银溶胶体系表面增强拉曼散射光谱的溶剂效应

研究了银溶胶体系表面增强拉曼散射光谱的溶剂效应,发现在不同的溶剂中,银溶胶的聚集状态不同,当胶粒带电荷时,溶剂还能影响分子在胶粒表面的吸附,溶剂通过改变胶粒的聚集状态及分子在胶粒上的吸附这两个因素影响银溶胶体系的SERS光谱。     

用电导法研究红细胞聚集-沉降现象

本文建立了一种测量红细胞聚集-沉降现象的电导法。并对所得的结果进行了理论分析,给出了描写红细胞聚集-沉降理象的I—t函数半经验公式,首次引入了描写红细胞聚集-沉降现象的聚集指数f_a(t)、沉降因子H(t)以及它们与时间的函数关系。     

布朗扩散系数对胶体聚集粒子簇大小动态标度影响的MonteC …

通过对胶体扩散控制聚集机理的ＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ模拟，表明粒子簇的布朗扩散系数与其大小和形状有关，粒子簇的大小分布可被标度、在微观或介观的层次上，揭示了表征粒子簇结构的几何形状因子在扩散控制聚集过程中对动态标度和粒子簇分布的影响。     

活性剂对轮古常渣Zeta电位的影响

通过ZetaPlus电位仪及90Plus粒度仪考察十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)、椰子胺(CA)及油酸(OA)对轮古常渣(LGAR)zeta电位、胶粒粒度以及胶粒间电性斥力位能的影响.结果表明,三种活性剂对沥青质具有解缔作用,能使LGAR四组分分布、胶粒Zeta电位、电量、胶粒粒度和胶粒间电性斥力位能发生明显的变化;随着SDS和CA浓度的增加,胶粒Zeta电位、电量和胶粒间电性斥力位能先增大后减小,胶粒粒度先减小后增大,极值分别在活性剂质量分数为0.7%(SDS)和0.5%(CA)处;随着OA浓度的增加,胶粒Zeta电位、电量和胶粒间电性斥力位能持续增加,胶粒粒度持续减小;渣油沥青质胶粒间电性斥力的大小,是抑制沥青质缔合的一个重要因素.     

系列双亲卟啉在水溶液及盐溶液中的不同聚集行为

分析了中性条件下在水溶液及盐溶液中系列双亲卟啉随其浓度连续变化的紫外-可见吸收光谱。结果表明,在中性条件下不同侧链取代基对双亲卟啉的聚集行为有很大影响,盐的加入导致卟啉的聚集形态发生改变,初步解释了影响卟啉聚集的原因。     

稀土离子(La3+,Ce3+,Tb3+,Y3+)对炎症及血小板聚集的影响

研究稀土离子(La3 ,Ce3 ,Tb3 ,Y3 )对炎症、血小板聚集及蛋白磷酸化的影响.采用二甲苯使小鼠耳部致炎,腹腔注射稀土离子,观察炎症的变化;利用血小板聚集仪观察稀土离子对血小板聚集的影响;用放射标记法测量稀土对血小板蛋白磷酸化程度的影响.结果表明,稀土离子在2.5×10-4mol·L-1·kg-1的注射剂量下,能显著加强炎症反应;1×10-3mol·L-1的轻稀土(La3 ,Ce3 )对由ADP诱导的血小板聚集有明显的抑制作用,而重稀土(Tb3 ,Y3 )有明显的促进作用;浓度在1×10-6～1×10-4mol·L-1时,轻、重稀土均可促进血小板蛋白磷酸化.稀土离子对炎症、血小板聚集及蛋白磷酸化的影响与稀土的种类和剂量有关.     

重力对溶液悬浮粒子聚集过程影响的布朗动力学模拟

采用布朗动力学的计算机模拟方法, 研究重力因素对于稀溶液中悬浮粒子聚集过程的影响. 通过在计算机模拟程序中加入和排除重力因素的影响, 对不同重力条件下的粒子团数量随时间的变化曲线进行对比研究, 得到了重力对溶液中的粒子团总数和不同大小的粒子团数量随时间变化的影响规律,可以总结为: 在聚集阶段初期,重力不影响粒子的聚集; 而在聚集阶段后期, 重力加快了粒子的聚集. 同时, 从动力学分析的角度出发, 对重力如何影响悬浮溶液中粒子聚集过程的机制也进行了更加深入的探讨.     

微乳胶粒的形成与表面活性剂的作用——粗粒化力场分子动力学模拟研究

从微观机理上研究表面活性剂对微乳胶粒形成的影响有利于推动微乳状液在各个领域的应用研究．本文采用分子动力学模拟方法研究了微乳胶粒的形成过程及表面活性剂对微乳胶粒形成的影响．正十二烷（C12H26）和十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）作为油分子和表面活性剂分子的模型,Martini粗粒化（coarse．grained,CG）力场描述分子间和分子内的相互作用,对含有不同浓度的正十二烷和表面活性剂的12个模型分别进行了100ns的分子动力学模拟．模拟结果显示,不含表面活性剂的体系迅速发生水油相分离,且分离过程伴随着势能的明显下降;含有表面活性剂的体系中,在相同时间内通过模拟得到了稳定的、表面活性剂分子包裹油分子的胶粒．对不同温度下模拟得到的数据分析发现,胶粒形成初期的动力学特征可以近似地表达为二级反应,聚集活化能为14．6kJ／mol．     

交联剂对无皂P(MMA-EA-MAA)种子聚合乳胶粒成孔的影响

采用完全无皂种子乳液聚合技术合成了粒径窄分布的P(MMA-EA-MAA)乳胶粒,通过对上述胶乳进行碱处理,制备出了具有空腔结构和多孔结构的聚合物乳胶粒,研究了交联剂的种类和用量对聚合过程、胶粒特性及胶粒结构形态的影响.结果表明,体系中加入交联剂后,单体转化率都有不同程度的提高;随交联剂用量的增加,乳胶粒粒径略有减小,交联剂用量较高时,乳胶粒粒径分布加宽;二乙烯基苯(DVB)的交联效率稍高于双甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGDMA);不加入交联剂及EGDMA用量低于0.5%时,处理后乳胶粒呈空腔结构,加入DVB及EGDMA用量高于1.0%时,处理后乳胶粒呈多孔结构,并且乳胶粒体积增量随交联剂用量的增加而减小.     

沉降对不同粒径聚苯乙烯胶乳球异向聚集的影响

R.Folkersma等报道了在微重力环境下2μm聚苯乙烯(PS)胶乳球的异向聚集速率有明显增大的结果，本文作者之一孙祉伟等的实验结果却与此有很大差异。为此作者在孙祉伟等的实验基础上对1,2,3μmPS以及1μm+2μmPS胶乳球混和体系的相对聚集速率进行了研究。作者对原有实验装置进行了改进，并验证了改进后的实验装置的可行性。用密度匹配法实现模拟微重力条件，用快聚集过程中浊度随时间的变化表示相对聚集速率。结果表明，重力引起的沉降对所研究体系聚集速率的影响是很小的，在实验误差范围内可以忽略。作者认为与Stein等结果显著不同的原因是二者使用的样品表面性质不同以及实验方法的差异。     

布朗扩散系数对胶体聚集粒子簇大小动态标度影响的Monte Carlo模拟研究

通过对胶体扩散控制聚集机理的MonteCarlo模拟,表明粒子簇的布朗扩散系数与其大小和形状有关,粒子簇的大小分布可被标度.在微观或介观的层次上,揭示了表征粒子簇结构的几何形状因子在扩散控制聚集过程中对动态标度和粒子簇分布的影响.     

布朗扩散系数对胶体分形粒子簇扩散控制聚集动力学影响的Monte Carlo模拟

使用表征粒子簇结构的几何形状因子,通过对扩散控制聚集过程的模拟,从微观或介观层次研究了粒子簇结构对粒子簇增长速率和速率常数的影响规律,并与实验结果进行了对比分析.     

原子簇离子产生的动力学方程与分布函数

由激光等离子体反应产生的原子簇分子与离子，经历了分子-离子反应的过程．本文尝试将Smoluchowski方程加以扩展，用于描述原子簇离子的生成过程．通过应用解析方法，求解不可逆聚合过程的动力学方程，推导出了原子簇离子统计分布的函数关系式，证实了实验中观察到的原子簇的统计分布规律．     

Heterogeneous condensation of the Lennard-Jones vapor onto a nanoscale seed particle

The heterogeneous condensation of a Lennard-Jones vapor onto a nanoscale seed particle is studied using molecular dynamics simulations. Measuring the nucleation rate and the height of the free energy barrier using the mean first passage time method shows that the presence of a weakly interacting seed has little effect on the work of forming very small cluster embryos but accelerates the rate by lowering the barrier for larger clusters. We suggest that this results from a competition between the energetic and entropic features of cluster formation in the bulk and at the heterogeneity. As the interaction is increased, the free energy of formation is reduced for all cluster sizes. We also develop a simple phenomenological model of film formation on a small seed that captures the general features of the nucleation process for small heterogeneities. A comparison of our simulation results with the model shows that heterogeneous classical nucleation theory provides a good estimate of the critical size of the film but significantly overestimates the size of the barrier.     

Orthokinetic Aggregation in Two Dimensions of Monodisperse and Bidisperse Colloidal Systems

Orthokinetic aggregation of colloids trapped at the air–liquid interface was studied by direct imaging in a couette cell. This method allowed us to follow the temporal evolution of both the cluster-mass distribution and the cluster structure at a shear rate where Brownian aggregation is suppressed. The interactions between the monodisperse latex particles floating at the air–liquid interface were controlled either by varying the electrolyte concentration or by creating a bidisperse system through the addition of small particles. The results show that the clusters in all of the systems are characterized by a high fractal dimension, indicating that the clusters are rearranged and densified by the shear. Kinetic analysis suggests that aggregation of monodisperse systems mainly proceeds through homogeneous aggregation, i.e., large clusters sticking to other large clusters. The bidisperse system, finally, with a size ratio around 10, favored a more heterogeneous aggregation among small and large clusters throughout the aggregation process; a slightly lower fractal dimension was observed compared to the strongly aggregated monodisperse system.     

Computer simulation of selective aggregation in binary colloids

The morphology of clusters formed by selective aggregation of binary colloids is studied in a two-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation for a large range of number fractions (200:1, 100:1, 10:1, 2:1). We find remarkable similarity in morphology to those observed in experiments, from the formation of closed "micelles" to large branched clusters. Quantitative studies of the fractal dimension, kinetics, and cluster size distribution are also carried out and compared with diffusion-limited cluster aggregation and reaction-limited cluster aggregation models.     

Activity coefficient of monomer in different aggregates of a surfactant solution: a Lattice Monte Carlo Study

In this paper, canonical lattice Monte Carlo simulation technique is used to derive cluster size distribution of a surfactant solution, by which activity coefficient of a monomer in solution and in the micellar phase is estimated. To do this, correlation of cluster concentration with the aggregation number is needed. The multiple equilibrium method is used to relate cluster size distribution to the activity coefficient. The introduced idea is not only applicable to the lattice model techniques, but also to any method that can produce cluster size distribution. The method can be used as a reference to test activity coefficient data of lattice-based equations of state. Results show that the activity coefficients of monomers in micellar aggregates are much greater than unity, in accordance with the experimental results.     

Synthesis and microstructure investigation of heterogeneous metal-plasma polymer Ag/HMDSO nanoparticles

Metal-polymer nanocomposites have gained increasing attention due to the wide potential applications field. Synthesis of nanoparticles from the gas phase is an intensively studied alternative to the chemical preparation methods. We present a one-step procedure that combines magnetron-based gas aggregation cluster source of silver nanoparticles and simultaneous plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO). The key parameter of the process, significantly influencing the morphology and microstructure of studied nanoparticles, was found to be the amount of HMDSO added to the deposition chamber as witnessed by small angle X-ray scattering and X-ray diffraction methods combined with transmission electron microscopy and UV–Vis spectrophotometry. The presence of HMDSO in the chamber leads to changes in the size distribution and also in the architecture of prepared nanoparticles. The increasing amount of HMDSO induces the formation of individual core-shell nanoparticles, chains of core-shell nanoparticles, and for the highest concentration of HMDSO, the synthesis of multi-core-shell nanoparticles. The size of crystallites in the silver cores of nanoparticles decreases with addition of HMDSO, which prevents further aggregation.     

Flow ultramicroscopic study of interparticle interaction in suspensions and kinetics of reversible aggregation

The kinetics of coagulation leading, in the long run, to the establishment of the aggregation equilibrium is studied by the flow ultramicroscopy method with allowance for the probability of aggregate formation and disintegration. The case of a slight aggregation is considered when the doublet-to-singlet concentration ratio in a disperse system is low. An equation characterizing the time dependence of the average sizes of aggregates is derived. The equation is analyzed and methods are proposed for determining the repulsive barrier and the depth of the energy minimum characterizing the potential of interparticle pair interaction from experimental data on coagulation kinetics. The case of long-range coagulation is investigated. The effects of particle size, Hamaker’s constant, and electrolyte concentration in a dispersion medium on the probability of disaggregation are estimated in terms of the theory of surface forces. Limits of the flow microscopy method in the determination of the secondary energy minimum value are considered.