手性1,2-二氢吡啶化合物的合成研究进展

手性1,2-二氢吡啶化合物是重要的手性砌块, 可通过还原或环加成反应来方便构建药物分子中十分重要的手性含氮杂环化合物如哌啶等, 因此其高效合成对于新药研发具有重要的研究意义. 利用手性源和手性辅基诱导的策略需要使用化学计量的手性试剂, 发展不对称催化的方法来合成结构多样性的手性1,2-二氢吡啶化合物无疑十分重要. 自2004年报道首例对活化吡啶的不对称C2位亲核加成反应以来, 该策略被成功用于发展合成C2位芳基、烷基、炔基等取代的手性1,2-二氢吡啶化合物的不对称催化新方法. 最近, 一种新的基于亚胺不对称转化的串联反应策略也被设计开发用于多样性合成这类手性含氮杂环化合物. 本综述概述了相关研究进展, 并介绍了相关研究难点和未来的发展空间.     

氰醇酶制备手性氰醇的研究进展

手性是自然界的普遍特征 .手性药物的研制和开发 ,是现代制药行业发展的一种必然趋势 ,也是药物研究和开发中急待解决的重大课题 .利用酶的手性合成和制备手性药物中间体是当今国外医药研究的热点 .光学活性氰醇是一类重要的手性合成子 ,它很容易转化为β-氨基醇、α-羟基酸、α-羟基酮等许多手性物质 [1～ 4 ] ,进而合成其它多种光学活性化合物 ,因而在医药、农药等精细化工领域具有广阔的应用前景 ,特别对制备手性药物中间体最具发展潜力 ,它将为手性药物的研制和开发开辟一条新的途径 .手性氰醇的巨大应用价值推动了手性氰醇制备方法的发…     

毛细管电泳在手性化合物分离中的应用

本文综述了近年来毛细管电泳在手性化合物分离中的应用情况。简要地总结和比较了手性配位体金属络合物、环糊精及其衍生物、开环多糖化合物、冠醚、大环化合物等５种典型的手性分子识别剂在毛细管电泳手性分离中的使用现状。     

手性化合物的质谱分析研究

运用不含手性碳的非对称化合物Ｓ－ＢＮＰ酸（Ｓ－ｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｓａｅｕｒｅ－（１，１＇－ｂｉｎａｐｈｔｈｙｌ－２，２＇－ｄｉｙｌｅｓｔｅｒ））作反应试剂用快原子轰击反应质谱法（ＦＡＢ－ＲＭＳ）测定手性化合物的绝对构型．发现非对称手性化合物可与不对称手性化合物在质谱中发生立体选择性反应，Ｓ－ＢＮＰ酸可作为一种新的反应试剂来测定手性化合物的绝对构型．     

乙酸丁酸纤维素手性固定相的制备及对手性化合物的拆分

将乙酸丁酸纤维素涂敷在硅烷化的硅胶上制备了涂渍型高效液相色谱固定相,在40MPa压力下将所得固定相装入色谱柱.在正相的条件下,对20种手性化合物进行拆分,包括醇类,胺类,氨基酸类手性化合物以及外消旋体药物,有13种手性化合物得到了较好的分离.     

不含手性碳的手性化合物及其绝对构型——剑桥结构数据库实例分析

利用英国剑桥结构数据库中的实例并结合相关三维可视化软件,介绍了含有氮/磷等手性杂原子、轴手性、平面手性、螺旋手性、超分子手性等手性因素的手性化合物及其绝对构型,以加深对手性概念的认识和理解。     

海藻糖、龙胆二糖、蜜二糖键合硅胶手性固定相的制备和性能

合成了海藻糖、龙胆二糖、蜜二糖三种二糖类键合硅胶高效液相色谱手性固定相,采用湿法装柱制备了色谱柱．在高效液相色谱正相条件下,该类固定相对醇类、胺类、氨基酸类对映异构体以及一些手性药物表现出了一定的拆分效果．特别是海藻糖固定相在所拆分的9种手性化合物中,有6种手性化合物能得到较好的分离,表现出较好的手性分离性能．并且手性固定相之间具有较好的互补性．     

α-酸糖蛋白手性柱对56种手性化合物的拆分

采用α-酸糖蛋白手性固定相(Chiral-AGP),固定流动相pH、流速,化合物样品浓度,考察酸性、碱性、中性手性化合物和21个氨基酸在α-酸糖蛋白手性柱上的拆分情况.应用高效液相色谱法,α-酸糖蛋白手性柱对上述手性样品拆分,一共有8个中性化合物、3个碱性化合物、6个酸性化合物和5个氨基酸得到手性对映分离.探讨了α-酸糖蛋白手性柱对酸性、中性、碱性样品的拆分能力并进行对比,结果证明α-酸糖蛋白手性柱拆分中性化合物和酸性化合物效果最好,拆分碱性化合物和氨基酸效果不好,为α-酸糖蛋白手性柱适合于拆分哪一类型的手性化合物提供参考.     

色谱手性分离研究

手性是自然界的基本属性之一,不同的手性单体具有不同的生理活性,将手性化合物有效的分离具有十分重要的意义.色谱法和膜分离法在拆分手性化合物中得到了越来越广泛的应用,也是我们课题组采用的主要方法.就近几年来拆分手性化合物的一些方法和研究成果本文进行综述,并对今后手性拆分技术的发展方向进行了展望.     

环糊精色谱固定相及其在手性化合物分离中的应用

随着生命科学,尤其是生命化学和药物化学的发展,已经认识到并开始重视手性药物异构体在生物体内代谢和药理作用的差别,识别对映异构体、分离和分析手性化合物的研究在生命科学的基础研究中无疑具有重要的学术意义和实际意义。     

Review: Separation and Pharmacology of Chiral Compounds in Traditional Chinese Medicine

More than 60% commonly used pharmaceutical active ingredients are chiral compounds. Developing more effective and safe chiral compounds has become a focus in the pharmaceutical industry. Chiral compounds widely exist in traditional Chinese medicine and include alkaloids, flavonoids, volatile oils, and amino acids. The characterization of chiral compounds used in traditional Chinese medicine remains limited. Here, the characterization of chiral compounds commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine is reviewed focusing upon their separation and pharmacology.     

Enantioseparation of 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one and its 7-chloro-derivative by capillary zone electrophoresis using native and substituted beta-cyclodextrins as chiral additives

Efficient, rapid and inexpensive methods were established for the chiral separation of two glucopyranosyl compounds from plant extracts, by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Baseline separation was achieved for both compounds. Several native cyclodextrins and their derivatives were tried as chiral selectors. CM-beta-CD and HP-beta-CD (with addition of acetonitrile in the buffer) gave rise to optimal chiral separation for the two compounds, respectively, each within a few minutes. The effects of several parameters on the chiral separation were studied.     

L-苏氨酸手性分子印迹硅胶分离固定相的制备及分离性能研究

本文使用堆砌硅珠法以硅溶胶为原料、苏氨酸(L-Thr)为手性源构造手性环境,制备具有手性分离能力的全无机介孔手性硅胶球,对其进行元素分析、红外光谱法分析、透射电镜、扫描电镜和氮气吸附等表征,采用HPLC法探究无机介孔硅胶球制备的固定相对手性异构体和苯系位置异构体的拆分性能,成功分离了9对外消旋化合物和8种苯系位置异构体。L-Thr手性硅胶球在手性分离方面具有一定的可行性,并且在位置异构体的分离上具有良好的分离性能,色谱的重复性良好。     

含磷手性化合物在多聚糖类手性固定相上的手性分离

在纤维素 三(3,5 二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)(ChiralcelOD)和直链淀粉 三(3,5 二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)(ChiralpakAD H)手性固定相上,采用高效液相色谱正相条件,分离了系列含磷手性化合物。考察了流动相中有机改性剂的种类及浓度对手性分离的影响;研究了化合物的结构与保留及对映体选择性的关系;并探讨了手性识别机理。     

Chiral metal-organic cages used as stationary phase for enantioseparations in capillary electrochromatography

Since some metal-organic cages (MOCs) have been synthesized in past several years, the applications of MOCs such as drug delivery, molecular recognition, separation, catalysis, and gas storage, etc. have been witnessed with a significant increase. However, to the best of our knowledge, so far no one has used MOCs as chiral stationary phase to separate chiral compounds in CEC. In this study, three MOCs were developed as the stationary phase for CEC separation of enantiomers. The MOCs coated capillary column showed good chiral recognition ability for some chiral compounds, including amine, alcohols, ketone, etc. The influence of buffer concentration, applied voltage, pH of buffer solution on the chiral separations was also investigated. The RSDs of run-to-run, day-to-day, and column-to-column for retention time were 2.1-4.67%, 1.2-4.36%, and 3.62-6.43%, respectively. This work reveals that the chiral MOCs material is feasible for the enantioseparation in CEC.     

Past,present, and future developments in enantioselective analysis using capillary electromigration techniques

Enantioseparation of chiral products has become increasingly important in a large diversity of academic and industrial applications. The separation of chiral compounds is inherently challenging and thus requires a suitable analytical technique that can achieve high resolution and sensitivity. In this context, CE has shown remarkable results so far. Chiral CE offers an orthogonal enantioselectivity and is typically considered less costly than chromatographic techniques, since only minute amounts of chiral selectors are needed. Several CE approaches have been developed for chiral analysis, including chiral EKC and chiral CEC. Enantioseparations by EKC benefit from the wide variety of possible pseudostationary phases that can be employed. Chiral CEC, on the other hand, combines chromatographic separation principles with the bulk fluid movement of CE, benefitting from reduced band broadening as compared to pressure-driven systems. Although UV detection is conventionally used for these approaches, MS can also be considered. CE-MS represents a promising alternative due to the increased sensitivity and selectivity, enabling the chiral analysis of complex samples. The potential contamination of the MS ion source in EKC-MS can be overcome using partial-filling and counter-migration techniques. However, chiral analysis using monolithic and open-tubular CEC-MS awaits additional method validation and a dedicated commercial interface. Further efforts in chiral CE are expected toward the improvement of existing techniques, the development of novel pseudostationary phases, and establishing the use of chiral ionic liquids, molecular imprinted polymers, and metal-organic frameworks. These developments will certainly foster the adoption of CE(-MS) as a well-established technique in routine chiral analysis.     

Comparative studies of immobilized chiral stationary phases based on polysaccharide derivatives for enantiomeric separation of 15 azole compounds

Immobilized polysaccharide‐based columns showed excellent enantioselectivity in normal phase separation mode. In this work, enantioseparation abilities of four immobilized polysaccharide‐derived chiral stationary phases (Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, and Chiralpak ID) toward 15 azole compounds were evaluated. Separation was carried out using n‐hexane as mobile phase with ethanol, 1‐propanol, 1‐butanol, and 2‐propanol as modifiers. And twelve compounds have achieved baseline separation with the resolutions ranging between 2.05 and 21.73. The enantioseparation on the four polysaccharide‐based chiral columns using different alcohol modifiers was compared. In general, the best separation performance was identified as Chiralpak IC, which was able to resolve 11 compounds to baseline and two partially under the screening conditions. Separation on Chiralpak IB was not satisfactory, because only four compounds were baseline separated.     

Preparation and chromatographic characteristics of a novel 2,6-dimethyl-β-CD bonded HPLC chiral stationary phase

A novel 2,6-dimethyl-b-CD bonded and silica based HPLC chiral stationary phase（CSP） was prepared.The diphenylmethane diisocyanate（MDI） was applied for the first time in the immobilization of 2,6-dimethyl-b-CD onto the surface of aminized silica gel under mild conditions. The composite materials obtained were used as the CSP for chiral separation processes and this kind of CSP exhibits good enantioselectivity for a variety of chiral compounds under reversed-phase conditions.     

关注手性药物：从“反应停事件”说起

Since the Thalidomide tragedy in the 1960s, the issue of chirality has become increasingly important in the fields of novel drug development and pharmaceutical research. Enantiomers may exhibit different pharmacologic, pharmacokinetic, metabolic, and toxicological activity in living organisms. Recently, chiral High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technology combined with chiroptical spectroscopy has been widely used in separation and analysis of chiral compounds, and will play a critical role in the detection and quality control of chiral pharmaceuticals.     

高效毛细管电泳分离手性物质

本文对近年来发展起来的高效毛细管电泳技术（ＨＰＣＥ）在手性分离方面的工作做了评述，讨论了高效毛细管电泳手性对映体的分离方式和定量方面，并对在这一重要领域中可能的发展趋势做了展望。