Bromination of aromatic ring of tetrahydro-1,5-benzodiazepin-2-ones

Novel mono- or dibromo-substituted tetrahydro-1,5-benzodiazepinones were obtained by direct bromination of the corresponding 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-(1H)-1,5-benzodiazepin-2-ones and 5-N-alkyl (or formyl) derivatives with bromine. Substituent effects and the orientation of the entering groups in the bromination reaction are discussed.Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius LT-2600, Lithuania; c-mail: apalaima@bchi.lt. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Socdinenii, No. 6, pp. 799–805, June, 2000.     

Ring contractions of dihydro- and tetrahydro-1,5-benzodiazepines in electron ionization mass spectrometry

Electron ionization mass spectra of a series of 2,4-disubstituted dihydro- and tetrahydro-1,5-benzodiazepines are discussed. The fragmentation of these compounds is dominated by ring contractions of diazepine, which give both five- and six-membered rings, benzimidazoles and quinoxalines. Tetrahydro compounds showed a tendency to eliminate one nitrogen from the ring system and give quinoline rings through NH₂ and NH₄ eliminations. The electron ionization spectra of cis and trans isomers of tetrahydro compounds are identical.     

An improved LC‐MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of 1,5‐dicaffeoylquinic acid and its active metabolites in human plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in patients

In this study, a sensitive, selective and reproducible liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of 1,5‐dicaffeoylquinic acid (1,5‐DCQA) and its active metabolites, 1‐caffeoyl‐5‐feruoylquinic acid and 1,5‐O‐diferuoylquinic acid, in human plasma, using puerarin as internal standard, was developed and validated. Analytes were extracted from plasma samples by liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate, separated on a C₁₈ reversed‐phase column with water containing 5 mM ammonium acetate and acetonitrile as the mobile phase and detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in negative selected reaction monitoring mode. The accuracy and precision of the method were acceptable and linearity was good over the range 1–200 ng/mL for each analyte. In addition, the selectivity, extraction recovery and matrix effect were satisfactory too. The validated LC‐MS/MS method was successfully applied to phase II clinical pharmacokinetic study of 1,5‐DCQA in patients. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fragmentation of dihydro- and tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepines under electron impact

The fragmentation mechanisms of dihydro- and tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepines under electron impact have been studied in detail using high resolution mass spectrometry, metastable decompositions and deuterium labelling techniques. Both kinds of the benzothiazepines possess high stability. The [M? SH]⁺ and the cyclic benzothiazole ions derived from the fragmentation and severe skeletal rearrangement of the molecular ion comprised the main features of the spectra. Some doubly charged ions were noticed in the low resolution electron impact mass spectra.     

Enantioseparation of Orciprenaline,Betaxolol, and Propranolol using HPLC and New Chiral Reagents Based on 1,5-Difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene

Diastereomers of three β-blockers (orciprenaline, betaxolol, and propranolol) were synthesized using three new chiral derivatizing reagents that were prepared by substituting one fluorine atom in 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with two chirally pure amines and one L-amino acid. The reagents were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Diastereomers were synthesized under microwave irradiation at 50 s at 80% of 800 W and also by stirring for 50 min at 45°C. The diastereomers were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a C₁₈ column with detection at 340 nm using acetonitrile and aqueous trifluoroacetic acid as the mobile phase components. The conditions of derivatization and chromatographic separation were optimized. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, limit of detection, and limit of quantification.     

电化学还原合成1,5-二氨基萘

研究了以1,5-二硝基萘为原料电化学还原合成1,5-二氨基萘的反应. 室温下, 运用循环伏安法研究了1,5-二硝基萘的循环伏安行为, 1,5-二硝基萘的还原是一受扩散控制的不可逆反应; 循环伏安图上两个连续的还原峰对应于两个硝基的还原; 求出了反应的传递系数α₁在0.275～0.335之间, α₂在0.360～0.437之间. 探讨了电解电位(E)、底物浓度(c₁)、电解电量(Q)、硫酸浓度(c₂)以及溶剂(DMF)与水的体积比(Y)对产物产率的影响, 在最优条件下1,5-二氨基萘的产率最高可达77%.     

Studien zur Chemie von O,N- und S,N-haltigen Heterocyclen, 14. Mitt. Tricyclische 1,5-Benzothiazepine aus 2,3-Dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4-amin

Summary Starting from 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4-amine (1) tricyclic 1,5-benzothiazepines were obtained. Reaction with ethyl bromopyruvat and ethyl aminoacetate hydrochloride led to the imidazo[2,1-d][1,5]benzothiazepines3 and6, respectively. The triazolo derivative8 was prepared by treatment of1 with triethyl orthoacetate/ammonia, followed by oxidative cyclization with sodium hypochlorite.

     

Synthesis of fused tetrahydro-β-carbolinequinoxalinones in 1-n-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([bdmim][Tf2N]) and 1-n-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium perfluorobutylsulfonate ([bdmim][PFBuSO3]) ionic liquids

Starting from tryptophan methyl ester, a three-step synthesis of fused tetrahydro-β-carbolinequinoxalinones in two new ionic liquids, [bdmim][Tf₂N] and [bdmim][PFBuSO₃], was described. Both ionic liquids can be readily prepared from commercially available starting materials in high yields. Unlike the commonly used [PF₆]-based ionic liquids that evidently undergo slow hydrolysis of the PF₆ anion with the concomitant release of HF, ionic liquids of [bdmim][Tf₂N] and [bdmim][PFBuSO₃] are not only chemically stable but also apparently inert to hydrolysis and therefore organic reactions carried out in both ionic liquids proceed smoothly with good yields. The overall isolated yields for this three-step synthesis of tetrahydro-β-carbolinequinoxalinones were 34-55%. To the best of our knowledge, the preparation of fused tetrahydro-β-carbolinequinoxalinones was unprecedented.     

Syntheses of novel series benzo [1,5] oxazepin-4-one-based compounds from 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene

A novel benzo [ 1,5] oxazepin-4-one skeleton compound and its four derivatives were synthesized effectively from 1,5-difluoro- 2,4-dinitrobenzene （DFDNB） under mild conditions. In the process, four intermediates were synthesized by substitutions of the two fluorine atoms and reductions of the meta-dinitro groups in DFDNB respectively. The results showed that the key for synthesizing the intermediates was the substitution of one of the two fluorine atoms in DFDNB by 3-hydroxy butyric acid ethyl ester first, then the other fluorine atom by morpholine, and then the reduction of the meta-dinitro groups in the substitute by HCOONH4 with Pd/C. The products were purified with silica gel column chromatography, and confirmed by HPLC, LC-MS and 1H NMR. They should contribute to construct the molecular libraries for therapeutic applications.     

2-取代芳基-4-丙酸乙酯基-1,5-苯并二氮卓衍生物的高效合成

以取代的芳香醛和乙酰丙酸乙酯为原料,通过克诺维纳盖尔(Knoevenagel)缩合、亲核加成、环合、脱水等过程,快速高效地合成了8种未见文献报道的2-芳基-4-丙酸乙酯基-1,5-苯并二氮杂卓化合物.通过₁H NMR、₁₃C NMR、IR、MS和单晶衍射确定了其目标产物结构,对合成目标化合物的反应条件进行了较详细的研究,并提出了可能的反应机理。     

Synthesis of tetrahydro-β-carbolinediketopiperazines in [bdmim][PF6] ionic liquid accelerated by controlled microwave heating

Because of their negligible vapor pressures and large dipoles, ionic liquids are excellent media for microwave-accelerated organic reactions. Using low-power microwave irradiation in the new [bdmim][PF₆] ionic liquid with temperature controlled at 60 °C, a three-step synthesis (Pictet-Spengler, Schotten-Baumann, and intramolecular ester amidation) of tetrahydro-β-carbolinediketopiperazines starting from tryptophan methyl ester was achieved with good isolated yields (49-69%) in only 5 min.     

金属离子增稳的酶法终点法测定1,5-脱水葡糖醇

为建立金属离子增稳的酶法终点法测定1,5-脱水葡糖醇,通过葡萄糖激酶(GK)和葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PD)将样品中葡萄糖(Glu)转化为6-磷酸葡萄糖内酯(G6PL),1,5-AG经吡喃糖氧化酶(PROD)作用生成1,5-脱水果糖(1,5-AF)和H2O2,后者借Trinder’s系统显色定量。结果表明,该法线性范围0～250μmol/L,平均回收率为99.3%,批内变异系数(CV)和批间变异系数分别为0.009 8～0.027 7、0.016 2～0.036 8,与气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)比较具有良好的相关性,线性回归方程和相关系数分别为y=0.982 x+2.68,r=0.998 8。以金属离子为增稳剂的酶法终点法测定1,5-AG含量具有简便、灵敏、可靠的特点,适合实际推广应用。     

Analysis of fentanyl derivatives by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with diode array ultraviolet and single quadrupole mass spectrometric detection

Fentanyl has become pervasive as a drug of abuse and as adulterant in seized drugs. Positional isomers analyzed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry can follow the same fragmentation pathway and therefore may not be differentiated. Additionally, electron ionization leads to lack of discernible molecular ion for most fentanyl related compounds. Liquid chromatography may be used as an orthogonal identification technique with diode array ultraviolet and mass spectrometric detection. Here we provide a chromatographic method for the separation of 20 different fentanyl analogues, homologues and positional isomers using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array ultraviolet and mass spectrometry detection. Five different columns were investigated utilizing reverse phase chromatography and hydrophilic interaction chromatography. Chromatographic systems were evaluated to determine which could separate the most compounds overall, as well as the most positional isomers. We found that isocratic elution, with a methanol modifier (35%) and formic acid (0.1%) as an additive, on a C18 column at a temperature of 25°C could resolve 10/20 compounds overall and 16/20 positional isomers. Using electrospray ionization, compounds with different masses could easily be distinguished based on their pseudo molecular ions. Ultraviolet detection facilitated differentiation of positional isomers that could not be distinguished by either electron ionization or electrospray ionization mass spectrometry alone.     

碳酸二甲酯法合成1，5-二氨基甲酸甲酯的反应机理

应用红外光谱技术研究了在乙酸锌催化作用下1，5-萘二胺与碳酸二甲酯甲氧基羰基化反应机理．结果表明，二水合乙酸锌只有失去两个结晶水变成无水乙酸锌后才能产生催化活性．无水乙酸锌与1，5-萘二胺形成一个新的配位络合物，该配位络合物是一个适宜的亲核试剂，能与碳酸二甲酯进行亲核反应，生成1，5-萘二胺的甲氧基羰基化产物．在无水乙酸锌与1，5-萘二胺形成配位络合物的过程中，无水乙酸锌的结构从双齿型转变成单齿型．     

An LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of 1,5‐dicaffeoylquinic acid and 1‐O‐acetylbritannilactone in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study

A selective and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous quantitative determination of 1,5‐dicaffeoylquinic acid (1,5‐DCQA) and 1‐O‐ acetylbritannilactone (1‐O‐ ABL) in rat plasma. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB‐C₁₈ column using isocratic mobile phase consisting of methanol–water–formic acid (70:30:0.1, v /v/v) at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. The detection was achieved using a triple‐quadrupole tandem MS in selected reaction monitoring mode. The calibration curves of all analytes in plasma showed good linearity over the concentration ranges of 0.850–213 ng/mL for 1,5‐DCQA, and 0.520–130 ng/mL for 1‐O‐ ABL, respectively. The extraction recoveries were ≥78.5%, and the matrix effect ranged from 91.4 to 102.7% in all the plasma samples. The method was successfully applied for the pharmacokinetic study of the two active components in the collected plasma following oral administration of Inula britannica extract in rats.     

A short and efficient synthesis of 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol 6-phosphate

The important d-glucose and d-glucose 6-phosphate analogues 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol and 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol 6-phosphate were prepared from methyl-d-glucoside in high yield and purity. Protecting of the hydroxyl groups as their allyl ether followed by reductive cleavage of the glycosidic linkage with triethylsilane formed the protected anhydroglucitol. No ring rearrangement or ring contraction was observed during the reduction step. Using the PdCl₂-CuCl₂-activated charcoal system, the allyl ether bond was cleaved with a low loading of the catalyst (0.0025 equiv per allyl group). 1,5-Anhydro-d-glucitol 6-phosphate was prepared by the phosphylation of 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol.     

Oxidation of nitrogen-containing heterocycles using biocatalysts

A method for stereospecific hydroxylation of 1,2-dihydro-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones using free and immobilized cells of actinomycetes as biocatalysts was developed. The hydroxylation under the action of yeast results in the formation of racemates. Actinomyces do not hydroxylate quinazolinones, quinoxalinones, and tetrahydro-1,5-benzodiazepin-2-ones; derivatives of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,5-benzodiazocin-2-ones are transformed into 2-[N-(3-acetylaminopropionyl)amino]benzophenones. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1608–1613, August, 1998.     

Chromatographic and spectroscopic properties of regioisomers of some 1H-1,5-benzodiazepines

The separation of the two regioisomeric derivatives of 1H-1,5-benzodiazepine yielded from the reaction of 1,2-diamino-4-methylbenzene with 4-substituted acetophenones was performed by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, and the absorption spectra of the separated isomers have been determined for three isomer pairs which have been obtained starting from acetophenones with substituents of different electronegativity. The isomer ratio then could be estimated as well from the ratio of the peak areas as from the absorption spectra. They agree well with the known ratio determined from nmr intensities.     

Synthesis of 4-Pyridyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepin-2-ones

4-Pyridyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepin-2-ones were obtained by the condensation of ethyl nicotinoyl- or isonicotinoylacetates with o-phenylenediamine. Alkylation of the pyridylbenzodiazepinones with ethyl iodide under phase-transfer catalysis conditions occurred at the amide nitrogen of the heterocycle, whereas in nitromethane it occurred at the nitrogen of the pyridine substituent. Bromination with N-bromosuccinimide occurred at position 3 of the heterocycle. Pyridyldibenzodiazepinones underwent thermal rearrangement to derivatives of vinylbenzimidazole.