary (30.6 cm) using the same electrolyte. The cation separation method was performed on a 73 cm length of fused‐silica capillary using an electrolyte system composed of 10 mM histidine and 50 mM acetic acid, at pH 4.2. The addition of the complexants, 1 mM hydroxyisobutyric acid and 0.7 mM 18‐crown‐6 ether, enhanced selectivity and allowed the separation of eleven inorganic cations in under 7 min with detection limits in the range 31–240 μg/L. The developed methods were successfully field tested on post‐blast residues obtained from the controlled detonation of homemade explosive devices. Results were verified using ion chromatographic analyses of the same samples.     

Determination of Triton X-100 in influenza vaccine by high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis

Triton X-100 is applied to influenza vaccines at different stages of the manufacturing process to prevent aggregation and precipitation of biomolecules. Furthermore it is used to disintegrate the virus particles in split vaccine and to guarantee the homogeneity during production and utilisation. The final concentration of Triton X-100 has to be determined because the concentration changes in manufacturing process. The determination of the total amount of Triton X-100 as well as the separation of its ethylene oxide oligomers was possible with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE). In HPLC a change of the column and eluent was necessary, in CE different electrolytes were used for the various separation effects. The HPLC method for the analysis of total Triton was preferred for the quantification of Triton X-100 in influenza vaccine because of better linearity, reproducibility and detection sensitivity compared to CE. In the end products an average concentration of 0.117 mg/mL was found. Received: 19 December 1996 / Revised: 27 February 1997 / Accepted: 6 March 1997     

Contributions of capillary electrophoresis to neuroscience

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a small-volume separation approach amenable to the analysis of complex samples for their small molecule, peptide and protein content. A number of the features of CE make it a method of choice for addressing questions related to neurochemistry. The figures of merit inherent to CE that make it well suited for studying cell-to-cell and intracellular signaling include small sample volumes, high separation efficiency, the ability for online analyte concentration, and compatibility with sensitive and high-information content detection methods. A variety of instrumental aspects are detailed, including detection methods and sampling techniques that are particularly useful for the analysis of signaling molecules. Studies that have used these techniques to increase our understanding of neurobiology are emphasized throughout. One notable application is single neuron chemical analysis, a research area that has been greatly advanced by CE.     

Capillary electrophoresis coupled with in‐column fiber‐optic laser‐induced fluorescence detection for the rapid separation of neodymium

In this study, in‐column fiber‐optic (ICFO) laser‐induced fluorescence (LIF) detection technique is coupled with capillary electrophoresis (CE) for the rapid separation of neodymium for the first time. The effects of buffer concentration, buffer pH, and separation voltage on the CE behaviors, including electrophoretic efficiency and detection sensitivity, are investigated in detail. Under the optimal condition determined in this study (15 mM borate buffer, pH 10.50, separation voltage 24 kV), neodymium could be separated effectively from the neighboring lanthanides (praseodymium and samarium) within several minutes, and the limit of detection for neodymium is estimated to be at the ppt level. The ICFO‐LIF‐CE system assembled in this study exhibits unique performance characteristics such as low cost and flexibility. Meanwhile, the separation efficiency and detection sensitivity of the assembled CE system are comparable to or somewhat better than those obtained in the previous traditional CE systems, indicating the potential of the assembled CE system for practical applications in the fields of spent nuclear fuel analysis, nuclear waste disposal/treatment, and nuclear forensics.     

Capillary electrophoretic separation of toxic drugs using a polyacrylamide-coated capillary

Summary Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has recently become an attractive approach for the analysis of pharmaceuticals. In this study, capillary electrophoretic separation of anxiolytic drugs, including barbiturates and benzodiazepines, was carried out using polyacrylamide (PAA)-coated capillaries. The surface of the capillary inner wall was coated with a neutral layer, and separation was performed in the absence of electroosmotic flow (EOF). Both charged and neutral solutes were separated in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) above its critical micelle concentration (CMC) in the running buffer. This kind of CE method provided fast and efficient separation of a total of 24 kinds of toxic drugs in a mixture. In addition, the analysis of toxic drugs in body fluids was attempted after the sample preparation using liquid-liquid extraction or solid-phase microextraction (SPME).     

HPLC-fluorescence detection and MEKC-LIF detection for the study of amino acids and catecholamines labelled with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxyaldehyde

Naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxyaldehyde (NDA) is commonly used for detection of primary amines in conjunction with their separation with HPLC and CE. The fluorescence of the derivatives can be measured by a conventional fluorometer or via LIF. NDA is a reactive dye, which can replace o-phthaldehyde (OPA) and provides for derivatives which are considerably more stable than OPA derivatives. In addition, NDA can be used to derivatize primary amines at concentrations as low as 100 pM. In this work, HPLC/fluorescence and MEKC/LIF experiments were performed to separate/detect six neuroactive compounds, the amino acids, Gly, Glu, Asp, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the catecholamines, dopamine and noradrenaline. The two methods were compared in terms of performance of separation. The amino acids can be separated in HPLC in less than 30 min and an identical separation is obtained in CE using MEKC and lithium salts with greater resolution (the number of theoretical plates was approximately 5000 for HPLC and 200 000 for MEKC). The lowest detected concentration was in the range of 0.1 nM for CE/LIF. The presence of a high salt concentration does not affect the separation of the samples. Examples of the analysis of microdialysate samples as well as amino acids in Ringer's solution are presented.