气相色谱法测定广藿香油中百秋李醇含量

建立了气相色谱仪测定广藿香油中百秋李醇含量的方法。用毛细管色谱柱DB-5MS（30m×O．32mm．0．25μm）,正十八烷为内标,氢火焰离子化检测器进行检测,内标法定量。百秋李醇含量在0．2-2．0mg／mL范围内,百秋李醇峰面积和内标物峰面积之比与百秋李醇质量浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0．9997。方法的检出限为1μg／mL,加标回收率为90．0％～100．6％,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1．22％（n=6）。研究表明,本法简便、快速、测定结果准确可靠,精密度优于外标法。     

毛细管气相色谱内标法测定防霉剂中丙酸

建立了以巴豆酸为内标物,用毛细管气相色谱快速测定防霉剂中丙酸含量的方法.样品用乙酸乙酯提取,以DM-FFAP毛细管柱分离,火焰离子化检测器检测.结果表明,在0.5-5.0 mg/mL浓度范围内,丙酸和巴豆酸的质量浓度比与峰面积比的回归方程为y=0.0101 0.7774x,相关系数r=0.9996,检出限为5.0 mg/L;样品加标回收率(n=6)为91.7%-99.9%,相对标准偏差为3.09%.该方法简单、快速、准确,可用于测定防霉剂中的丙酸含量.     

衍生化气相色谱法测定早强剂中三乙醇胺含量

建立了衍生化气相色谱法定量分析水泥早强剂中三乙醇胺含量的方法。以丙三醇作为内标,采用HP-5毛细管柱分离样品,氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)测定三乙醇胺含量。三乙醇胺在0.2～5.0mg/mL范围内与三乙醇胺/内标的乙酰化物色谱峰面积的比值呈线性关系,相关系数r=0.9996。方法检出限为42.6μg/mL,平均回收率为96.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.759%。该方法具有操作简便、快速、准确等优点,可用于测定水泥早强剂中三乙醇胺的含量。     

Determination of Atenolol in Pharmaceutical Preparations by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization and Mass Spectrometric Detection

The present work describes the methodology and validation of gas chromatography with flame ionization (FID) and mass spectrometric (MS) detection after derivatization with N-Methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) for determination of atenolol with an internal standard (metoprolol) in pharmaceutical preparations. The linearity was established over the concentration range of 0.5–20 μg/mL for GC/FID and 12.5–500 ng/mL for GC/MS method. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviation was less than 4.72 and 5.80%, respectively. Limit of quantification was determined as 500 ng/mL and 12.5 ng/mL for GC/FID and GC/MS, respectively. No interference was found from tablet excipients at the selected assay conditions. Developed GC/FID and GC/MS methods in this study are accurate, sensitive, and precise and can be easily applied to Tensinor tablet as pharmaceutical preparation.     

毛细管气相色谱法测定医用可吸收结扎夹单体乙交酯

建立内标-气相色谱法定性定量分析医用可吸收结扎夹中乙交酯单体残留的方法。以六氟异丙醇为溶剂,在磁力搅拌下充分溶解样品。采用HP-5毛细管柱(30 m×0.32 mm,0.25μm)为分离柱,检测器为FID。进样口温度为180℃,检测器温度为300℃;采用程序升温,起始温度为80℃,以10℃/min升至170℃,保持2 min。在选择的色谱条件下,乙交酯和内标物癸内酯得到良好的分离。乙交酯线性范围为0.03~0.15 mg/mL,线性相关系数r=0.9991,检出限为0.903μg/mL。测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.06%(n=6),加标回收率为92.5%~112.7%。该方法样品前处理简单,重现性好,分离效率高,可作为医用可吸收结扎夹残留乙交酯单体的质量控制方法。     

Quantification of total cholesterol in human milk by gas chromatography

Human milk provides the key nutrients necessary for infant growth and development. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a method to analyze the cholesterol content in liquid human milk samples along lactation. Direct saponification of the sample using ethanolic potassium hydroxide solution under cold conditions was applied and unsaponifiable matter was separated by centrifugation. Cholesterol was converted into its trimethylsilyl ether and the derivative analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector. Cholesterol was quantified using epicoprostanol as internal standard. The method is suitable for the determination of cholesterol in only 0.3 g of human milk. It has been validated showing good repeatability (CV(r) < 15%) and intermediate reproducibility (CV(iR) < 15%). The method was used to analyze human milk obtained from five mothers collected at day 30(±3), 60 (±3) and 120 (±3) after delivery. The cholesterol content in human milk slightly decreased from 13.1 mg/100 g at 1 month to 11.3 mg/100 g 120 days after delivery. The method can also be used to determine desmosterol, an intermediate in cholesterol synthesis.     

Qualitative and quantitative determination of extractives in heartwood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) by gas chromatography

A method for quantitative determination of extractives from heartwood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) using gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection (FID) was developed. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.03 mg/g wood and the linear range (r = 0.9994) was up to 10 mg/g with accuracy within +/- 10% and precision of 18% relative standard deviation. The identification of the extractives was performed using gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The yields of extraction by Soxhlet were tested for solid wood, small particles and fine powder. Small particles were chosen for further analysis. This treatment gave good yields of the most important extractives: pinosylvin, pinosylvin monomethyl ether, resin acids and free fatty acids. The method is used to demonstrate the variation of these extractives across stems and differences in north-south direction.     

顶空-气相色谱法测定葡萄糖氯化钠注射液中12种溶剂残留量

建立顶空-气相色谱法测定葡萄糖氯化钠注射液中12种残留溶剂含量的方法。采用HP-INNOWAX毛细管色谱柱(60 m×320μm,0.5μm)为分离柱,检测器为氢火焰离子化检测器(FID),柱温为程序升温。12种残留溶剂乙醇、异丙醇、丙酮、丁酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸正丙酯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯均能完全分离,在考察的浓度范围内线性关系良好(r>0.995),检出限分别为0.055,0.019,0.023,0.070,0.155,0.013,0.003,0.009,0.004,0.004,0.004,0.005μg/mL。平均回收率为90.6%~109.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.2%~5.6%(n=9)。该方法专属性强,精密度、准确度和检测灵敏度高,重复性好,可用于葡萄糖氯化钠注射液中12种溶剂残留量的测定。     

测定鸡蛋胆固醇的高效液相色谱新方法

报道了测定鸡蛋蛋黄胆固醇含量的一种改进方法。蛋黄以水稀释后直接以乙醚和石油醚萃取,采用ＺｏｒｂａｘＯＤＳ反相色谱柱（０．４６ｃｍ×１５ｃｍ,５～６μｍ）,以乙腈－异丙醇（４∶１,Ｖ／Ｖ）为流动相,流速０．６ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ,检测波长２０８ｎｍ。在此色谱条件下,胆固醇含量与色谱峰高呈良好的线性关系,线性范围在０．０５～０．４０ｇ／Ｌ（ｒ＝０．９９９３）之间,最小检测量为０．０２ｇ／Ｌ。用于蛋黄胆固醇分析,样品无须皂化便可直接定量,简便、快速、重现性好。     

Determination of guaiphenesin and sodium benzoate in Liqufruta garlic cough medicine by high performance liquid chromatography

A new and simple isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic method with ultraviolet detection is described for simultaneous determination of active guaiphenesin and preservative sodium benzoate in Liqufruta garlic cough medicine formulation. The chromatographic separation was achieved using a Zorbax CN; 150 mm × 4.6 mm and 5 μm particle size column employing acetonitrile and water (20: 80, v/v) containing 0.1% formic acid (pH 3.5 ± 0.05) as the mobile phase. The method was validated with respect to linearity, range, precision, accuracy, specificity, limit of detection and limit of quantitation. The both analytes were detected by UV-Vis detector at 245 nm. The method was linear over the concentration range of 0.2–0.8 mg/mL and 0.02–0.06 mg/mL for guaiphenesin and sodium benzoate, respectively. The limit of detection was found to be 0.14 μg/mL for GP and 0.06 μg/mL for SB and the quantification limit was 0.54 μg/mL for GP and 0.22 for SB. Accuracy, evaluated as recovery, was in the range of 97.8–100.0%. Intra-day precision and intermediate precision showed relative standard deviation <1% in each case.     

顶空气相色谱法测定羧甲基壳聚糖中氯乙酸残留量

采用顶空气相色谱法间接测定了羧甲基壳聚糖中氯乙酸的残留量。样品(0.2g)于顶空瓶中超声溶解在水3mL中,加入甲醇2.5mL,硫酸1.5mL,在70℃水浴反应40min使之酯化。按顶空条件进样,用HP-INNOWAX毛细管色谱柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器测定。分别选择15min和85℃作为样品在顶空瓶中的平衡时间和平衡温度。氯乙酸的质量在0.2～20mg范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为5.6mg·L-1。方法用于实样中氯乙酸的测定,用标准加入法做回收试验,测得回收率在90.0%～92.0%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.7%～0.9%之间。     

原子荧光光谱法测定铜合金中铋元素含量方法改进

基于原子荧光光谱法测定铋元素时检出限低、测定结果稳定且准确等优点,研究原子荧光光谱法测定铜合金中铋元素含量的方法。在标准系列中加入相近浓度的铜元素标准溶液,原子荧光光谱法测定铜合金中铋元素含量。称取0.1 g样品,加入10 mL硝酸溶解,10%硫脲-5%抗坏血酸溶液7.5 mL预处理样品。在20μg/L的铋标准溶液中加入6 mL浓度为1000μg/mL的铜元素标准溶液。结果表明:在0~20μg/L范围内,该方法线性关系良好,线性方程为I=138.1670c+43.8572,相关系数为0.9996,所测定的样品中铋元素含量的相对误差在-4.3%~7.7%之间,精密度在0.4%~4.7%之间。原子荧光光谱法可作为铜合金中铋元素含量测定的方法。     

顶空毛细管气相色谱法测定吡虫啉中的丁酮

采用顶空毛细管气相色谱法测定吡虫啉中的丁酮残留量。样品经二氯甲烷溶解,用HP–5毛细管色谱柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测,顶空平衡温度为70℃,平衡时间为10 min,以外标法计算含量。丁酮的质量浓度在2.0~510.0μg/m L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r=0.999 7,方法的检出限为0.5μg/m L,样品3个水平的加标回收率为99.4%~102.1%,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于3.0%(n=5)。该方法简便快速,准确可靠,可用于吡虫啉产品的质量控制。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定香烟烟气中苯酚

建立毛细管气相色谱法(FID)测定香烟烟气中苯酚含量的方法。用5 mL磷酸三丁酯–三乙酸甘油酯混合液(体积比为1∶150)为吸收剂收集香烟烟气中苯酚,用毛细管气相色谱法(FID)测定烟气吸收液中苯酚含量。苯酚的质量浓度在1.6~160 mg/L的范围内与色谱峰峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r=0.999 5,方法的检出限为0.2 mg/L。加标回收率在91%~107%之间,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.1%~4.3%(n=5)。该方法简单可行,可以满足烟气中苯酚含量的分析要求。     

气相色谱测定食品中丙酸及其盐类

建立了气相色谱测定食品中丙酸及丙酸盐的分析方法。针对含油脂和不含油脂的食品，分别建立了脱脂提取法和直接提取法。考察不同pH值对丙酸溶解性和加标回收率的影响，通过对净化条件、pH值、提取剂的种类和提取次数等条件的优化，确定最佳处理条件为：样品加盐酸溶液调节pH ≤ 2，用5 mL正己烷脱脂，用5 mL乙酸乙酯提取2次，合并提取液，使用HP-INNOWAX毛细管色谱柱对丙酸进行分离，用氢火焰离子化检测器检测，外标法定量。结果表明，使用脱脂提取法得到丙酸的回收率为87.5%~97.6%，相对标准偏差为3.09%~6.86%（n=6）；使用直接提取法得到丙酸的平均回收率为90.1%~102.1%，相对标准偏差为3.32%~6.33%（n=6）。两种方法的线性范围为2~1000 mg/L（相关系数为0.9998），检出限为0.003 g/kg，定量限为0.01 g/kg。方法适用于多种食品中丙酸的检测，具有准确、快速、简便、灵敏度高等优点，为食品中丙酸含量的测定提供了新途径。     

衍生化气相色谱法测定盐酸芬氟拉明片的纯度

 应用衍生化气相色谱法测定盐酸芬氟拉明片的纯度。样品溶解后经碱化乙酸乙酯提取 ,以盐酸美西律作内标 ,提取液用三氟乙酸酐进行酰化衍生化 ,衍生化产物在 5 %SE 30的色谱柱上分析 ,用氢火焰离子化检测器 (FID)检测。实验结果表明 ,芬氟拉明的质量浓度在 0 1g/L～ 0 5 g/L范围内线性良好 (r =0 9996 ) ;芬氟拉明与内标美西律的分离度大于 4;理论塔板数以芬氟拉明峰计大于 2 0 0 0 ;方法的精密度好 ,相对标准偏差 (RSD)为 1 4% (n=7) ;平均回收率为 (10 0 2± 2 2 ) % (n =6 ) ;检测限为 8ng。用该方法得到的结果灵敏、准确、重复性好。     

Determination of cholesterol in human hair using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

This work describes a sensitive method for determining cholesterol in human hair using GC-MS. In this study, we used a very small amount of hair, only 1 mg, to quantify cholesterol. We also can achieve more effective purification and a good recovery over 92% with solid-phase extraction using an Oasis HLB cartridge. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy values were less than 7.08%. Cholesterol was determined to be in the range of 355-1693 microg/g in healthy human hair. We tested the concentration correlation between the serum and hair to examine the feasibility of using the hair cholesterol level as an index of the serum cholesterol level. The correlation between the serum cholesterol was 0.86 (r-value) in patients with hypercholesterolemia. This finding indicates that, in the clinical field, hair could replace serum in cholesterol level measurement.     

A new LC/APCI-MS method for the determination of cholesterol oxidation products in food

Cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) can be formed in the body or in animal foods from cholesterol during food processing. A new method for the extraction and quantification of cholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol, cholestane-3beta-5alpha-6beta-triol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, 5,6alpha-epoxycholesterol, and 7beta-hydroxycholesterol by means of reversed-phase LC/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry is presented. A baseline separation of all COPs was achieved, allowing a separate quantification also for isobaric compounds. The limits of detection were 15-30 ng/mL, quantification was performed from 100 ng/mL to 10 microg/mL with RSD < 2%. The method was applied successfully to the determination of cholesterol and COPs in processed foods such as pork, beef, chicken, and egg.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定锌合金中镁

建立火焰原子吸收光谱法测定锌合金中镁含量。选用10 mL盐酸溶液(1+1)溶解样品,加入5 mL质量浓度为100 g/L的LaCl3溶液,以消除铝对镁的化学干扰,在选定的仪器工作条件下进行测定。结果表明,镁的质量浓度在0~1.238 mg/L范围内与与吸光度具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 4,线性方程为Y=1.086 4X+0.018 5,方法测定下限为0.010 mg/L。样品测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.61%~3.45%(n=6),加标回收率为91.3%~94.7%。该方法准确度高,精密度好,满足锌合金中镁含量的日常检测要求。     

高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法测定血清中胆固醇及其6种代谢标志物

利用高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱（HPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS）测定血清中的胆固醇及其6种代谢标志物（2,4-脱氢胆甾醇、7-烯胆甾醇、菜油固醇、豆固醇、β-谷固醇和角鲨烯）。以乙腈作为提取溶剂,超声提取,采用Acquity UPLC BEH C₁₈色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm）,以95%（v/v）的甲醇-乙腈（2：8,v/v）-5%（v/v）水做流动相,等度洗脱15 min,流速0.4 mL/min。在大气压化学电离源（APCI）正离子扫描模式下,质谱采用全扫描/数据依赖二级扫描（Full MS/dd MS²）监测模式,同时获得定性和定量结果,一级分辨率为70000 FWHM,二级分辨率为17500 FWHM。7种目标物质在其线性范围内的线性相关系数（r²）均不小于0.992,检出限为0.8~62.1 μg/L,3个加标水平下的回收率为82.1%~97.5%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.6%~7.4%。方法准确、简单、快捷,可以作为血清中胆固醇及其6种代谢标志物的检测方法。