共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
石墨烯的化学气相沉积生长与过程工程学研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
石墨烯作为由sp2杂化的碳原子键合而成的二维原子晶体,其独特的能带结构和优良的电学、热学和力学性质一直吸引着人们的广泛关注,并有望在未来的半导体工业中得到实际应用.然而,高质量石墨烯的大规模可控制备仍然存在着诸多挑战性的问题,也是石墨烯工业化应用的瓶颈所在.化学气相沉积(CVD)技术在大面积生长高质量石墨烯方面拥有独特的优势,已成为石墨烯生长领域的主流技术.我们近年来一直致力于发展石墨烯的CVD生长方法,通过对表面催化生长的基元步骤的设计与控制,实现了对石墨烯的结构和层数的有效调控,并形成了CVD生长的过程工程学指导思想.本文从对石墨烯的CVD生长机理的分析入手,系统介绍了我们开展的过程工程学研究,并对该领域的未来发展趋势以及所面临的机遇和挑战进行了简要的展望. 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
心血管疾病(Cardiovascular disease, CVD)是全球疾病致死的主要原因之一. 动脉粥样硬化(Atherosclerosis, AS)是引发各种CVD的首要危险因素, 其发生发展通常经历持续的慢性炎症过程. 因此, 及时高效地检测AS, 对于早期评估、 诊断和治疗CVD具有重要临床意义. 光学探针成像拥有极高的灵敏度和空间分辨率以及超快的信号采集处理速度, 被广泛应用于生物医学检测与成像. 本文综合评述了6种常见用于AS成像的光学探针, 涉及小分子荧光探针、 聚集诱导发光(Aggregate-induced emission, AIE)纳米探针、 量子点探针、 上转换纳米探针、 光声探针和多模态探针等; 并对各种探针的优缺点进行了分析比较. 在此基础上, 展望了光学探针在AS成像领域的发展前景, 并提出了相应建议. 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
8.
化学气相沉积法(CVD)制备的石墨烯薄膜具有质量高、均匀性好、层数可控且可放大等优点,近年来受到了学术界和工业界的广泛关注。在高温CVD生长过程中,除衬底表面的反应外,气相反应同样会影响石墨烯的生长行为和薄膜质量。本文将综述气相反应对CVD生长石墨烯的影响:首先对CVD体系内的气相传质过程和气相反应进行了详细讨论;随后系统介绍了基于气相调控提高石墨烯的结晶性、洁净度、畴区尺寸、层数和生长速度的相关策略及其机理;最后对气相反应影响CVD生长石墨烯的规律进行总结,并展望了未来可能的发展方向。 相似文献
9.
石墨烯由于具有奇异的电子性质而成为多个学科研究的热门材料,其在各个领域的潜在应用也逐渐被实现.而石墨烯工业化应用的前提之一是大面积高质量石墨烯的合成.在合成石墨烯的众多方法中,过渡金属表面化学气象沉积法(CVD)作为制备大面积高质量石墨烯的主要方法而被深入研究和广泛使用.作为二维晶体的石墨烯,其生长过程应该遵循经典的晶体生长理论,因此本文从经典的晶体生长理论出发,结合密度泛函理论(DFT)对石墨烯CVD生长过程的具体计算,来介绍石墨烯的微观生长机制.主要从三个方面系统地介绍了石墨烯的CVD生长机理:(1)石墨烯在金属催化剂表面的成核过程,包括二维碳团簇在金属平台和台阶附近的成核过程和成核速率,并据此提出石墨烯在成核生长过程中的种子生长法.(2)经典的Wulff构造理论在石墨烯CVD生长中的应用,通过研究不同石墨烯边界结构在金属表面的稳定性和边界能来获得不同催化剂金属表面石墨烯晶粒的平衡态形状或能量最低结构.(3)动力学Wulff构造理论在石墨烯生长中的应用,通过研究金属原子钝化石墨烯边的稳定结构和不同边界的生长过程来研究石墨烯的生长动力学.金属原子钝化的扶手型(armchair,AC)石墨烯边界的存在大大地降低了碳原子加入到边界形成六元环所需要克服的势垒,导致了AC石墨烯边界的生长速度较快最后消失,而留下生长较慢的锯齿型(zigzag,ZZ)石墨烯边界.以上在原子尺度上对石墨烯CVD生长过程中成核和连续生长过程的微观机制研究对实验上生长大面积高质量的石墨烯材料提供了有价值的理论参考. 相似文献
10.
以SBA-15为模板,二茂铁为碳源,利用化学气相沉积(CVD)法合成了Fe/CMK-5复合材料.用粉末X射线衍射、低温N2吸附、热重分析、透射电镜等对复合材料进行了表征.结果表明复合材料中碳以CMK-5结构存在,Fe颗粒均匀地分布在CMK-5的骨架中,通过调节CVD时间可改变Fe/CMK-5的结构参数.在pH值为11的缓冲溶液中研究了Fe/CMK-5系列复合材料对溶菌素(lysozyme)的吸附性能,考察了溶菌素在Fe/CMK-5孔道内部的结构稳定性以及在不同pH值溶液中的泄露量. 相似文献
11.
J.M. Gutirrez C. Gonzlez A. Maestro I. Sol C.M. Pey J. Nolla 《Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science》2008,13(4):245-251
Nano-emulsions, as non-equilibrium systems, present characteristics and properties which depend not only on composition but also on the preparation method. Although interest in nano-emulsions was developed since about 20 years ago, mainly for nanoparticle preparation, it is in the last years that direct applications of nano-emulsions in consumer products are being developed, mainly in pharmacy and cosmetics. These recent applications have made that studies on optimization methods for nano-emulsion preparation be a requirement. This review is focused on the most recent literature on developments of nano-emulsions as final application products and on the optimization of their preparation. 相似文献
12.
Chen Ruyan Lan Junming Yan Youqi Tao Can
Li Shijie
Song Liangbi 《Radiation Physics and Chemistry》1993,42(4-6):935-937A study on preparation of industrial glucoamylase irradiated by 60Co gamma-ray showed that an abvious change took place in the extraviolet absorption spectrum and the pH - value of the enzyme solution and the activity of the enzyme preparation was much more resistant to irradiation than that of microbes contained in the preparation. The result indicates that irradiated glucoamylase preparation is not only favourable to activity preservation but also is improved in the hygienic quality of products. A comparison of the various properties of irradiated enzyme preparation with those of unirradiated one has proved that irradiation does not change the normal application of glucoamylase preparation. 相似文献
13.
目前选煤厂煤质检测过程自动化程度低,采样与制样技术需要大量的人工参与。检测技术的落后直接影响数据的准确性从而对整个选煤厂生产过程控制与产品质量控制产生重要影响,直接关系选煤厂的经济效益。面对产业升级的需要,将先进的自动采制样技术引进煤炭生产经营企业是当务之急。机器人采制样系统包含:机械化采样与初制样技术、机器人精细化制样技术、煤炭快速检测技术、自动快速浮沉技术,为选煤厂提供了一种全自动采制检的新技术方案。 相似文献
14.
15.
脂质作为细胞膜和亚细胞膜的主要结构成分,在能量来源、细胞信号传导等多种生物学过程中发挥着重要作用。近年来,脂质分析受到越来越多的关注,其中色谱-质谱联用技术在脂质分析中占据主导地位。由于样品基质复杂,样品前处理有富集痕量物质和减少基质干扰的作用,成为脂质分析中的一个关键步骤。该文综述了近年来基于色谱-质谱联用技术的脂质分析中样品前处理技术的研究进展和应用,对各种样品前处理技术进行了阐述和总结。基于液相的萃取方法有液-液萃取和单一有机溶剂萃取。基于固相的萃取方法包括固相萃取和固相微萃取。场辅助萃取方法包括超临界流体萃取、加压流体萃取、微波辅助萃取和超声辅助萃取。此外,还介绍了在线联用样品前处理方法和用于活体分析的样品前处理方法。最后,对基于色谱-质谱联用的脂质分析样品前处理技术存在的问题及发展趋势进行了探讨。样品前处理技术的发展将提高脂质分析的灵敏度、选择性和分析速度。 相似文献
16.
Sample preparation turns out to be one of the important procedures in complex sample analysis by affecting the accuracy, selectivity, and sensitivity of analytical results. However, the majority of the conventional sample preparation techniques still suffer from time-consuming and labor-intensive operations. These shortcomings can be addressed by reforming the sample preparation process in a microfluidic manner. Inheriting the advantages of rapid, high efficiency, low consumption, and easy integration, microfluidic sample preparation techniques receive increasing attention, including microfluidic phases separation, microfluidic field-assisted extraction, microfluidic membrane separation, and microfluidic chemical conversion. This review overviews the progress of microfluidic sample preparation techniques in the last 3 years based on more than 100 references, we highlight the implementation of typical sample preparation methods in the formats of microfluidics. Furthermore, the challenges and outlooks of the application of microfluidic sample preparation techniques are discussed. 相似文献
17.
为了得到准确且分辨率高的X射线光电子能谱(XPS)数据,采用不同制样方法对不同类型的导电、不导电和混合粉末的测试结果进行了研究. 从图谱半峰宽、是否有荷电、真实性、制样效率和数据处理等方面阐述不同制样方法对测试结果的影响. 试验结果表明,对于导电和不导电粉末,粘取制样略优于铟片制样,其中使用碳导电胶带制样效果更好. 对于混合样品,Scotch双面胶带粘样后的测试结果优于其他3种制样方式. 此外,铟片制样可作为数据处理时荷电校正的参考方法. 相似文献
18.
Emeline Pouyet Anna Lluveras-Tenorio Austin Nevin Daniela Saviello Francesco Sette Marine Cotte 《Analytica chimica acta》2014
For more than a century, the analyses of painting fragments have been carried out mainly through the preparation of thick resin-embedded cross-sections. Taking into account the development of innovative micro-analytical imaging techniques, alternatives to this standard preparation method are considered. Consequently, dedicated efforts are required to develop preparation protocols limiting the risks of chemical interferences (solubilisation, reduction/oxidation or other reactions) which modify the sample during its preparation, as well as the risks of analytical interferences (overlap of detected signals coming from the sample and from materials used in the preparation). This study focuses particularly on the preparation of thin-sections (1–20 μm) for single or combined fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray 2D micro-analysis. A few strategies specially developed for the μFTIR analysis of painting cross-sections have already been reported and their potential extrapolation to the preparation of thin-sections is discussed. In addition, we propose two new specific methods: (i) the first is based on a free-embedding approach, ensuring a complete chemical and analytical neutrality. It is illustrated through application on polymeric design objects corpus; (ii) the second is based on a barrier coating approach which strengthens the sample and avoids the penetration of the resin into the sample. The barrier coating investigated is a silver chloride salt, an infrared transparent material, which remains malleable and soft after pellet compression, enabling microtoming. This last method was successfully applied to the preparation of a fragment from a gilded Chinese sculpture (15th C.) and was used to unravel a unique complex stratigraphy when combining μFTIR and μXRF. 相似文献
19.
Zirconia nanoparticles were synthesized via hydrothermal method without any additives. This work focuses on the effect of preparation conditions1 such as the precursor preparation condition and crystallization time of nanocrystallite in autoclave on the properties of as-prepared products. The results indicated that the amount of tetragonal zirconia varied with the preparation conditions. It increased with the increase of the concentration of KOH solution in precursor producing process and reduced with the prolongation of crystallization time. At the same time, the particle size and morphology were also affected by the preparation conditions. In addition, the self-assembled spindle- like aggregates were observed in present works. 相似文献