三氟甲基取代Ir配合物的电子结构和磷光性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论m PW1PW91方法研究了三氟甲基(CF3)基团修饰的一类Ir磷光材料,即Ir(C∧C)(ppy)2、Ir(C∧C)(ppy)(Ort CF3)、Ir(C∧C)(ppy)(Me CF3)和Ir(C∧C)(ppy)(Par CF3)[(C∧C:3-甲基-1-(2,4-甲基苯)-1H-咪唑;ppy:2-苯基吡啶,Ort CF3=2-(2-(三氟甲基)苯基)吡啶;Me CF3:2-(3-(三氟甲基)苯基)吡啶;Par CF3:2-(4-(三氟甲基)苯基)吡啶]的电子结构和光学性质.理论计算得到Ir(C∧C)(ppy)2的电子结构、吸收光谱和磷光光谱与实验结果吻合得较好.通过与实验分子Ir(C∧C)(ppy)2对比,向ppy的邻位和对位引入CF3基团加强金属和配体之间的作用力,提高空穴和电子注入能力,吸收和磷光发射光谱发生红移.尤其,Ir(C∧C)(ppy)-(Ort CF3)比其他配合物在发射磷光时金属到配体的电荷转移(3MLCT)的贡献大、跃迁偶极矩(μS1)大、d轨道能级分裂大,并且单三重态分裂能(ΔES1-T1)小,这表明设计的分子Ir(C∧C)(ppy)(Ort CF3)有望成为好的磷光发光材料.     

新型铱配合物的合成

以氯桥二聚体(ppy)₂Ir(μ-Cl₂)Ir(ppy)₂为原料,在碱性条件下与辅助配体苯甲酰三氟丙酮反应,合成了一种新型的磷光铱配合物,产率超过87%,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR, MS和元素分析表征。     

利用静电吸引作用提高光催化放氢效率

本文设计合成了两个分别带正电荷和负电荷的Ir(Ⅲ)配合物[Ir(ppy)₂(bpy)]⁺(ppy=2-苯基吡啶,bpy=2,2′-联吡啶)和[Ir(ppy)₂(pbs)]^-(pbs=1,10-菲啰啉-4,7-二苯磺酸钠)作为光敏剂,以[Co(bpy)₃]²⁺为放氢催化剂,比较了Ir(Ⅲ)配合物的光催化放氢效率.发现带负电荷的Ir(Ⅲ)配合物具有更高的光催化放氢效率,带负电荷光敏剂和带正电荷催化剂间的静电吸引可能对放氢效率的提高起到了重要作用.     

理论研究二米基硼B(Mes)2位置异构对Ir(III)配合物Ir(ppy)2(acac)的光物理性质的影响

采用DFT/TDDFT方法研究了二米基硼B（Mes）₂基团修饰的一类Ir（ppy）₂（acac）配合物1～3的光物理性质. 计算了电子结构,吸收和发射光谱以及自旋轨道耦合矩阵< T₁^α|H_SOC|S_n >和辐射跃迁速率（k_r）,探讨了取代基位置不同对磷光辐射和非辐射跃迁性质的影响. 研究结果表明：向ppy配体的吡啶环引入B（Mes）₂基团,能够加强金属铱（Ir）与配体乙酰丙酮（acac）的相互作用,减小单-三重态能级差ΔE（S₁-T₁）,提高系间窜跃速率和磷光辐射跃迁速率. 向ppy配体的苯环引入B（Mes）₂基团则增大了S₀与T₁的结构变形和自旋轨道耦合矩阵< S₀|H_SOC|T₁ >,使非辐射跃迁速率增加. B（Mes）₂基团位置异构,导致金属d轨道分裂方式不同,其在三个方向的自旋轨道耦合作用不同,辐射跃迁和非辐射跃迁都随之改变. 从理论上解释了通过对ppy配体的吡啶环修饰可获得高磷光量子产率的原因.     

三-(2-苯基吡啶)-铱及其衍生物电子结构、电子光谱及取代基效应的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP/LanL2dz方法,对一类重要的磷光材料三-(2-苯基吡啶)-铱[Ir(ppy)₃]及其衍生物的电子结构与电子光谱进行了研究,讨论了取代基对配合物的能级和LUMO-HOMO能隙的影响,发现吸电子基(-CN)使能级降低,HOMO-LUMO之间能隙减小,而推电子基(-OCH₃)使能级升高,HOMO-LUMO之间能隙变化不大.     

2, 5-二氟苯酚分子之旋转异构物的质量分辨阈值电离光谱

利用共振双光子电离(R²PI)技术和质量分辨阈值电离(MATI)技术来研究2, 5-二氟苯酚分子。实验所测得的顺式、反式2, 5-二氟苯酚分子电子激发能E₁分别为36448和36743 cm^-1,绝热电离能分别为71164和71476 cm^-1。这两个顺反转动同素异构分子在电子激发S₁态与离子D₀态活性振动主要是由于面内环变形和与取代基相关的弯曲振动。分析2, 5-二氟苯酚分子的振动光谱、D₀态离子光谱以及理论计算均表明这两个转动异构体在D₀态的几何构型与S₁态的中性几何构型相当相似。     

以苯基吡唑为主配体的Ir配合物电子结构和光谱性质的密度泛函理论研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)和含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)的B3LYP方法对以苯基吡唑ppz为主配体的4种Ir配合物Ir(ppz)₃, Ir(ppz)₂(acac), Ir(ppz)₂(pic)和Ir(ppz)₂(dbm)的电子结构和光谱性质进行了理论研究. 计算结果表明, 辅助配体的改变对Ir配合物的最高占据轨道(HOMO)的影响不大, 但会显著的降低分子最低空轨道(LUMO)的能级, 从而调节Ir配合物的HOMO和LUMO间的能隙. 4种配合物对应的发射跃迁分别为Ir(ppz)₃:d(Ir)+π(ppz)→π*(ppz); Ir(ppz)₂(pic):d(Ir)+(ppz)→π*(pic); Ir(ppz)₂(acac), Ir(ppz)₂(dbm):d(Ir)+π(acacdbm)→π*(acacdbm). 金属配合物的发光颜色可以通过选择合适的辅助配体调节.     

无间隔层结构的高效率荧光/磷光混合型白光有机发光二极管

采用磷光红光/荧光蓝光/磷光绿光无间隔层三发光层结构,制备出了高效率荧光/磷光混合型白光有机发光二极管(OLEDs),其中选取具有高荧光量子产率(PLQY)的荧光染料4P-NPD(双[N-(1-萘基)-N-苯基-氨基]四联苯)作为蓝光发射分子,以及常用的高效磷光染料Ir(MDQ)₂(acac)和Ir(ppy)₃(acac)分别作为红光和绿光的客体,通过混合和掺杂的方法制备了相应的发光层,实现了发光层中激子的有效利用和白光发射。 制备的白光器件最大电流效率和功率效率分别达到了27.1 cd/A和30.3 lm/W,当电压为6 V时,CIE色坐标为(0.33,0.41),显色指数CRI为70,色温CCT为5432 K。 在此基础上,设计制备了高色温的荧光/磷光混合型白光OLEDs,其色温(CCT)达到了7106 K。     

磷光客体三重态能级对基于PVK主体的电致发光器件的影响

将磷光客体掺入PVK:PBD主体材料中是获得高效率磷光电致发光器件 (PhPLED)的有效途径.然而,分别掺杂Ir(pppy)₃、Ir(F-pppy)₃和Ir(F₂-pppy)₃三种磷光客体的PhPLED器件性能件却显著不同.我们分别模拟主-客体间能量转移和客体直接捕获电子空穴对两种机制,研究了三种客体材料的磷光发射及其衰减过程.研究表明:平衡的载流子注入和客体高效率的载流子捕获是实现Ir-配合物掺杂的PhPLED器件性能优良的主要机制,PVK较低的三重态能级使其无法成为蓝光磷光电致发光器件的主体,在PVK中掺入PBD的方法,则进一步降低了主体材料的三重态能级,这是蓝光磷光电致发光器件运行效率较低的主要原因.本文的研究结果可为高分子磷光电致发光器件的制备技术和新型磷光主体的设计提供参考.     

新型黄色磷光吡嗪铱(Ⅲ)配合物的合成及发光性质

利用2,3-二苯基吡嗪与水合三氯化铱反应合成了一种新型吡嗪铱的配合物[Ir(dphp)₂(acac)],通过元素分析,¹HNMR和MS对配合物结构进行了表征,并研究了配合物的吸收光谱和光致发光光谱.利用该材料作为磷光染料制备了结构为[ITO/NPB(30nm)/NPB;8%[Ir(dphp)₂(acac)](25nm)/PBD(10nm)/Alq₃(30nm)/Mg;Ag(质量比9;1)(130nm)的电致发光器件,研究了其电致发光光谱.结果表明,该配合物在393和528nm处存在单重态¹MLCT(金属到配体的电荷跃迁)和三重态³MLCT的吸收峰;荧光光谱结果显示,在588nm处有较强的金属配合物三重态的磷光发射;电致发光光谱显示,该器件的启动电压是3.25V,器件的最大亮度为11478cd/m²,外量子效率为13.85%,器件的流明效率为15.54lm/W,是一种新型的高效率黄色磷光材料.     

新型酰胺功能化铱[III]配合物的光电性能

设计并制备三种具不同官能团的铱[III]邻菲啰啉配合物: [Ir(ppy)₂phen-Br]Cl, [Ir(ppy)₂phen-COOH]Cl, [Ir(ppy)₂phen-Si]Cl,以及对比参照物[Ir(ppy)₂phen-NH₂]Cl.其中, ppy为2-苯基吡啶, phen-Br为2-溴-2甲基-N-(1, 10-菲啰啉-5-基)丙酰胺, phen-COOH为4-[(1, 10-菲啰啉-5-基)氨基]-4-酰基丁烯酸, phen-Si为5-[N, N-二-3-(三乙氧硅)基]酰亚胺-1, 10-菲啰啉, phen-NH₂为5-氨基-邻菲啰啉,并采用核磁共振(NMR)、质谱(MS)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱、荧光(PL)光谱法和循环伏安法(CV)等对上述配合物进行了分析和表征.光物理性能研究结果表明:这些配合物在蓝-紫色可见光区域有较强吸收,可发射出明亮的黄色到橙红色荧光,量子效率达到12%以上.相比较于参照物[Ir(ppy)₂phen-NH₂]Cl (5.78 μs),三种新型配合物在量子效率未明显降低甚至提高的前提下,荧光寿命有了显著的提高(9.18-12.00 μs).其中, [Ir(ppy)₂phen-Br]Cl (1)不但有最高的荧光量子产率(32%)和最长的荧光寿命(12.00 μs),而且也具有最好的氧传感性能, I₀/I (无氧与纯氧条件下的荧光强度比值)可达到10.91.这使得[Ir(ppy)₂phen-Br]Cl有望成为接枝型,较高性能的光学氧传感器的候选氧敏指示剂.除此之外,还通过含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)计算对配合物光电性能进行补充说明,理论计算表明:这些配合物是以铱为中心的近似八面体结构,理论计算结果与实际实验数据相一致.     

Near-IR absorption transition of H4 to F2 for UCl6 complex in M2ZrCl6 host crystals (M = K, Rb, and Cs): an experimental and theoretical study

The near-IR electronic transition from ground-state Г₁ of ³H₄ to the excited-state Г₃ of ³F₂ for the UCl₆²⁻ complex in three M₂ZrCl₆ host crystals (M = K⁺, Rb⁺, and Cs⁺) has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The vibration frequency of the excited state is found to be sensitive to the alkaline ion substitution and the frequency variation follows the trend predicted by the ‘counterion effect’. In contrast to previous studies, the apparent anomaly in the intensity ratio of the two vibronic peaks from the prediction of a Boltzmann distribution relationship is attributed to the vibration frequency difference between the ground and the excited state. This new interpretation is supported by computer simulation of the experimental optical spectra.     

Kinetics and mechanisms of homogeneous catalytic reactions: Part 7. Hydroformylation of 1-hexene catalyzed by cationic complexes of rhodium and iridium containing PPh3

Cationic rhodium and iridium complexes of the type [M(COD)(PPh₃)₂]PF₆ (M = Rh, 1a; Ir, 1b) are efficient precatalysts for the hydroformylation of 1-hexene to its corresponding aldehydes (heptanal and 2-methylhexanal), under mild pressures (2–5 bar) and temperatures (60 °C for Rh and 100 °C for Ir) in toluene solution; the linear to branched ratio (l/b) of the aldehydes in the hydroformylation reaction varies slightly (between 3.0 and 3.7 for Rh and close to 2 for Ir). Kinetic and mechanistic studies have been carried out using these cationic complexes as catalyst precursors. For both complexes, the reaction proceeds according to the rate law r_i = K₁K₂K₃k₄[M][olef][H₂][CO]/([CO]² + K₁[H₂][CO] + K₁K₂K₃[olef][H₂]). Both complexes react rapidly with CO to produce the corresponding tricarbonyl species [M(CO)₃(PPh₃)₂]PF₆, M = Rh, 2a; Ir, 2b, and with syn-gas to yield [MH₂(CO)₂(PPh₃)₂]PF₆, M = Rh, 3a; Ir, 3b, which originate by CO dissociation the species [MH₂(CO)(PPh₃)₂]PF₆ entering the corresponding catalytic cycle. All the experimental data are consistent with a general mechanism in which the transfer of the hydride to a coordinated olefin promoted by an entering CO molecule is the rate-determining step of the catalytic cycle.     

Ultrafast luminescence in Ir(ppy)3

A femtosecond luminescence and transient absorption study of fac-tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium(III) [Ir(ppy)₃] is reported. An emission with a lifetime component of 230 fs in the spectral region 500–560 nm is assigned to the population equilibration between electronic substates of the lowest excited triplet state, with energy dissipation by intramolecular vibrational redistribution. At shorter wavelengths a strong emission with a faster decay was observed and is attributed to a state with a higher admixture of singlet character. A slower decay on a 3 ps time scale is attributed to vibrational cooling. The results contribute to an understanding of the photophysics of transition metal complexes.     

Microwave spectrum and conformation of isopropyl fluoroformate

The microwave spectrum of isopropyl fluoroformate is characterized by intense a-type R-branch transitions from one conformational species. The rotational constants of the ground state, A₀ = 4967.0(8) MHz, B₀ = 1704.69(2) MHz, C₀ = 1468.86(1) MHz and κ = −0.8651(2) are consistent with a τ₁ (O=COC) = 0°, τ₂(COCH) ˜35° structure. This structure can be viewed as a combination of the two conformational species found in ethyl fluoroformate. Two vibrational satellites having rotational constants A₀ = 4963(5) MHz, B₀ = 1694.11(7) MHz. C₀ = 1471.43(4) MHz and A₀=4998(6) MHz, B₀ = 1705.21(7) MHz, C₀ = 1471.10(4) MHz have been assigned.     

Synthesis and luminescent properties of Eu-complexes with 2-acyl-1,3-indandionates (ACIND) and TPPO ligands: The first X-ray structure of Eu–ACIND complex

Europium complexes presenting general formulas [Eu(ACIND)₃(H₂O)₂] and [Eu(ACIND)₃(TPPO)₂] have been synthesized and characterized. In these formulas ACIND is stands for the ligands 2-acetyl-1,3-indandionate (AIND), 2-isovaleryl-1,3-indandionate (ISOVIND) or 2-benzyl-1,3-indandionate (BIND). The [Eu(ISOVIND)₃(H₂O)(EtOH)] complex was also prepared and its structure determined by single crystal X-ray analysis, showing that this complex crystallize in a monoclinic space group P2₁/n with the water molecules bridging through the hydrogen bond. The Eu(III) ion is eight-coordinate in a bicapped trigonal prismatic geometry defined by the oxygen donor atoms with a site of symmetry close to C_2ν. Isovaleryl groups in the ISOVIND molecules in the structure are disordered over two positions of the europium complex. Carbon atoms in ethanol molecule are disordered by the thermal vibration. Photoluminescence properties of these complexes in solid state were investigated both experimentally and theoretically, suggesting an efficient ligand-to-metal intramolecular energy transfer process.     

Analysis on absorption spectra of Nd in poly(methyl methacrylate)

The absorption spectrum of neodymium (III) (Nd³⁺ doped in poly(methyl methacrylate) was measured. The Nephlauxetic effect was found in the spectrum compared to other spectra of Nd³⁺ doped in various matrices. The experimental data used, Slater-Condon parameters (F₂,F₄,F₆) and Lander parameter (ζ_4f) were calculated by the Taylor series expansion based on the assumption that the energy separation between J-levels of the 4fⁿ-configuration is a function of F₂,F₄,F₆ and ζ_4f. The Judd-Ofled intensity parameters (Ω₂,Ω₄,Ω₆) were also calculated. Analysis of the Nephlauxetic effect and the parameters variation on the host matrices was carried out.     

Rotational relaxation of homonuclear diatomic molecules by classical trajectory computation

The rotational relaxation times of molecular nitrogen and molecular chlorine have been obtained using an exact classical mechanical calculation and Wang Chang—Uhlenbeck's theory of polyatomic gases. The intermolecular potential used was an extended Lennard-Jones potential of the form V(R,_X1, _X2) = C₁₂R⁻¹² _1+b [P ₂(cos_X1)+P₂(cos_X2)]-C₆R⁻⁶ 1+ a[P₂(cos_X1) + P₂(cos_X2)]. Numerical results were obtained for a number ef values of the anisotropy parameters (a,b) for nitrogen and for a single set of values for chlorine. Comparison with experimental ultrasonic results for nitrogen gave very good agreement for (a,b) around (0.1, 0.7). Using a box-quantization procedure we have furthermore obtained detailed cross sections for inelastic collisions from which a surprisal analysis was carried out. The analysis showed that our results follow the exponential gap law of Polanyi, Ding and Woodall reasonably well although this law was suggested for atom—diatom collisions.     

卤代芳香族羧酸与含氮配体合成镧系配合物的结构、热化学和荧光性质（英文）

采用室温溶液挥发法合成了五种结构新颖的镧系配合物,其结构通式为[Ln(2,4-DFBA)₃(phen)]₂ (Ln=Sm 1, Eu2, Er 3, 2,4-DFBA为2,4二氟苯甲酸的简写,phen为1,10-菲啰啉的简写),[Ln(2-Cl-6-FBA)₂(terpy)(NO₃)(H₂O)]₂ (Ln=Tb4, Dy 5, 2-Cl-6-FBA为2-氯-6-氟苯甲酸的简写, terpy为2,2’:6’2’’-三联吡啶的简写)。五个配合物可以分为两个系列,使用不同的镧系离子作为中心离子。通过X射线单晶分析,5种配合物均属于单斜晶系,空间群为P21/n。配合物1,2和配合物3虽然具有相同的分子通式,但配位方式明显不同,形成了前者为9配位的松饼型,后者是8配位的双帽三棱柱几何构型。二维面状超分子结构的形成方式也明显不同,区别在于配合物1和2通过微弱的π-π堆积作用形成。配合物4和5是同构的,结构中引入了硝酸根离子较为有趣,通过C―H···F氢键和π-π堆积作...     

The dehydroxylation of basic aluminum sulfate: An infrared emission spectroscopic study

The tridecameric aluminum polymer [AlO₄Al₁₂(OH)₂₄(H₂O)₁₂]⁷⁺ was prepared by forced hydrolysis of Al³⁺ up to an OH/Al molar ratio of 2.2. Upon addition of sulfate, the tridecamer crystallized as the monoclinic basic aluminum sulfate Na_0.1[AlO₄Al₁₂(OH)₂₄(H₂O)₁₂](SO₄)_3.55. The dehydroxylation of the basic aluminum sulfate has been studied by Fourier transform in-situ infrared emission spectroscopy over a temperature range of 200° to 750°C at 50°C intervals. The spectrum is characterized by the sulfate ν₁ (1024 cm⁻¹), ν₃ doublet (1117 and 1168 cm⁻¹) and the ν₄ doublet (568 and 611 cm⁻¹) modes. Furthermore, minor bands assigned to nitrate are observed. Upon heating from ≈350° to 400°C major changes are observed, especially in the bandwidth and band intensities. The bands in the hydroxyl stretching region due to the Al₁₃ group disappear, whereas the bands around 1050 cm⁻¹ display various changes in bandwidths, intensities and positions associated with the dehydration and dehydroxylation of the basic sulfate and the changing of the structure into an aluminum oxosulfate. The nitrate bands diminish upon heating.