酸催化及竞争吸附对CeY分子筛吸附脱硫性能的影响（英文）

采用液相离子交换(LPIE)法制备了CeY分子筛,并研究烯烃和芳烃对其吸附脱硫性能的影响.利用固定床穿透曲线技术研究吸附剂的脱硫性能,结果表明:烯烃和芳烃的存在均导致吸附剂吸附硫容量减少,然而,烯烃的影响明显强于芳烃.采用原位傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱技术研究噻吩、环己烯和苯的吸附行为,结果发现:烯烃和芳烃降低吸附剂脱硫性能的实质分别为吸附剂表面酸性导致的酸催化反应和π-络合吸附的芳烃分子与硫化物分子的竞争吸附.另外,烯烃的影响取决于吸附剂的表面酸性,尤其是强B酸(Br?nsted酸)中心.这是由于B酸中心会导致烯烃和噻吩发生质子化反应,且质子化物种易于进一步发生低聚反应.生成的低聚物覆盖吸附活性中心导致吸附剂对其它噻吩分子的吸附能力降低.     

FCC汽油中含硫化合物在Ce交换的Y型分子筛上的吸附

 研究了NaY分子筛在与硝酸铈溶液进行液相离子交换前后对含有大量芳烃和烯烃的FCC汽油的吸附脱硫. 结果表明,在室温和常压下,以离子交换方式将Ce3+引入到Y分子筛中后,分子筛吸附剂对FCC汽油的脱硫选择性明显提高,并且脱硫选择性随分子筛中Ce3+含量的增多而提高. 噻吩吸附的红外光谱表明,在Ce3+改性后的分子筛吸附剂上存在着噻吩分子直接以硫原子与吸附剂相互作用的吸附模式,这种不同于π络合的吸附方式可能不易受FCC汽油中竞争分子的影响,因此分子筛表现出较高的吸附脱硫选择性.     

酸催化及竞争吸附对CeY分子筛吸附脱硫性能的影响

采用液相离子交换(LPIE)法制备了CeY分子筛,并研究烯烃和芳烃对其吸附脱硫性能的影响. 利用固定床穿透曲线技术研究吸附剂的脱硫性能,结果表明：烯烃和芳烃的存在均导致吸附剂吸附硫容量减少,然而,烯烃的影响明显强于芳烃. 采用原位傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱技术研究噻吩、环己烯和苯的吸附行为,结果发现：烯烃和芳烃降低吸附剂脱硫性能的实质分别为吸附剂表面酸性导致的酸催化反应和π-络合吸附的芳烃分子与硫化物分子的竞争吸附. 另外,烯烃的影响取决于吸附剂的表面酸性,尤其是强B酸(Brönsted 酸)中心.这是由于B酸中心会导致烯烃和噻吩发生质子化反应,且质子化物种易于进一步发生低聚反应. 生成的低聚物覆盖吸附活性中心导致吸附剂对其它噻吩分子的吸附能力降低.     

原位傅里叶变换红外光谱研究Y型分子筛表面酸性对吸附有机分子的影响

采用吡啶原位吸附傅里叶变换红外(Py-FTIR)光谱对液相离子交换(LPIE)和固相离子交换(SSIE)法制备的CeY分子筛以及HY和NaY的酸性进行了测定. 在原位条件下采用单探针分子噻吩、环己烯和苯对其在分子筛上的吸附过程进行了研究; 以噻吩和环己烯、噻吩和苯组成的双探针分子对吸附过程中存在的竞争吸附、催化反应以及吸附机理进行了系统研究. 结果表明, HY和L-CeY 分子筛表面强Brönsted (B)酸性位可导致吸附在其表面的噻吩发生低聚反应以及吸附的环己烯产生二聚环己烯碳正离子. 低聚的噻吩和吸附的环己烯在分子筛上发生强的化学吸附, 进一步抑制和阻碍噻吩硫化物与分子筛吸附活性中心发生作用, 从而降低了吸附剂的选择性以及吸附硫化物的能力. 吸附剂表面Lewis (L)酸中心是吸附的主要活性中心, 大量弱的L 酸, 有利于噻吩吸附. 并且, S-CeY分子筛表面弱的L酸对吸附噻吩具有一定的选择性, 它受到环己烯的影响较小, NaY吸附剂对噻吩、环己烯和苯选择性较差, 它只与吸附质作用的先后有关.     

NiY分子筛表面酸性影响其选择性吸附脱硫性能的机理研究

采用原位红外光谱技术,以噻吩、环己烯和苯为模型探针分子,分别考察单一烃分子在NiY分子筛上的吸附与反应行为以及噻吩与烯烃、芳烃间的竞争吸附和催化反应行为。单一探针分子吸附研究发现,NiY分子筛中与Ni物种相关的Lewis(L)酸位是噻吩的选择性吸附活性位;噻吩和环己烯在NiY分子筛中Brnsted(B)酸位上发生的质子化和低聚反应明显弱于HY分子筛。双探针分子竞争吸附研究发现,环己烯二聚体在NiY中强B酸位上的强化学吸附与噻吩存在显著的竞争吸附行为。另外,苯和噻吩在NiY上的竞争吸附现象在373K时明显减弱。由此,在选择性吸附脱硫过程中,减少吸附剂表面B酸中心可降低烯烃对噻吩的竞争吸附,另外适当提高吸附体系的温度可以有效避免芳烃对噻吩的竞争吸附。     

1,5-己二烯和苯对NiY分子筛脱硫性能的影响

利用固定床、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)及频率响应(FR)等方法研究了1,5-己二烯和苯对NiY分子筛脱硫性能的影响机理. 结果表明, 吸附剂的选择性吸附脱硫性能随着模拟燃料中1,5-己二烯和苯含量的增加而显著降低, 苯的影响比1,5-己二烯更显著. 1,5-己二烯和苯影响NiY脱硫的机理不同, 在吸附剂表面质子酸的作用下, 烯烃与噻吩发生催化反应, 噻吩开环生成烷基噻吩类大分子化合物, 这类吸附堵塞分子筛的孔道, 阻碍硫化物分子进入超笼与其中的金属阳离子吸附活性中心发生吸附作用. 通过FR光谱观察, 得知吸附过程是噻吩在NiY分子筛中传质过程的速控步骤, 扩散过程是苯在NiY分子筛上动力学过程的速控步骤, 这使噻吩从吸附中心上置换下来的苯不易从分子筛孔道中扩散出去, 从而阻碍了噻吩在吸附中心上的吸附.     

NiY分子筛选择性吸附脱硫性能及作用机理

用液相离子交换法制备了NiY分子筛,并用XRD、TEM、ICP、N2吸附和吡啶吸附原位红外技术等表征手段对其进行了表征. 利用固定床、气相色谱-硫发光检测器（GC-SCD）及傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）等方法系统研究了NiY分子筛对噻吩、2-甲基噻吩、3-甲基噻吩、四氢噻吩、苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩、4-甲基二苯并噻吩、4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩8种有机硫化物的选择性吸附脱硫性能和吸附机理. 结果表明,NiY分子筛对硫化物的穿透吸附硫容量顺序为四氢噻吩﹥苯并噻吩≈二苯并噻吩≈4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩﹥4-甲基二苯并噻吩﹥2-甲基噻吩≈3-甲基噻吩﹥噻吩,说明有机硫化物的空间位阻效应不是其在NiY分子筛上吸附的决定因素. 红外结果表明,不同硫化物与NiY分子筛的作用机理并不相同,但主要以硫原子与金属离子配位作用（S-M作用）为主. 噻吩及其烷基取代物在NiY吸附剂上表面酸性作用下发生催化反应,噻吩环的共轭体系遭到破坏形成硫化物大分子或聚合物,导致分子筛孔道的堵塞,严重影响吸附剂的吸附脱硫能力. NiY的选择性吸附脱硫性能是硫化物与吸附中心的作用模式及吸附剂表面酸性综合作用的结果.     

Mn/Al-SBA-15的制备及吸附脱硫性能

以嫁接法制备的Al-SBA-15为载体,醋酸锰为活性组分前驱体,通过浸渍法制备Mn/Al-SBA-15吸附剂。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、N₂吸附-脱附、NH₃程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)、吡啶-原位傅里叶变换红外(Py-FTIR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等表征手段对吸附剂进行分析,以模拟汽油中噻吩的脱除反应为模型反应考察了吸附剂的吸附性能,确定了吸附剂的最佳Al/Si物质的量比,并结合表征结果对吸附剂脱硫过程进行机理探讨,最后研究了吸附剂的再生性能。实验结果表明,当Al/Si(mol ratio)为1:45时,吸附剂脱硫性能最高;吸附剂主要通过酸碱作用吸附噻吩分子;Al的引入提高了吸附剂的结构稳定性,从而提高了吸附剂的再生性能。     

介孔材料MCM-41上汽油吸附深度脱硫

 研究了不同硅铝比的MCM-41介孔材料作为吸附剂对模型汽油以及真实FCC汽油的脱硫性能. 结果表明,在室温和常压下,MCM-41介孔材料对模型溶液中噻吩的吸附随着吸附剂中铝含量的增加而显著提高. 吡啶吸附的红外光谱显示,噻吩吸附容量的提高与吸附材料酸性的明显增大有直接关系. 但在对FCC汽油的吸附脱硫实验中,随着MCM-41中铝含量的提高,脱硫率并未增大. 这主要是由于在FCC汽油中存在大量性质与噻吩类含硫化合物十分相近的芳烃和烯烃,竞争吸附导致MCM-41对有机硫化物的吸附能力显著降低.     

改性Ｙ型分子筛的吸附脱硫性能以及苯，萘对吸附的影响

采用离子交换法制备了经金属离子改性的Y型分子筛吸附剂, 并用XRF, XRD, XPS对吸附剂的化学组成, 晶相结构等进行了表征. 以含噻吩, 苯并噻吩的辛烷溶液为模型燃料考察了吸附剂的吸附脱硫性能以及苯, 萘对脱硫的影响. 结果表明, Cu(Ⅰ)Y, CuZnY具有较大的吸附容量, 而苯对苯并噻吩吸附脱除性能几乎没有影响, 但对噻吩的吸附性能影响较大, 萘对苯并噻吩和噻吩的脱除都有较大的抑制作用. 并由此推测, 吸附剂与苯并噻吩或萘的结合比噻吩或苯更紧密, 吸附的机理是π络合.     

Effects of toluene on thiophene adsorption over NaY and Ce(IV)Y zeolites

Zeolites NaY and Ce(IV)Y were employed as adsorbents to remove organic sulfur compounds from model gasoline(MG) solutions with and without toluene in static adsorption experiments at room temperature(RT) and atmospheric pressure.The adsorbents were characterized by XRD,XRF and pyridine infrared spectrum(IR).The adsorption experiments show that the desulfurization performance of Ce(IV)Y is much better than that of NaY.The sulfur removal over both NaY and Ce(IV)Y decreases with the increase of toluene concentration in MG,however,the decline tendency on Ce(IV)Y is smooth,and it is steep on NaY.FT-IR spectra of thiophene adsorption indicate that thiophene molecules are mainly adsorbed on NaY via π electron interaction,but on Ce(IV)Y,in addition to the π electron interaction,both Ce4+-S direct interaction and protonation of thiophene also play important roles.Toluene molecules are adsorbed on NaY also via π electron interaction.Although the amount of Brnsted acid sites is increased due to the introduction of Ce4+ ions into NaY zeolite,it is not found to influence the adsorption mode of toluene over Ce(IV)Y.Compared with NaY zeolite,the improved desulfurization performance over Ce(IV)Y for removing organic sulfur compounds from MG solution,especially those containing large amount of aromatics,may be ascribed to the direct Ce(IV)-S interaction,which is much resistant to the influence resulted from toluene adsorption.     

CuNaY分子筛的有效吸附位与其脱硫性能的关联性研究

以液相离子交换法制备了一系列不同Cu负载量的CuNaY分子筛;采用XRD及N₂吸附-脱附表征分子筛的微观结构和织构性质,采用动态吸附法考察其对噻吩模拟油的吸附脱硫性能,结合NH₃-TPD和Py-FTIR方法对CuNaY分子筛的酸量和有效Cu⁺物种进行定量分析,研究了CuNaY分子筛的表面酸性和铜物种形态结构对其吸附脱硫性能的影响机制。结果表明,通过改变铜负载量可有效调控改性Y分子筛的表面酸性以及铜物种化学形态;适量铜物种的引入可以最大限度的形成有效吸附位,从而获得最优吸附脱硫性能,而过量的Cu物种会在Y分子筛笼内形成多核铜物种结构,导致有效吸附位点的减少,影响其对噻吩的吸附能力。     

Deep adsorptive desulfurization over Cu,Ce bimetal ion-exchanged Y-typed molecule sieve

In this paper, Ce(IV)–Y, Cu(II)–Y and Cu(II)–Ce(IV)–Y adsorbents were prepared by the liquid-phase ion-exchange Y zeolites with combined Cu and Ce ions at low temperature and room pressure. The adsorbents were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, N₂-adsorption specific surface area measurements (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Pyridine adsorption infrared spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared. The adsorptive desulfurization properties of these three adsorbents were studied in a fixed-bed unit through a model gasoline which made up of 1-octane solution of the refractory sulfur compounds (Such as thiophene and benzothiophene) and a certain amount of toluene or cyclohexene. The results indicate that Cu(II)–Ce(IV)–Y bind the organic sulfur compounds through two types of adsorption modes: π-complexation and direct sulfur–adsorbent interaction. The adsorption selectivity of sulfur compounds onto Cu(II)–Ce(IV)–Y decreased in the order: benzothiophene > 2,5-dimethylthiophene > 3-methylthiophene > thiophene. The effect of competition components on the metal ion-exchanged Y zeolites for sulfur removal in the order: cyclohexene > toluene. The Cu(II)–Ce(IV)–Y possesses the high sulfur adsorption capacity similar to Cu(II)–Y and high selectivity for sulfur compounds similar to Ce(IV)–Y, which can be attributed to the synergistic interaction between Cu²⁺ and Ce⁴⁺.     

Selective adsorption of thiophene and 1-benzothiophene on metal-ion-exchanged zeolites in organic medium

Adsorption of the organic sulfur compounds thiophene (TP) and 1-benzothiophene (1-BTP) in an organic model solution of hydrodesulfurizated gasoline (heptane with 1 wt% toluene and 0.156 mM (5 ppmw as sulfur) TP or 1-BTP) was studied by a batch method at 80 degrees C using metal-ion-exchanged Y-zeolites. Although NaY-zeolite or its acid-treated material rarely adsorbed the organic sulfur compounds, NaY-zeolites exchanged with Ag+, Cu2+, and Ce3+ ions and NH(4)Y-zeolites exchanged with Ce3+ ions showed markedly high adsorptive capacities for TP and 1-BTP. The sulfur uptake increased in the order CuY-zeolite(Na)相似文献   

CuNaY分子筛的制备及其催化甲醇氧化羰基化

采用多种铜盐溶液与NaY分子筛离子交换制备了CuNaY催化剂,通过加入氨水提高溶液pH值以及高温活化,显著提高了该催化剂对甲醇氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯的反应活性。不同的铜盐水溶液交换制备的CuNaY催化剂催化活性不同,添加氨水将溶液pH值调节为11后,离子交换制备的CuNaY催化剂的催化活性和DMC选择性明显升高且趋于一致。经元素分析、XRD、XPS和H₂-TPR表征可知,加入氨水可促进Cu²⁺离子交换的进行,提高CuNaY催化剂中Cu的交换量,催化剂中约75%的Cu²⁺定位于分子筛的超笼中。     

Cu(I)-Ce(IV)-Y吸附剂的制备及其脱硫性能研究

采用液相离子交换Cu、Ce离子制备了Cu(I)-Y、Ce(IV)-Y和Cu(I)-Ce(IV)-Y吸附剂,利用XRD、BET等技术对吸附剂进行了表征。通过静态实验考察了制备条件对Cu(I)-Ce(IV)-Y吸附剂脱硫性能的影响,通过固定床实验研究了吸附剂的穿透硫容,同时,在含噻吩与苯并噻吩的正辛烷模拟油中,分别加入甲苯、环己烯、吡啶配成新的模拟油,探究了吸附剂的脱硫选择性。结果表明,离子交换时间48 h,焙烧温度550℃,Cu/Ce物质的量比1∶1下制备的Cu(I)-Ce(IV)-Y吸附剂具有适宜的脱硫活性。在含甲苯、环己烯模拟油中,Cu(I)-Ce(IV)-Y吸附剂具有最好的脱硫性能,相同浓度的甲苯、环己烯和吡啶对各吸附剂脱硫性能的影响顺序为吡啶环己烯甲苯。引入Cu+可改善吸附剂的脱硫活性,引入Ce4+可改善吸附剂对硫化物的选择性,Cu+和Ce4+的协同作用使Cu(I)-Ce(IV)-Y兼具有高的硫容和抗芳烃、烯烃能力。     

Effect of operating conditions on the removal of Pb2+ by microporous titanosilicate ETS-10 in a fixed-bed column

The breakthrough behavior of Pb2+ in an ETS-10 fixed bed was experimentally examined at various operating conditions. Results showed that the adsorption amount of Pb2+ ions per unit mass of ETS-10 particles in a column is about 1.68 mmol/g under the experimental conditions. This amount was not markedly affected by the operating conditions because of the rapid adsorption rate of Pb2+ ions on ETS-10. In the presence of competitive metal ions, the amount of Pb2+ adsorbed on ETS-10 was slightly reduced. An overshoot of the effluent concentrations of competitive metal ions Cu2+ and Cd2+ was observed in the adsorption systems of binary and ternary solutions. This is ascribed to the replacement of pre-adsorbed Cu2+ and Cd2+ ions by Pb2+ ions. The ETS-10 column broken up by Pb2+ ions can be regenerated by using an EDTA-Na2 solution and the regenerated column can be reused.     

The study of thiophene adsorption onto La(III)-exchanged zeolite NaY by FT-IR spectroscopy

Zeolites NaY and LaNaY (ion-exchanged with aqueous lanthanum nitrate solution) were used as adsorbents for removing organic sulfur compounds from model gasoline solutions (without and with toluene) and fluid catalytic cracked gasoline in fixed-bed adsorption equipment at room temperature and atmosphere pressure. The adsorptive selectivity for organic sulfur compounds was significantly increased when Na(+) ions in zeolite NaY were exchanged with lanthanum ions. IR spectra of thiophene adsorption indicate that thiophene is adsorbed onto La(3+) ions via direct S-La(3+) interaction and Na(+) ions via pi-electronic interaction for La(3+)-exchanged zeolite NaY, but only via pi-electronic interaction with Na(+) ions for NaY. The amount of adsorbed thiophene on La(3+)-exchanged zeolite Y was slightly decreased by coadsorption of benzene, but greatly reduced on NaY. The adsorption of thiophene via interaction with La(3+) on La(3+)-exchanged zeolite Y is hardly replaced by benzene coadsorption. The direct S-La(3+) interaction might be the essential reason for the evidently improved adsorptive selectivity of LaNaY for removing organic sulfur compounds from solutions containing large amount of aromatics.     

A novel adsorbent for protein chromatography: supermacroporous monolithic cryogel embedded with Cu2+-attached sporopollenin particles

The aim of this study is to prepare supermacroporous cryogels embedded with Cu(2+)-attached sporopollenin particles (Cu(2+)-ASP) having large surface area for high protein adsorption capacity. Supermacroporous poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA)-based monolithic cryogel column embedded with Cu(2+)-ASP was prepared by radical cryo-copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBAAm) as cross-linker directly in a plastic syringe for affinity purification of human serum albumin (HSA). Firstly, Cu(2+) ions were attached to sporopollenin particles (SP), then the supermacroporous PHEMA cryogel with embedded Cu(2+)-ASP was produced by free radical polymerization using N,N,N',N'-tetramethylene diamine (TEMED) and ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator/activator pair in an ice bath. Embedded particles (10 mg) in PHEMA-based cryogel column were used in the adsorption/desorption of HSA from aqueous solutions. Optimum conditions of adsorption experiments were performed at pH 8.0 phosphate buffer, with flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, and at 5°C. The maximum amount of HSA adsorption from aqueous solution was very high (677.4 mg/g SP) with initial concentration 6 mg/mL. It was observed that HSA could be repeatedly adsorbed and desorbed to the embedded Cu(2+)-ASP in PHEMA cryogel without significant loss of adsorption capacity.     

改性高粱秸秆对Cu(Ⅱ)吸附性能及热力学和动力学分析

研究了改性高粱秸秆对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附性能。结果表明,pH对改性高粱秸秆吸附Cu(Ⅱ)影响显著。常温(30℃)下,对20mL pH=5.0的20mg/L的Cu(Ⅱ)溶液,改性高粱秸秆投加量0.35g,吸附时间60min,Cu(Ⅱ)去除率可达84.82%。改性高粱秸秆对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温方程和准二级动力学模型,吸附过程的△G0<0,△H0>0且仅为4.31kJ/mol,△S0>0说明改性高粱秸秆对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附是以单分子层物理吸附为主的自发吸热过程。