铝纳米粒子表面引发聚合制备核壳纳米结构

利用硅烷偶联剂引发法制备核壳结构金属铝纳米粒子(Al NPs)@聚合物, 并研究了聚合反应时间和单体浓度对核壳结构尺寸的影响. 首先合成了硅烷偶联引发剂{2-溴-2-甲基-[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基]丙酰胺}, 并通过在甲苯中回流的方法, 将其锚定在金属铝纳米粒子表面. 然后, 在粒子表面引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯的原子转移自由基聚合, 形成聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)壳层. 通过核磁共振波谱仪(NMR)和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪 (FTIR)证明了引发剂和PMMA的成功接枝. 透射电子显微镜(TEM)图像表明, PMMA改性后的金属铝纳米粒子的尺寸和形貌基本不变, 且被厚度约为15 nm聚合物壳层完整均匀地包覆. 此外, 利用动态光散射(DLS)进一步揭示了聚合时间和单体浓度对核壳结构水合直径(D_h)的影响, 发现延长聚合时间或增加单体浓度均可显著提高核壳结构尺寸.     

核壳结构三元含氟丙烯酸酯乳液的制备及表征

以甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯(Actyflon-G03)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为原料,采用质量比为 1/1 的 OP-10/SDS 复合乳化荆,利用种子乳液聚合法,合成了核壳结构共聚物乳液.研究了温度对聚合反应、氟单体含量对聚合物膜吸水性及硬度的影响,采用 DSC、SEM-EDX、TEM 表征了共聚物膜的性能及乳胶粒子特征.结果表明:当 Actyflon-G03 含量为 23.28%时,核壳型结构粒子呈球形分布,粒径约为 80～110 nm,膜吸水率最低,硬度最高,并有 75.85%的最大转化率和 0.58%的最低凝胶率.SEM-EDX 分析显示,氟原子在成膜过程中向膜表面迁移,降低了膜的表面能.     

含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物表面性能的稳定化研究

为提高传统含氟丙烯酸酯乳胶膜表面性能的稳定性,以γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPS)作为可交联单体,采用细乳液聚合法合成了MPS改性的含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物,利用DLS、TEM、IR对聚合物进行表征,研究了MPS对合成乳液的稳定性、涂膜性能和膜表面接触角稳定性的影响。结果表明,细乳液聚合法适合用于对水敏感单体的聚合,合成的纯丙烯酸酯乳胶为球形结构,平均粒径为92 nm,而氟丙乳胶和含3%MPS的含硅氟丙乳胶形成了典型的核壳结构,平均粒径分别增大至107 nm和103 nm,含硅氟丙聚合物中存在Si-O-Si的交联结构。涂膜性能测试表明,MPS的引入增加了共聚物膜的硬度、耐溶剂性和耐水性。接触角测试表明,随MPS用量的增加,乳胶膜对水的初始接触角和动态接触角随时间的降低值均呈先增大后减小的趋势,共聚体系中加入适量MPS,通过含氟链段与MPS链段的协同作用,可显著提高涂膜表面性能的稳定性。     

硅烷改性含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液

利用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)水解和长链烷基三甲氧基硅烷(WD-10)的硅烷偶联剂作用,以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)和甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(DFMA)为原料的核壳型含氟丙烯酸酯聚合物乳液进行原位复合改性。通过XRD、FTIR、SEM-EDX、TEM、RGD、DSC、NMR等测试技术分析和讨论了合成的聚合物乳液的乳胶粒子结构和形态,以及TEOS和WD-10含量对改性的聚合物乳液稳定性和对聚合物成膜性的影响。结果表明,TEOS水解产生了S iO2,核壳型结构粒子基本呈现圆形分布,粒径为40~50 nm。TEOS的最佳质量分数为3.1%~3.8%,WD-10含量宜控制在TEOS质量分数为0.9%~0.95%之间。     

PMMA纳米球的制备及其银膜包覆技术

采用无皂乳液聚合法制备了单分散、直径为170 nm左右的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)纳米球, 然后利用3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MATS)和3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPTMS)对PMMA纳米球进行表面改性, 在其表面包覆一层均匀的巯基, 通过巯基与银离子之间的相互作用, 使银在PMMA纳米球表面成核长大, 从而合成PMMA/Ag纳米球壳粒子. 通过扫描电子显微镜、投射电子显微镜和紫外-可见吸收光谱测试技术对产物性能进行了表征, 研究结果表明, 制备的PMMA/Ag纳米球壳粒子的分散性好、包覆均匀.     

亚微米级聚苯乙烯/聚硅氧烷核壳粒子的制备及其应用

以乳液聚合制备的聚苯乙烯乳液为种子,加入甲基三甲氧基硅烷(MTMS)水解溶液进行缩聚反应,合成亚微米级聚苯乙烯/聚硅氧烷核壳粒子,并以此作为光散射剂添加至聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)树脂中,制备了光散射材料;考察了亚微米级核壳粒子添加在PMMA树脂中的分散性。结果表明:经过双螺杆剪切作用的挤出加工后,可以实现核壳粒子在PMMA树脂中的良好分散。核壳粒子可以大幅度提高PMMA的雾度,当聚苯乙烯/聚硅氧烷核壳粒子(NS82)的含量为1%时,制得的PMMA样片(厚度为2 mm)的雾度为89%,透光率为69%,有效光散射系数为61%。     

SiO2@P（MMA/BA/3FMA）复合纳米粒子的制备及膜性能

通过溶胶-凝胶法与半连续种子乳液聚合法相结合,以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)制备的纳米SiO2为核,以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)和甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯(3FMA)的共聚物P(MMA/BA/3FMA)为壳,合成了SiO2@P(MMA/BA/3FMA)核-壳结构纳米复合粒子.为防止纳米SiO2的团聚,提高其与共聚物的结合力,用乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(VTMS)对纳米SiO2进行改性.通过红外光谱、透射电子显微镜、动态激光散射粒度仪、静态接触角测试仪、X射线光电子能谱分析和热重分析等表征了乳液结构及膜性能.结果表明,获得的复合纳米粒子呈现粒径分布为40～50 nm的核-壳结构球型颗粒.由于含氟官能团的迁移使得氟元素在膜-空气界面富集,有效降低了膜的表面自由能.当3FMA质量分数达到25%时,膜表面自由能达到最低值(23.13 mN/m).随着3FMA含量的增加,共聚物初始热分解温度由350℃提高到390℃.     

疏水高分子介导可动芯SiO2杂化纳米粒子的仿生合成

在疏水高分子胶体模板——含氟丙烯酸酯(FA)共聚物乳胶粒中引入能够介导SiO2原位沉积的聚胺催化活性点-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC),以四甲氧基硅烷(TMOS)为硅源,在环境条件下可控合成了核壳型FA共聚物/SiO2杂化纳米粒子.高温煅烧除去聚合物核质,可得到中空的SiO2纳米粒子,结合FTIR、EDX、TGA以及XPS等表征数据印证了SiO2的沉积主要发生在聚合物模板的表面.进一步考察了反应条件,如聚胺功能单体DMC的浓度、TMOS的浓度以及反应时间对SiO2杂化纳米粒子的形貌与组成的影响.实验结果表明增加DMC或者TMOS的浓度,适当延长反应时间,均可增加SiO2粒子的沉积速率,导致SiO2壳层的厚度增加,并且杂化粒子的形貌由凹陷多褶皱的核壳结构向可动芯结构转变.由于FA共聚物模板的强疏水性,增加有机核层和无机壳层间的不相容排斥,最终导致核壳层间空腔的形成,得到含可动芯的核壳型SiO2杂化粒子.     

虚拟分子印迹与表面增强拉曼散射联用技术用于孔雀石绿的超灵敏检测

采用抗坏血酸还原法制备Ag球粒子,然后用3-（甲基丙烯酰氧）丙基三甲氧基硅烷使其表面硅烷化,最后用虚拟模板分子松香酸代替模板分子孔雀石绿与功能单体甲基丙烯酰胺反应合成虚拟印迹聚合物.结果表明,生成的"核-壳"式复合基底比Ag的表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）增强效果显著,其对孔雀石绿的最低检测浓度达到10^-11 mol/L.该方法实现了背景噪音的消除,提高了分析结果的准确性,为有机染料的超灵敏检测提供了参考.     

纳米SiO_2表面基团在MMA原位本体聚合中的阻缓聚作用

分别以3-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPS)和辛基三甲氧基硅烷(OTMS)为活性和惰性硅烷的代表,对SiO2进行不同锚固密度的表面修饰,并以改性SiO2的甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)单体分散液为原料,通过原位本体聚合制得一系列SiO2含量不同的高分散性SiO2/PMMA复合材料.考察SiO2表面基团活性程度和SiO2含量对聚合反应动力学、基体聚合物分子量以及复合材料硬度的影响,探究修饰状态不同SiO2在本体自由基聚合中的作用机制.发现SiO2表面硅羟基及其锚固MPS的活性双键会对聚合反应起阻缓聚作用,进而会显著降低基体聚合物的分子量及复合材料的硬度.而惰性硅烷OTMS对SiO2表面的锚固则会消耗SiO2表面硅羟基、并屏蔽其影响,因而随着OTMS锚固密度的提高,基体分子量和复合材料硬度均会随之提高,特别是当表面修饰达到饱和状态时,SiO2的阻缓聚作用已可忽略.     

Surface self-segregation, wettability, and adsorption behavior of core-shell and pentablock fluorosilicone acrylate copolymers

The surfaces of films cast from core-shell fluorosilicone acrylate copolymer (BA/MMA/DFHM and BA/MMA/DFHM/MPTMS/D(4)) latexes and linear pentablock fluorosilicone acrylate copolymer (PDMS-b-(PMMA-b-PDFHM)(2)) solutions are intensively investigated and compared by XPS, DCA, AFM, and QCM-D measurements. It is found that the molecular structures and in-solution aggregate structures of these well-defined copolymers have a dramatic influence on the surface structure formation, surface wetting, and adsorption behavior. The PDMS-b-(PMMA-b-PDFHM)(2) film cast from chloroform solution with high concentration of low-density unimers is able to perform as strong surface self-segregation of fluorine-containing groups as core-shell copolymer latex films. The BA/MMA/DFHM/MPTMS/D(4) in the core-shell latex particles exhibits the less pronounced surface self-segregation of silicon-containing groups than PDMS-b-(PMMA-b-PDFHM)(2) due to the occurrence of cross-linking reactions between polysiloxane chains. Indeed, such reactions induce the formation of silica network within the film material, which immobilizes tightly the fluorinated groups on the film surface and thus endows the film with higher surface structural stability for water compared to PDMS-b-(PMMA-b-PDFHM)(2) film with similar surface fluorine concentration and even higher silicon concentration. Still, the PDMS-b-(PMMA-b-PDFHM)(2) film definitely demonstrates higher advancing and receding contact angles for water than BA/MMA/DFHM/MPTMS/D(4) latex film in the case of synergism between surface enrichment of fluorine and silicon.     

Synthesis, modification and characterization of core-shell fluoroacrylate copolymer latexes

Core-shell fluoroacrylate copolymer latex, typically used for the protection of ancient stone monument, was synthesized in this paper by semi-continuous seed emulsion polymerization with butyl acrylate (BA) served as the core, methyl methacrylate (MMA), BA and dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFHMA, C₁₁H₈O₂F₁₂) served as the shell. At the same time, the above core-shell fluoroacrylate latex was modified by hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, Si(OC₂H₅)₄) in the presence of silane coupling agent dodecyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS, C₁₂H₂₅Si(OCH₃)₃). The chemical component of the final latex was analyzed by FT-IR. Morphology structure and the particle size of core-shell latex were determined by TEM. The effect of DFHMA and TEOS content on the latex and film properties was characterized by SEM-EDX, AFM, TEM, DSC and UV-vis. The analysis results indicated that the copolymer latex particle presented uniform sphere core-shell structure with 40-50 nm in diameter. About 30 wt% DFHMA gave favorable characteristics both in latex and in film properties. Compared with core-shell fluoroacrylate latex, the modified fluoroacrylate copolymer displayed, when TEOS was controlled in 2.2-3.8 wt%, sound performances in hydrophobic, mechanics, thermodynamics and resistance to ultraviolet.     

Influence of Emulsifiers on Acrylate Latex Blends

The poly(methyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate/acrylic acid) [P(MMA/BA/AA)] and poly (styrene/butyl acrylate/acrylic acid) [P(St/BA/AA)] latexes were synthesized using the emulsifier octylphenol polyoxyethylene(10) ether (OP-10) and ammonium sulfate allyloxy nonylphenoxy poly(ethyleneoxy)(10) ether(DNS-86). The optimum amount of OP-10 and DNS-86 was 1.5% and 2.5% respectively. The P(MMA/BA/AA) and P(St/BA/AA) latex containing 1.5% OP-10 or 2.5% DNS-86 were blended pairwise. The performances of latex blends and parent latexes as a function of emulsifiers content in parent latexes were determined. The results indicated that the stability of latex blends is favorable, and particle size distribution was more uniform and thermal stability was improved after blending.     

离子型表面活性单体存在下的MMA/BA乳液聚合(Ⅰ)——表面活性单体的合成及其(共)聚合活性

合成了两种离子型表面活性单体(Surfmer)磺化-十二醇-烯丙基甘油-丁二酸酯钠盐(ZC-L)和磺化-十二醇-甲基丙烯酰甘油-丁二酸酯钠盐(ZD-L).着重研究了ZC-L的结构、表面张力行为、均聚及共聚能力.实验结果表明,不同Surfmer用量以及不同固含量下,MMA/BA/Surfmer,MMA/Surfmer及BA/Surfmer共聚乳液的表面张力较高,说明Surfmer已通过共聚结合在乳胶粒上,乳液中残留甚少.对MMA/BA体系,ZC-L的共聚性能比ZD-L好.     

Influence of hydrophobic monomers on secondary nucleation of hydroxyl‐functionalized latexes

The influence of butyl acrylate (BA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) on hydroxyl functionalized latexes was investigated. The hydrophobicity of the monomer feed was varied via the BA/MMA ratio. In addition to monitoring the effect of hydrophobic monomer feed on secondary nucleation, the polymerization kinetics and final latex properties were also obtained for comparison. Five different BA to MMA molar ratios were combined with five 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mol% in monomer composition). All latexes were synthesized through seeded semibatch emulsion polymerization process. Particle size distributions and average particle sizes of the latexes were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and qualitatively compared with transmission electron microscope (TEM) images. The BA to MMA ratio significantly influences the boundary HEMA concentration at which homogeneous secondary nucleation occurs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55, 2190–2202     

Synthesis of water-soluble hyperbranched polymer and its application in acrylic latex

A water-soluble hyperbranched polymer (WHBP), obtained from a second generation of hyperbranched polyester and maleic anhydride, was studied. Its effects on the properties of acrylic latexes, which were based on emulsion polymerization of butyl acrylate (BA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), acrylic acid (AA) and WHBP, and latex film were discussed. The characteristics of WHBP were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Particle size and morphology of latex particles were confirmed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The investigation showed that WHBP could be used in emulsion polymerization, and that latex of poly(BA-MMA-WHBP) was more stable than that of poly(BA-MMA-AA). The hardness of latex film increased from 2B to HB when WHBP was used.     

核壳型含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物的合成及性能

采用饥饿态半连续种子乳液聚合方法, 在十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)/辛基苯基聚氧乙烯醚(TX-10)复合乳化剂的作用下, 分别选用甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯(TFEM)、甲基丙烯酸六氟正丁酯(HFBM)和甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(DFHM)为含氟单体, 合成以丙烯酸正丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和含氟单体为原料的核壳型结构含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液. FTIR, 1H NMR, TEM和DSC分析结果显示, 获得了BA/MMA/含氟单体的共聚物乳液, 且乳液具有明显的核壳结构. DSC, TGA和SEM-EDX的分析显示, 核壳型结构的共聚物具有优异的热力学稳定性能和成膜性能; 长侧链或短侧链含氟单体对共聚物的热稳定性影响不明显, 但侧链较长的含氟单体所获得的聚合物在成膜过程中更易向表面迁移, 更能体现含氟聚合物的优点.     

Effect of different surfactants on colloidal and polymer properties of fluorinated acrylate latex

Fluorinated acrylate latex was successfully prepared by semi-continuous seeded emulsion polymerization of dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFMA) with butyl acrylate (BA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) initiated by potassium persulfate in the water. The resultant latexes and their films are characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, contact angle determinator, dynamic light scattering detector and surface tension determinator. Effect of different surfactants on colloidal and polymer properties of fluorinated acrylate latex was studied. Results show that the latex prepared with sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate surfactant has the smallest particle size and contact angle but the moderate surface tension. The latex prepared with perfluorooctanesulfonic acid potassium surfactant has the smallest surface tension, moderate particle size but the biggest contact angle. The latex prepared with sodium 2-hydroxy-3-(methacryloyloxy) prop- ane-1-sulfonate surfactant has the biggest particle size and surface tension but moderate contact angle. In addition, the latex prepared with sodium 2-hydroxy-3-(methacryloyloxy) prop- ane-1-sulfonate has higher electrolyte stability.     

In Situ Semibatch Emulsion Polymerization of 2‐Ethyl Hexyl Acrylate/n‐Butyl Acrylate/Methyl Methacrylate/Cellulose Nanocrystal Nanocomposites for Adhesive Applications

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are safe, “green,” hydrophilic nanoparticles. CNCs are added in situ during a semibatch 2‐ethyl hexyl acrylate (EHA)/n‐butyl acrylate (BA)/methyl methacrylate (MMA) emulsion polymerization. As EHA is a more hydrophobic monomer, manipulation of the monomer feed composition allows for the evaluation of the effect of hydrophobicity on CNC distribution in the nanocomposite and ultimately on adhesive properties. The adhesive properties (loop tack, peel strength, and shear strength) of three different EHA/BA/MMA latex formulations are shown to simultaneously improve with increasing CNC loading. However, the hydrophobicity of the EHA leads to a nonuniform distribution of CNCs in the latex films. Comparison of the in situ polymerized nanocomposites to their blended counterparts is also made.