以葛根素为辣根过氧化物酶底物的新体系及其分析应用

以一种天然活性成分葛根素(Puerarin)为辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)底物建立了葛根素-辣根过氧化物酶-过氧化氢反应新体系. 在反应体系中 HRP 催化H₂O₂ 氧化葛根素(弱荧光)形成二聚体产物(强荧光), 该产物在315 nm 的激发光下能发射波长为478 nm的强荧光, 并且反应体系荧光强度增加与HRP量在一定浓度范围内呈线性相关. 根据此关系和竞争型免疫定量原理, 以兔布氏杆菌抗体为分析对象建立了基于葛根素的酶联荧光免疫传感分析新方法. 对葛根素性质的研究结果证实, 葛根素在空气中稳定、对温度稳定, 对H₂O₂＋HRP 敏感性优于传统底物如对羟基苯乙酸、Amplex Red和高香草酸. 优化了酶联荧光免疫传感分析方法的实验条件如HRP-BrAb 用量、温度等. 运用新体系测定了兔血清样品的布氏杆菌抗体, 该方法线性范围为1.3～120 ng/mL, 检测限为1.3 ng/mL (3σ), 相对标准偏差为3.8%.     

基于石英毛细管载体的血清甲胎蛋白灰度分析免疫检测法

以熔融石英毛细管为免疫分析载体材料,以肿瘤标志物甲胎蛋白(AFP)为模型蛋白,将AFP捕获抗体固定于毛细管,AFP和AFP的辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记抗体分别注入毛细管进行孵育,形成双抗体夹心结构.注入化学发光底物液后,HRP催化底物液发光,产生的光信号通过成像仪转化为图片.对图片进行灰度值分析,建立了血清甲胎蛋白的定量免疫分析检测法.当捕获抗体稀释倍数为100,酶标抗体稀释倍数为200,化学发光曝光时间为20 s时,本方法可在3.1～ 50 ng/mL浓度范围实现甲胎蛋白测定,检出限为2.7 ng/mL.对20例人血清临床实际样本进行检测,结果令人满意,加标回收率在96.0％～106.7％之间.本方法样本消耗少、材料简单、检测成本低、不依赖大型仪器、适用性广,具有较好的临床检验应用前景.     

2-氨基-3-羟基吡啶-过氧化氢-辣根过氧化物酶伏安酶联免疫体系分析人血清癌胚抗原

以氮杂环化合物为电化学分析底物的2-氨基-3-羟基吡啶-H2O2-辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)伏安酶联免疫体系测定人血清癌胚抗原(CEA).HRP催化H2O2氧化2-氨基-3-羟基吡啶的酶促反应产物,在缓冲液中-0.36 V处产生一个灵敏的伏安还原峰,借助此峰可以测定游离的HRP,进而可用于以HRP为标记物的酶联免疫分析.对酶促反应条件和测定条件的优化反应条件为:以B-R缓冲液(pH 6.0)为反应介质,在10 mL总反应液中含有1.0 mL 0.2 mol/L B-R缓冲液、3.0 mL 8.0 mmol/L 2-氨基-3-羟基吡啶溶液以及1.5 mL 0.5 mmol/L H2O2溶液,反应温度37 ℃,反应时间30 min.最佳测定条件为:B-R缓冲液(pH 7.0)为支持电解质,在10 mL总测定溶液中含有5 mL上述总反应液、1.0 mL 0.2 mol/L B-R缓冲液.测定仪器条件:起始电位0.00 V,终止电位-0.80 V,电位扫描速度400 mV/s,滴汞静止时间7 s.在最佳的反应条件和测定条件下,新体系测定游离HRP的线性范围为4.0×10-4～1.0 μg/L; 对HRP的检出限为0.12 ng/L.新体系对CEA测定的线性范围为0.50～80.0 μg/L; 检出限为0.50 μg/L.为经典ELISA法的检出限的1/10.     

OAP-H~2O~2-HRP伏安酶联免疫分析新体系测定人血清铁蛋白

首次提出邻氨基酚(OAP)-H~2O~2-辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)伏安酶联免疫分析新体系并用于人血清中铁蛋白的测定.本方法以线性扫描二阶导数伏安法栓测HRP催化H~2O~2氧化OAP的产物,用于游离HRP和各种HRP标记物的测定,灵敏度均高于经典的ELISA显色光度法.测定游HPR的线性范围为1.0x10^-^1^2-4.0x10^-^9g/mL,检测限达6.0x10^-^1^3g/mL.本法对铁蛋白测定的线性范围为0.2-320ng/mL,用所建立的方法对人血清样品进行了测定,并与现行的ELISA显色光度法进行对照,二者相关性很好.对此伏安酶联免疫分析新体系的电极还原过程也进行了详细的研究.     

基于纳米金与碳纳米管-纳米铂-壳聚糖纳米复合物固定癌胚抗原免疫传感器的研究

采用纳米金(nano-Au)、多壁碳纳米管-纳米铂-壳聚糖的纳米复合物(MWNT-Pt-CS)及电子媒介体硫堇(Th)固载抗体制得高灵敏癌胚抗原免疫传感器．首先, 于壳聚糖溶液中用NaBH4还原H2PtCl6, 并将多壁碳纳米管分散于其中制得碳纳米管-纳米铂-壳聚糖纳米复合物, 并将其滴涂在玻碳电极上成膜; 然后, 吸附电子媒介体硫堇制得硫堇/碳纳米管-纳米铂-壳聚糖(Th/MWNT-Pt-CS)修饰电极．利用壳聚糖和硫堇分子中大量的氨基固定纳米金并吸附癌胚抗体(anti-CEA); 最后, 用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)封闭活性位点从而制得高灵敏电流型免疫传感器．在优化的实验条件下, 该传感器响应的峰电流值与癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen)浓度在0.5～10和10～120 ng/mL的范围内保持良好的线性关系, 检测限为0.2 ng/mL．     

板式磁颗粒化学发光免疫分析测定人血清中糖类抗原125

在传统的板式化学发光免疫分析法和管式磁颗粒化学发光免疫分析法基础上,建立了人血清中糖类抗原125(CA125)的板式磁颗粒化学发光免疫分析方法.该方法以磁性微粒子作为分离固相,96孔板为反应容器,辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)催化H2O2-luminol化学发光体系作为检测体系.本法测定CA125的检测灵敏度可达2.0U/mL,线性范围为0～400U/mL.与常用的包被板化学发光免疫分析方法对比,该方法检测范围宽.与管式磁颗粒化化学发光法比较,其分析灵敏度与精密度高、线性范围、分析通量以及分析成本方面均显示了很好的优越性.采用该方法对人血清中CA125进行测定并与罗氏全自动电化学发光系统的测值结果进行了比对,两者显示了良好的相关性.     

基于酶催化沉积质量放大的压电免疫传感器的研究

提出了一种酶催化沉积质量放大的高灵敏压电免疫传感器. 采用1,6-二巯基己烷在石英晶振上自组装一单分子层, 再通过另一端巯基连接胶体金, 利用胶体金的高比表面积和强吸附作用力增加抗IgG抗体的固定量, 同时借助胶体金优良的生物亲和性保持抗IgG抗体的活性. 在H2O2存在下, 通过标记在抗人IgG抗体上的HRP酶催化底物DAB(3,3′-联苯二胺), 反应中生成的不溶性产物沉积到石英晶振的Au电极表面, 达到质量放大的目的. 结果表明, 检测人IgG在16 ng/mL-100 μg/mL范围内有很好的线性关系, 检测下限为10 ng/mL, 在用于实际试样的回收率测定中, 结果良好.     

基于砷和汞离子标记SiO2@Au纳米探针的超敏多元免疫分析方法研究

构建了一种基于As3+和Hg2+标记SiO2@Au复合纳米探针(NPs),以及氢化物发生-原子荧光(HGAFS)同时检测癌胚抗原(CEA)和糖蛋白19-9(CA 19-9)的超灵敏多元免疫分析方法。采用氨基化SiO2(核)@Au NPs(壳)分别吸附As3+和Hg2+,并标记CEA和CA 19-9的第二抗体(Ab2),由此获得了富As(或Hg)型信号探针(As(Hg)-SiO2@Au-Ab2)。基于夹心免疫分析方法,将两种信号探针和对应的抗原以及96孔板上一抗,在板底形成两种免疫复合物(Ab 1/Ag/As(Hg)-SiO2@Au-Ab2),利用HG-AFS同时检测As3+和Hg2+,其与CEA和CA 19-9的含量对数值成正比,可用于定量分析。此类探针不仅具有良好的分散性、还具有出色的信号放大效果。优化了探针合成和最佳反应条件,并对探针制备过程进行了表征。本方法与CEA和CA19-9分别在0.001~100μg/L和0.01~80 U/mL范围内呈线性关系,检出限分别为0.5 ng/L和0.005 U/mL(3σ),低于标准ELISA方法3个数量级。用于血清样品中CEA和CA 19-9同时检测,并与标准ELISA方法对照,结果一致。此免疫分析方法灵敏、简便、一次可实现多个肿瘤标志物检测,适合于基层卫生部门进行恶性肿瘤早期筛查。     

基于脂质体信号增强癌胚抗原电化学免疫传感器的研究

研究了在玻碳电极利用巯基乙胺固定纳米金、然后纳米金固载癌胚抗体(Ab1),采用脂质体包裹电子媒介体硫堇,脂质体周围联接标记辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)的癌胚抗体(Ab2)对其传感器进行信号放大,通过循环伏安法考察了该免疫传感器的电化学特性,在优化的实验条件下,该免疫传感器的峰电流随着检测溶液中癌胚抗原(CEA)浓度的增大而增大,并在0.05～200 ng/mL CEA范围内呈现线性关系,回归方程为:Δi=0.20+0.24ρ(ng/mL);检测限为:18pg/mL(R=0.9947)。该免疫传感器可用于临床上对CEA的检测。     

纳米金修饰电流型CA19-9免疫传感器的制备及应用

通过固定辣根过氧化酶（HRP）标记CA19-9抗体在纳米金修饰的碳糊电极制备了CA19-9安培免疫传感器。该免疫传感器在舍有CA19-9抗原的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中培育后,溶液中CA19-9抗原分子和HRP标记CA19-9抗体分子免疫结合导致了传感器电流的降低。在优化的实验条件下,样品中CA19-9浓度在2～30U／mL范围内与电流降低成线性关系,方法的检出限为1．4U／mL。该免疫传感器表现出较好的稳定性、准确性和重现性,为临床免疫分析提供了一种快速便捷方法。     

Determination of proteins at nanogram levels by their quenching effect on the chemiluminscence reaction between luminol and hydrogen peroxide with manganese-tetrasulfonatophthalocyanine as a new catalyst

The manganese-tetrasulfonatophthalocyanine (MnTSPc) catalyzed luminol-hydrogen peroxide chemiluminescence (CL) systems can be quenched in the presence of proteins. A highly sensitive CL quenching method has been developed for the determination of proteins. Under optimum conditions, the linear ranges of the calibration curves were 0.1-20 microg/mL for human serum albumin (HSA), 0.2-20 microg/mL for human gamma-IgG, and 0.5-50 microg/mL for the bovine serum albumin (BSA) with the corresponding detection limits were 1.9 ng/mL, 2.7 ng/mL, and 3.4 ng/mL. The method has been applied to the analysis of total proteins in human serum samples and the results were in good agreement with clinical data provided.     

Determination of catecholamines by ion chromatography coupled to acidic potassium permanganate chemiluminescence detection

A simple,fast,sensitive,highly selective and eco-friendly analytical method for the determination of catecholamines in human urine by ion chromatography（IC） with chemiluminescence（CL） detection was described in this paper.Using 12 mmol/L H₂SO₄ without any organic additive as eluent,three catecholamines including epinephrine（EP）,norepinephrine（NE） and dopamine（DA） were well separated on a cation-exchange column.The CL detection was based on the reaction of analytes with acidic potassium permanganate in the presence of formaldehyde as an enhancer.The absence of methanol and acetonitrile in eluent made the proposed method more sensitive and eco-friendly.Under the optimal conditions,the linear range of the proposed method was in the range of 0.02-0.5μg/mL.The limit of detection（LOD） was in the range of 0.6 and 5.1μg/L.The relative standard deviations （RSD） for 0.1μg/mL mixed standard solution were in the range of 0.8-1.9%（n = 11）.The method has been applied to the determination of catecholamines in human urine successfully.Excellent spiked recoveries were achieved for catecholamines ranged from 91.2%to 112.7%.     

A sensitive high performance liquid chromatography microassay for bemoradan, a novel cardiotonic agent, in plasma/serum using a semi-automatic liquid/solid extraction sample preparation system--AASP

A high performance liquid chromatographic method for the measurement of bemoradan levels in plasma/serum is described. This method uses Varian's AASP (Varian Associates, Sunnyvale, CA, USA), a semi-automatic liquid/solid extraction sample preparation system. It requires only small volumes of plasma/serum samples (0.2-1 mL) and needs no organic solvent for sample preparation. The mean recovery of bemoradan at plasma or serum concentrations of 0.5-100 ng/mL is 82%. The assay has a detection limit of 0.5 ng/mL (when 1 mL of plasma/serum is used) and is linear in the concentration range 0.5-500 ng/mL.     

Sensitive detection of tumor marker CA15-3 in human serum by capillary electrophoretic immunoassay with chemiluminescence detection

A new and sensitive non-competitive immunoassay (IA) for tumor marker carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) by CE coupling with ECL detection has been developed. This method is based on luminol-H(2)O(2 )reaction catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The optimum CE separation and CL detection conditions were investigated. After the non-competitive immunoreaction, the free HRP-labeled CA15-3 antibody (Ab*) and the bound Ab*-antigen (Ab*-Ag) complex were separated in a separation capillary and then catalyzed the CL reaction of luminol and H(2)O(2 )in a reaction capillary following the separation capillary. The calibration curve based on the peak areas of Ab*-Ag complex plotted against the concentrations of CA15-3 is in the range of 0-250 U/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9983 and the detection limit is 0.035 U/mL (S/N = 3). The response for five consecutive injections of 125 U/mL CA15-3 resulted in RSDs of 0.83% and 3.1% for the migration time and the peak area, respectively. The method was successfully used for the quantification of CA15-3 in human sera obtained from healthy persons and from patients with breast cancer.     

Sensitive Determination of Nanogram Levels of Diacerein in a Pharmaceutical Formulation by Flow Injection Chemiluminescence Analysis

A simple, sensitive and inexpensive flow injection chemiluminescence (FI‐CL) method for the determination of diacerein was proposed. It was based on the greatly enhancive effect of diacerein on the CL reaction between luminol and hydrogen peroxide in alkaline medium. The enhanced CL intensity was linear with the concentration of diacerein over the range 1.0–500 ng/mL with a detection limit (3σ) of 0.2 ng/mL. The relative standard deviation was 1.1% (n = 8, 20 ng/mL diacerein) and the sample throughput was about 120 samples h^?1. This simple method has been successfully applied for the determination of diacerein in a pharmaceutical formulation without interference from its potential impurities. The degradation of diacerein was also investigated briefly.     

高效液相色谱法测定消毒液中对氯间二甲苯酚的含量

建立高效液相色谱法测定消毒液和卫生护理用品中的对氯间二甲苯酚方法.采用Hypersil C18 ODS柱分离,流动相为甲醇- 0.5％乙酸水溶液(体积比为60∶40),流速为1.0 mL/min;用二极管阵列检测器,检测波长280nm.对氯间二甲苯酚在10～400 μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数...     

A monoclonal antibody-based ELISA for multiresidue determination of avermectins in milk

Due to the widespread use and potential toxicity of avermectins (AVMs), multi-residue monitoring of AVMs in edible tissues, especially in milk, has become increasingly important. With the aim of developing a broad-selective immunoassay for AVMs, a broad-specific monoclonal antibody (Mab) was raised. Based on this Mab, a homologous indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the rapid detection of AVMs in milk was developed. Under the optimized conditions, the IC?? values in assay buffer were estimated to be 3.05 ng/mL for abamectin, 13.10 ng/mL for ivermectin, 38.96 ng/mL for eprinomectin, 61.00 ng/mL for doramectin, 14.38 ng/mL for emamectin benzoate. Detection capability (CCβ) of the ELISA was less than 5 ng/mL and 2 ng/mL in milk samples prepared by simple dilution and solvent extraction, respectively. The optimized ELISA was used to quantify AVMs in milk samples spiked at different amounts. The mean recovery and coefficient of variation (CV) were 95.90% and 15.42%, respectively. The Mab-based ELISA achieved a great improvement in AVMs detection. Results proved this broad-selective ELISA would be useful for the multi-residue determination of AVMs in milk without purification process.     

毛细管电泳用于中药白鲜皮中生物碱的分析

建立了毛细管电泳同时分离白鲜皮中3种生物碱(胡芦巴碱、白鲜碱和胆碱)的的定量分析方法.以缓冲液H3BO3—Na2B4O7(pH=8.4,5 mmol/L)、添加剂3 mmol/L SDS和0.1%triton X-100为电泳运行液,24 kV为分离电压,分离在5 min内就可以快速完成.在230 nm检测波长处,3种组分的线性范围为:胡芦巴碱5～100μg/mL、白鲜碱5～75μg/mL、胆碱50～300μg/mL,检测限分别为1.4、1.4和16.0μg/mL.方法用于白鲜皮实际样品的测定,回收率范围在92.0%～101.0%之间。     

Gold nanoparticle-based immunoassay by using non-stripping chemiluminescence detection

A novel microplate-compatible chemiluminescence (CL) immunoassay has been developed for the determination of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) based on the luminol-AgNO(3)-gold nanoparticles CL system. Polystyrene microtiter plates were used for both immunoreactions and CL measurements. The primary antibody, goat-anti-human IgG, was first immobilized on polystyrene microwells. Then the antigen (human IgG) and the gold-labeled second antibody were connected to the microwells successively to form a sandwich-type immunocomplex. The gold label could trigger the reaction between luminol and AgNO(3), accompanied by light emission. Under the optimized conditions, the CL intensity of the system was linear with the logarithm of the concentration of human IgG in the range from 25 to 5000 ng mL(-1), with a detection limit of 12.8 ng mL(-1) ( approximately 80 pM) at a signal to noise ratio of three (S/N = 3). Compared with other reported CL immunoassay method based on gold labels, the proposed CL protocol avoids a strict stripping procedure or difficult to control synthesis processes, making the method more simple, time-saving and easily automated. The present CL method is promising for the determination of clinically important bioactive analytes.     

Rapid determination of subnanogram urapidil using flow injection enhancement chemiluminescence

A sensitive flow-injection (FI) chemiluminescence (CL) for the determination of urapidil is described in this paper. It is based on the enhancement effect of urapidil on the CL reaction between luminol and hydrogen peroxide. The increment of CL intensity is proportional to the concentration of urapidil in the range 0.1−10 ng/mL (R ²=0.9986), with a detection limit (3σ) of 0.03 ng/mL. The whole process, at a flow rate of 2.0 mL/min, including sampling and washing, could be completed in 0.5 min, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) at the concentration of 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 ng/mL was less than 3.0% (n = 5). The proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of urapidil in pharmaceutical preparation, human urine, and serum. The text was submitted by the authors in English.