ZIF-67衍生的离子掺杂材料制备及电催化性能研究进展

钴基沸石咪唑酯骨架材料(ZIFs)结构和功能的多样化使其在电化学领域得到了广泛应用。然而,ZIF-67的低固有电导率和容易自聚集的性质,通常会导致高过电位。因此,有必要通过其他离子掺杂进行优化,以提高ZIF-67衍生物的电催化性能。本文概述了ZIF-67的合成及其析氧性能,总结了常见的通过离子掺杂提高ZIF-67析氧性能的方法,并梳理了其在催化电解水析氧方面的应用。最后对ZIF-67及其衍生物的发展方向和前景进行展望,为今后的研究提供参考。     

Pt纳米颗粒结合ZIF-67衍生的PtCo-NC催化剂用于醇类燃料电氧化（英文）

在本工作中,通过在氮气保护下热解Pt纳米颗粒结合的ZIF-67制备了由ZIF-67原位产生的氮掺杂碳负载Pt Co合金纳米颗粒组成的Pt Co-NC复合催化剂。通过X射线衍射,扫描电子显微镜,透射电子显微镜等物理表征手段研究了催化剂的结构和形貌,并测试了该催化剂对醇类燃料甲醇和乙醇氧化的电化学性能。与参比样Pt/C相比,Pt Co-NC催化剂的电催化活性与稳定性均得到了极大的提高,其优异的催化性能可以归因于抗一氧化碳中毒能力的提升和原位形成的Pt Co纳米颗粒和氮掺杂载体间的协同作用。     

钌-钯掺杂Ti/TiO2阳极电催化降解甲基橙研究

以偶氮染料甲基橙为处理对象, 分别考察了Ru, Pd及Ru-Pd掺杂的Ti/TiO2阳极的光、电催化活性, 并与Ti/RuOx-PdO阳极的电催化活性进行了比较; 利用XPS分析了Ru-Pd掺杂的Ti/TiO2阳极表面Ru, Pd及Ti的化学形态. 实验发现, Ru, Pd及Ru-Pd掺杂的Ti/TiO2阳极的光催化活性都有所降低, 而其电催化活性却都有大幅提升, 特别是Ru-Pd掺杂的Ti/TiO2阳极, 其电催化活性明显地优于Ti/RuOx-PdO阳极. XPS分析表明, Ru-Pd掺杂的Ti/TiO2阳极其光、电催化活性的变化可能与该阳极表面Ru, Pd及Ti的化学形态变化有关.     

钴基类沸石咪唑酯框架材料衍生的析氧反应活性催化剂（英文）

析氧反应(OER)在能量转换和储存技术中扮演着重要角色,例如在水分解和金属空气电池中,电催化剂的发展是主要任务.本文采用钴基的类沸石咪唑酯骨架结构材料(ZIFs)作为前驱体,在氩气保护气氛下,成功制备了氮掺杂钴镍磷多孔碳多面体电催化剂(CoNiP/NC).首先,采用ZIF-67作为前驱体,将ZIF-67和六水合硝酸镍按照一定比例在乙醇溶液中搅拌30 min,达到掺杂镍的目的,然后将其在不同温度下煅烧,得到的样品在300 oC氩气保护气氛下磷化,得到最终产物.所有电催化剂均通过控制碳化和磷化作用温度获得.通过对样品ZIF-67Ni进行EDS分析,证明镍成功负载到ZIF-67上,XPS结果也证明了这一点.由扫描电镜图可以看出,前驱体ZIF-67在负载Ni之后,样品表面形貌发生明显变化,表面变得粗糙,有明显的条文.磷化后样品的XRD结果说明磷化方法是成功的,同时XPS结果表明样品中有P元素存在.从扫描电镜图片可以明显看出,样品在煅烧之后表面形貌发生明显变化,由棱角明显变为表面粗糙,但是并未发生明显的团聚现象.XPS显示,样品CoNiP/NC700(700指煅烧温度(oC))中存在钴、镍、磷、碳、氮、氧这六种元素,另外还分析了其高分辨图.结果显示,电催化剂CoNiP/NC700表现出优越的电催化效率,在碱性溶液的电流密度10 mA/cm~2条件下,其开路电压约为220 mV,过电位约为300 mV.掺杂镍之后的样品性能比煅烧ZIF-67的样品好,说明镍对于提高析氧反应效率有益;同样,磷化之后样品的OER性能也有所提高.相比较而言,对于磷化之后的样品,煅烧温度是700℃时,OER催化效率最好.磷化杂化材料优越的电催化活性是由于其强的电子耦合相互作用而产生的协同效应,在镍、磷、碳等方面具有较强的协同效应.相互联系的非定形碳不仅固定了活性碳化合物以避免聚集,而且还为电子转移提供了传导通道.对样品CoNiP/NC700进行了稳定性测试,结果表明其稳定性较好,在循环10 h之后,活性仅下降了4%.这一研究表明,该复合电催化剂可能是电催化氧化反应的一个很有前景的候选催化剂.     

Fe-N共掺杂的碳纳米管串联空心球对氧还原反应的电催化

以ZIF-8为模板,通过表面包覆聚多巴胺、同时刻蚀ZIF-8中的Zn²⁺,形成空心球,在与三氯化铁络合后,经高温碳化和氨气热处理,得到了高比表面积的Fe-N共掺杂的碳纳米管串联的碳纳米空心球催化剂. 氨气不仅刻蚀碳基底提高比表面积,还可还原铁元素形成Fe₄N纳米粒子,提升了催化剂对氧还原反应的电催化活性,其氧还原半波电位达0.79 V,仅比商业Pt/C低60 mV,而且其稳定性和耐甲醇性更优于商业Pt/C,展示出良好的燃料电池应用潜力.     

钴-氮共掺杂石墨烯基二维介孔碳纳米材料用于氧还原催化剂

设计廉价高效的过渡金属/氮共掺杂碳材料并作为铂基材料的替代物应用于电催化氧还原反应(ORR),是目前加速燃料电池技术大规模商业化的有效途径之一,也是当前研究的焦点和难点.本文通过表面活性剂的辅助在氧化石墨烯(GO)表面原位生长钴掺杂的ZIF-8(Co-ZIF-8),以此为前驱体经过一步碳化得到二维5%Co/N-GO碳纳米材料,实现了钴/氮活性位点和介孔结构的同步构筑.5%Co/N-GO在碱性条件下具有非常优异的ORR催化性能,其起始电位、半波电位、极限电流密度和稳定性都优于商业Pt/C,同时表现出极优的四电子选择性.这些优异的性能主要得益于二维超薄的介孔结构大大促进了反应过程的物料传输和活性位点的暴露率;同时,高度分散的Co Nx活性位点与氮掺杂位点产生高效的协同催化作用,显著增强了该材料的电催化氧还原性能.     

硼掺杂的NiO修饰玻碳电极电催化氧化甲醇（英文）

采用计时电流法,线性扫描伏安法和安培曲线来研究B-Ni O的电催化氧化甲醇过程.研究结果表明,该B-Ni O电极具有良好的电催化作用,活性高,稳定性好,在电极上对甲醇的氧化动力学过程为单扩散动力学控制过程.与块状Ni(OH)_2相比,硼掺杂的Ni O纳米花在碱性介质中电催化氧化甲醇的电流密度提高了50倍.由于B-Ni O纳米花出色的电化学性能使其在电氧化甲醇上具有潜在的应用前景.     

Mo掺杂调控电子结构增强NiS电催化固氮性能

以泡沫镍为骨架,通过水热法制备了Mo掺杂的NiS多级纳米花状结构(Mo-NiS)。在偏压为-0.7 V(vs RHE)下,2 h内,0.83 Mo-NiS(制备时钼、镍物质的量之比为0.83)的电催化固氮速率平均可达4.21μg·cm~(-2)·h~(-1),法拉第效率平均为18%。XPS测试和DFT计算表明,Mo掺杂增加了Ni活性位点周围的电子云密度,提高了电荷传输速率,促使*NNH_2到*N能垒大幅度降低,从而提升了电催化固氮效率。     

碱性介质中W,Ni和Sn掺杂的Pt-Ru/C电催化氧化甲醇的性能

直接以Pt, Ru, W, Ni和Sn的金属盐为前驱体, 通过溶胶法制备了不同原子比的Pt-Ru-M/C(M=W, Ni, Sn)碳载纳米合金催化剂, 用X射线衍射(XRD)和X光电子能谱(XPS)表征催化剂的晶相结构、表面组成及价态形式, 采用循环伏安法测试催化剂电催化氧化甲醇活性. 结果表明, 掺杂Ni和W可明显提高Pt-Ru/C催化活性, 掺杂Sn则降低了Pt-Ru/C催化活性. 其中Pt5-Ru4-Ni0.7/C的活性最高, 在1.0 mol/L NaOH＋1.0 mol/L CH3OH溶液中峰电流达835.2 mA/mg, 甲醇起始氧化电位比Pt5-Ru5/C低约0.11 V.     

F-和Fe3+掺杂对Ti基PbO2阳极性能的影响

采用热分解-电镀法制备了Ti基PbO2,阳极(Ti/PbO2),F-掺杂PbO2阳极(Ti/F-PbO2),Fe3+掺杂PbO2阳极(TiP/Fe-PbO2)和F-,Fe3+共掺杂PbO2,阳极(Ti/F-Fe-PbO2).采用XRD和EDX测试对电极进行了表征,应用加速电解寿命测试和电催化降解4-氯苯酚(4-CP)污水,考察了F-掺杂,Fe3+掺杂和F-,Fe3+共掺杂对PbO2阳极稳定性及电催化活性的影响.结果表明,Ti/F-PbO2和Ti/FePbO2阳极有相近的电催化降解活性,但与Fe3+掺杂相比,F-掺杂大大提高了PbO2阳极的加速电解寿命.对Ti/F-Fe-PbO2阳极,Fe3+掺杂改善了其导电性能.同时F-掺杂提高了阳极的稳定性能,使其有较长的电解寿命.与Ti/PbO2,Ti/F-PbO2和Ti/Fe-PbO2阳极相比,Ti/F-Fe-PbO2阳极的电催化降解活性显著提高,这不仅与其导电性能的改善有关,更与F-掺杂和Fe3+掺杂对4-CP降解的表面协同作用有关.     

Preparation of a Dual-MOF Heterostructure (ZIF@MIL) for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity

Although metal-organic frameworks have proven to be excellent electrocatalytic materials, their application as electrode materials remains limited. The preparation of heterostructures is considered an effective method to improve catalytic activity. Herein, we describe the design and assembly of a dual-MOF heterostructure (CoNi−ZIF-67@Fe−MIL-100, denoted ZIF@MIL). Specifically, we grew a layer of MIL-100 in situ on a bimetallic ZIF-67 surface using a solvothermal method. We demonstrate that the ZIF@MIL has remarkable OER electrocatalytic performance, requiring a low overpotential and showing a small Tafel slope, compared to pure ZIF-67 and MIL-100 in 1.0 m KOH. More importantly, it has excellent operational durability for 50 h at 100 mA cm⁻². The high catalytic activity of ZIF@MIL can be attributed to the heterostructure that can expose more active sites, the synergistic effect between ZIF-67 and MIL-100, and improvement of electron transfer ability. Our work provides a new way to design and prepare dual-MOF crystals with different structures as electrocatalysts.     

Recent Progress on the Synthesis and Modified Strategies of Zeolitic-Imidazole Framework-67 Towards Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction

As a class of metal-organic framework, the zeolitic-imidazole framework-67 is constructed from bridging cobalt ions and 2-methylimidazole. The high content of abundant active cobalt species, uniform structure, ultrahigh porosity, and large surface area show the potential for multiple catalytic applications, especially electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The design and synthetic strategies of catalyst-based ZIF-67 that approach the maximized catalytic performance are still challenging in further development. Herein, the current progress strategy on the structural design, synthetic route, and functionalization of electrocatalysts based on ZIF-67 to boost the catalytic performance of OER is reviewed. Besides, the structurally designed catalyst from various fabricated strategies corresponding to enhancing catalytic activity is discussed. The emphasized review for understanding design and synthetic structure with catalytic performance could guide researchers in further developing catalyst-based ZIF-67 for improving the efficient electrocatalytic OER.     

Bifunctional 3D-MOF-based nanoprobes for electrochemical sensing and nanozyme enhanced with peroxidase mimicking for colorimetric detection of acetaminophen

The outgrowth of the zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF-67) with substantial benefits was significantly used in the present study. The attractive properties of ZIF-67 are envisioned to develop a dual-functional sensing platform as electrochemical and colorimetric for acetaminophen detection. Co-ZIF-67 was developed as a synthesis-controlled material via three different preparation techniques as ZIF-67-C, ZIF-67-A, and ZIF-67-H. ZIF-67-C prepared via simple co-precipitation strategy in room temperature acquired rhombic dodecahedral structure with increased electrocatalytic activity. ZIF-67-C nanozyme exhibits enzymatic activity with intrinsic peroxidase mimicking and higher electron affinity than ZIF-67-A and ZIF-67-H. The well-developed ZIF-67-C without further aggregation and a steadily build structure resulted in an enhanced response. While the higher chance of aggregation and irregular arrangements of ZIF-67-A and ZIF-67-H resulted in lower performance toward acetaminophen detection. Moreover, the absorption of 3, 3 ', 5, 5' – tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) molecules could lower the diffusion distance leading to improved peroxidase mimicking activity. Nanozyme ZIF-67-C effectively oxidizes TMB to TMBox product and with hydroxyl radicals (^?OH) generation from H₂O₂ decomposition. Michaelis-Menten and Lineweaver Burk's model was estimated. The LOD was 0.014 μM (electrochemical) and 0.034 μM (calorimetric). The real samples as river water and lake water show good recovery in both sensing modes. The high surface area, improved electrical conductivity, high porosity of the prepared ZIF-67-C sample is beneficial for dual sensing applications and determined to be used in several applications.     

A High Efficient Electrocatalytic Activity of Metal-organic Frameworks ZnO/Ag/ZIF-8 Nanocomposite for Electrochemical Detection of Toxic Heavy Metal Ions

A novel electrochemical sensor on ZIF-8 nanocomposites (Ag/ZnO/ZIF-8) was developed to analyze the mercury ions (Hg²⁺). The ZIF-8 materials are one of the 3-dimensional porous metal-organic frameworks with highly accessible pores and great surface area. The ZIF-8 nanocomposites were prepared through simple sol-gel methods and their physio-chemical properties were characterized via different analytical analyses. As a result of cyclic voltammetry, Ag/ZnO/ZIF-8 exhibited a better electrocatalytic behavior towards the detection of mercury ions (Hg²⁺). Furthermore, the composite modified electrode was then inspected as a sensor for DPV detection of mercury ions. The nanocomposite sensor performed a wide linear range from 0.5 μM to 140 μM with a low detection limit of 40 nM, and high sensitivity of 56.06 μA μM⁻¹ cm⁻². Moreover, the ZIF-8 composite sensor showed a higher selectivity toward the detection of mercury ions (Hg²⁺). The real-time applications of the ZIF-8 composites sensor were inspected in various samples with good sensitivity.     

Synthesis and Optimization of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Metal–organic frameworks/zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (MOFs/ZIFs) and their post-synthesis modified nanostructures, such as oxides, hydroxides, and carbons have generated significant interest for electrocatalytic reactions. In this work, a high and durable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance directly from bimetallic Zn_100−xCo_x-ZIF samples is reported, without carrying out high-temperature calcination and/or carbonization. ZIFs can be reproducibly and readily synthesized in large scale at ambient conditions. The bimetallic ZIFs show a systematic and gradually improved OER activity with increasing cobalt concentration. A further increase in OER activity is evidenced in ZIF-67 polyhedrons with controlled particle size of <200 nm among samples of different sizes between 50 nm and 2 μm. Building on this, a significantly enhanced, >50 %, OER activity is obtained with ZIF-67/carbon black, which shows a low overpotential of approximately 320 mV in 1.0 m KOH electrolyte. Such activity is comparable to or better than numerous MOF/ZIF-derived electrocatalysts. The optimized ZIF-67 sample also exhibits increased activity and durability over 24 h, which is attributed to an in situ developed active cobalt oxide/oxyhydroxide related nanophase.     

Ultra-small Size ZIF-8 Materials for Efficient and Selective Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to CO

Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIFs) are considered as a novel porous material combining high stability in inorganic zeolites with high porosity and organic functionality of MOFs. The cage-like structure selectively and efficiently traps CO₂, which is an indispensable and critical step for Electrocatalytic CO₂ Reduction Reaction (CO₂RR). In this work, ultrasmall ZIF-8 nanomaterials are synthesized by tuning the molar ratio of the feedstock and used as electrocatalysts for the selective reduction of CO₂ to CO. The catalytic activity of the ultra-small size ZIF-8 material for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ can reach satisfactory results with a Faraday efficiency of 91 % for CO and a stability of 12.5 h at a high applied potential of −1.8 V vs. RHE. The investigation can provide a new idea to explore for the design and improvement of catalysts for CO₂RR.     

Facile Fabrication of a Continuous ZIF-67 Membrane for Efficient Azeotropic Organic Solvent Mixture Separation

Azeotropic organic solvent mixture separation is common in the chemical industry but extremely difficult. Zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) shows great potential in organic solvent mixture separation due to its rigid micropores and excellent stability. However, due to the fast nucleation rate, it is a great challenge to prepare continuous ZIF-67 membrane layers with ultrathin thickness. In this study, a hydroxy salt layer with high inducible activity was synthesized as a precursor on different porous substrates to prepare ZIF-67 membranes at room temperature. The precursor layer enables an intact ZIF-67 membrane with an ultrathin thickness of 176±12 nm. The experimental and simulation results confirmed that the size sieving through the pore windows and the preferential adsorption of polar solvent molecules provide the ZIF-67 membrane an unprecedented separation performance such as high separation factors and fluxes, for four types of azeotropic organic solvent mixtures.     

Synthesis of Cu^Ⅱ/ZIF-8 Metal-organic Framework Catalyst and Its Application in the Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols

The tliree-dimensional copper-doped zeolitic imidazolate framework ZIF-8(Cu^Ⅱ/ZIF-8) was prepared by a metal ion exchange process, using reaction of three different copper salts, zinc nitrate hexahydrate[Zn(NO)3·6H2O] and 2?methylimidazole(2-MelM) under nitrogen atmosphere at the room temperature. The TEM and PXRD results indicated that the morphology of Cu^Ⅱ/ZIF-8 was rhombic dodecahedron and the structure was intact after copper was doped into the porous ZIF-8. The synthesized Cu(NO3)2/ZIF-8 heterogeneous catalyst showed an excellent activity for tlie aerobic oxidation of primary alcohols employing molecular oxygen as oxidant. Moreover, tlie Cu(NO3)2/ZIF-8 heterogeneous catalyst can cycled 15 times without leaching of copper.     

不同方法合成的沸石咪唑酯骨架结构材料(ZIF-8)的表征和催化性能

以二甲基咪唑为有机连接体和以Zn(OH)₂或Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O为Zn源,在甲醇与氨水的混合溶液、甲醇和DMF₃种不同的合成体系中合成了沸石咪唑酯骨架结构材料ZIF-8(分别记为ZIF-8(NH₄OH)、ZIF-8(MeOH)和ZIF-8(DMF),并采用XRD、FTIR、N₂吸附、SEM、TPD及Knoevenagel缩合反应等手段对所合成材料进行了表征。结果表明,采用这3种不同的合成方法均可成功制备出ZIF-8,所合成的ZIF-8的形貌基本一致,但其晶粒大小和酸碱性能有较大区别,同ZIF-8(NH₄OH)和ZIF-8(DMF)相比,ZIF-8(MeOH)晶粒分布集中、平均粒径较小且具有较大的外比表面积和较多的酸碱位。不同方法合成的ZIF-8在苯甲醛和丙二腈的Knoevenagel缩合反应中的催化性能有很大差异,ZIF-8(MeOH)催化活性明显高于ZIF-8(DMF)和ZIF-8(NH₄OH),其较高的催化活性,同其较大的外比表面积和酸碱性能密切相关。