电泳法研究改性硅灰石的表面性质

本工作用测定水合金属氧化物等电点的方法,作为评定在硅灰石表面镁的包膜技术,为硅灰石的一物多用提供了新的途径;亦为在硅灰石表面包覆其他金属氧化物找到了一种新的方法。 本工作还研究了影响镁包覆的几种因素,结果表明,在硅灰石表面镁包膜的最佳条件为:pH=10,氢氧化镁溶胶的浓度为0.1mol·1~(-1),平衡时间为1小时,液固质量比为10以上。     

溶胶处理对硅灰石表面性质的影响

本工作用锡和锌两种溶胶对硅灰石进行表面处理。用酸碱测定、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、粒度分析、比表面测定和扫描电子显微分析(SEM)等方法研究了溶胶处理对硅灰石表面化学性质和物理性质的影响情况。结果表明经过溶胶处理,锡或锌是以氧化物的形式包覆在硅灰石的表面,使得硅灰石的表面组成、形貌和酸碱性都发生了变化。     

核壳结构磁性镁铝复合氧化物亚微米粒子的制备与表征

首先采用溶剂热法制备粒径均匀分散性良好的Fe3O4亚微米粒子,在对其包覆上一层碳膜进行表面修饰后,采用共沉淀法将硝酸根插层LDHs包覆到磁性粒子的表面,然后500℃焙烧2 h得到磁性镁铝复合氧化物亚微米粒子。这种磁性镁铝复合氧化物亚微米粒子具有以镁铝复合氧化物为壳层,Fe3O4为核的核壳结构,其中壳层厚度为20 nm左右,对其进行二次包覆后壳层厚度可达到50 nm左右,并可以方便的通过重复包覆焙烧过程进行调节,从而实现磁性镁铝复合氧化物亚微米粒子的控制制备。同时,磁性镁铝复合氧化物亚微米粒子具有较强的磁性,其比饱和磁化强度为23.3 emu·g-1,对其进行二次包覆并焙烧后为20.1 emu·g-1。     

单分散SiO2/PS复合粒子的制备

聚合物包覆无机物的核一壳结构复合粒子研究长期以来受到关注,源于其应用广泛．根据表面性质要求对无机相或者有机相表面进行功能化,可使得到的复合粒子与不同的应用体系相匹配．这类聚合物包覆无机物的有机／无机复合粒子,已在光学器件、分离、药品、农业、涂料等很多领域有广泛和潜在应用．本文制备这类复合粒子用于石油工业模型催化剂和助剂．     

二氧化硅/聚苯乙烯单分散性核/壳复合球的制备

采用无皂乳液聚合包覆 ,制备了二氧化硅 聚苯乙烯单分散核 壳 (SiO2 PS)复合颗粒 ,包覆层厚度达到 10 0nm .选择 80～ 2 5 0nm二氧化硅粒径作为核颗粒 .为提高包覆效率 ,二氧化硅颗粒先用偶联剂甲基丙烯酰 (3 三甲氧基硅烷 )丙酯 (MPS)进行不同程度的表面改性 .控制MPS的结合率和单体的初始浓度可提高包覆效率 ,同时得到了单分散性复合颗粒 ,用透射电镜 (TEM)观察复合粒子的核 壳形态 .用动态光散射法 (DLS)测量表明所得复合颗粒具有单分散性 .     

ZnS/SiO2协同包覆光阳极制备高效率Zn-Cu-In-Se量子点敏化太阳能电池

通过光阳极协同包覆的策略抑制Zn?Cu?In?Se(ZCISe)量子点敏化太阳能电池(QDSC)中光阳极/电解液界面上的电荷复合过程,提高电荷收集效率和电池光伏性能。采用溶液法在ZCISe量子点敏化的光阳极表面依次沉积包覆ZnS和SiO₂双钝化层,实现较单一ZnS包覆层更有效的界面电荷复合抑制作用,从而提高QDSC的性能。在包覆ZnS/SiO₂双钝化层后,所组装的ZCISe QDSC光电转换效率由传统单一ZnS包覆的12.17%提高到13.23%,这归因于双钝化层对光阳极/电解液界面电荷复合过程的有效抑制,电荷收集效率得到相应提升。     

纳米级包覆层厚度对染料敏化太阳电池中电子注入效率和电子寿命的影响

选取氧化钐作为包覆材料, 采用浸渍法对已烧结好的纳米TiO₂多孔薄膜电极进行修饰, 并将其应用于染料敏化太阳电池中, 研究了纳米级氧化钐包覆层厚度及均匀性对染料敏化太阳电池中电子注入效率和电子复合过程的影响和作用机制. 结果表明, 包覆层厚度对电子注入效率和电子复合具有明显影响, 且电子注入效率和电子寿命随包覆层厚度的增加而呈现相反的变化趋势, 包覆层厚度在0.4 nm以内, 电池性能最好.     

用于水性涂料的Pickering乳液包覆抗蚀活性助剂的研究进展

简述了五种包覆技术和Pickering乳液,综述了Pickering乳液包覆技术制备的复合微球,重点论述了采用Pickering乳液包覆抗蚀性活性助剂的原理以及在水性涂料中的应用,目前研究情况及应用优势,最后展望了Pickering乳液包覆技术的深入研究会对推动水性涂料行业的迅猛发展起到关键性作用。     

静电层层自组装制备聚苯乙烯微球(核)/MCM-41纳米粒子(壳)阶层结构复合微粒

采用聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSS)和聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(PDDA)两种聚电解质, 通过静电层层自组装成功地将MCM-41介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子包覆到聚苯乙烯(PS)微球表面. 实验结果表明, 当以尺寸为1.4 μm的PS微球为核时, 包覆了两个聚电解质双层(PDDA/PSS)2的PS(PDDA/PSS)2(PDDA/MCM-41)复合结构微粒与包覆了一个聚电解质双层(PDDA/PSS)的PS(PDDA/PSS)(PDDA/MCM-41)复合结构微粒相比, 复合结构微粒之间的交联程度降低, 但是MCM-41纳米粒子在聚苯乙烯微球表面的包覆都比较松散, 且产物中存在大量杂质. 而当以尺寸为5 μm的聚苯乙烯微球为核时, MCM-41纳米粒子紧密地包覆在聚苯乙烯微球表面, 复合结构微粒之间只有少量桥连物, 且产物中杂质很少.     

有机碳源对LiTi2(PO4)3/C复合水系负极性能的影响

采用喷雾干燥与高温煅烧相结合的方法制备了球形LiTi₂(PO₄)₃/C复合水系负极材料, 探讨了基于不同包覆机制的有机碳源和碳包覆量对LiTi₂(PO₄)₃/C复合负极电化学性能的影响. 结果表明, 碳包覆量过低时不足以阻止水的侵蚀, 而碳含量过高时锂离子扩散的阻力过大, 磷酸钛锂电极最优碳包覆质量分数为13%. 碳包覆的均匀性和包覆层厚度是影响电极性能的两个重要因素. 基于原位聚合包覆机制的聚多巴胺包覆磷酸钛锂颗粒最均匀, 碳化后微晶结构较好, 具有良好的电子导电性, 以聚多巴胺为碳源制备的LiTi₂(PO₄)₃/C复合负极性能最优.     

In vitro bioactivity of wollastonite–titania materials obtained by sol–gel method or solid state reaction

In order to obtain materials for bone tissue replacement and regeneration that show an appropriate bioactivity, antibacterial behavior and higher mechanical properties than those of the existing bioactive systems, titania–wollastonite materials were obtained by both solid state reaction and sol–gel methods. In the solid state reaction process, titania and wollastonite powders were mixed and sintered. Two different types of materials were obtained by sol–gel: (i) using titanium butoxide, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and tetraethyl orthosilicate as precursors or (ii) mixing titanium butoxide with wollastonite powder. The in vitro bioactivity was assessed by immersing samples in simulated body fluids for different periods of time. Alamar blue assays and osteoblast-like cells were used for testing citotoxicity. A higher bioactivity was observed on the samples synthesized by sol–gel. However, a higher cell proliferation was observed on the samples obtained by solid state reaction.     

Effect of Incorporation of Silver on the Electrical Properties of Sol-Gel-Derived Titania Film

Metallic Ag nanoparticles-incorporating titania films were prepared using the sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, UV/Vis optical spectra and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were recorded to characterize the Ag/titania composite films. Electrometer was used to estimate the resistance of Ag/titania composite film to understand the effect of the incorporation of metallic Ag nanoparticles on the electrical properties of titania film. The results showed that metallic Ag nanoparticles distributed randomly in titania film and most metallic Ag particles size was in the range of 5–15 nm. The agglomeration of a small quantity of metallic Ag particles occurred and when the amount of Ag species was increased the agglomeration was enhanced. The resistance of Ag/titania composite films decreased greatly compared with pure titania film.     

Hierarchical‐Structured Anatase‐Titania/Cellulose Composite Sheet with High Photocatalytic Performance and Antibacterial Activity

Bulk hierarchical anatase‐titania/cellulose composite sheets were fabricated by subjecting an ultrathin titania gel film pre‐deposited filter paper to a solvo‐co‐hydrothermal treatment by using titanium butoxide as the precursor to grow anatase‐titania nanocrystallites on the cellulose nanofiber surfaces. The titanium butoxide specie is firstly absorbed onto the nanofibers of the cellulose substance through a solvothermal process, which was thereafter hydrolyzed and crystallized upon the subsequent hydrothermal treatment, leading to the formation of fine anatase‐titania nanoparticles with sizes of 2–5 nm uniformly anchored on the cellulose nanofibers. The resulting anatase‐titania/cellulose composite sheet shows a significant photocatalytic performance towards degradation of a methylene blue dye, and introduction of silver nanoparticles into the composite sheet yields an Ag‐NP/anatase‐titania/cellulose composite material possessing excellent antibacterial activity against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria.     

Biomimetic synthesis of titania nanoparticles induced by protamine

Protamine, a kind of cationic protein extracted from sperm nuclei, was employed for the first time in vitro to induce the formation of a titania/protamine nanoparticle composite from a water-stable titanium precursor, titanium(iv) bis(ammonium lactato) dihydroxide (Ti-BALDH). The resulting titania/protamine nanoparticle composite was extensively characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The titania/protamine nanoparticle composite was of amorphous structure, and exhibited a different morphology from those prepared by an alkali-catalyzed approach. The catalyzing and templating function of protamine involved in the synthesis of the nanoparticle composite is discussed, and a mechanism tentatively proposed. In addition, the effects of pH and temperature on the amount and size of as-prepared titania/protamine nanoparticle composite were systematically investigated.     

Effects of Ti Addition on Alumina/Titania Composite Aerogels Synthesized by Sol–Gel Process and Supercritical Ethanol Drying

Alumina/titania composite aerogels with different titania contents were synthesized by the sol–gel process and supercritical ethanol drying. The structures and morphologies of synthesized aerogels were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, and N₂ adsorption–desorption tests. Supercritical ethanol drying induced the crystallization of titania, which prompted the transformation of the structure from pseudoboehmite to γ‐Al₂O₃ . Reversely, alumina retarded the anatase‐to‐rutile transformation of titania. The content of titania significantly affected the structure and morphology of alumina/titania composite aerogels. A high content of titania (≥40%) resulted in the phase separation of titania particles, which grew to form the anatase phase octahedral particles with well‐developed facets. When the titania content was low, titania particles could be homogeneously dispersed in alumina particles to form spherical clusters with the poor crystallinity. Titania particles were in the anatase phase, and no rutile phase was formed until the temperature rose to 1000°C. In addition, titania addition resulted in a decrease in the specific surface area (SSA) of alumina aerogels because the SSA of titania was lower than that of alumina aerogels.     

树脂基硅灰石复合材料的研究进展

我国是硅灰石资源大国，硅灰石在各种树脂中有广泛的应用。影响树脂基硅灰石复合材料性能的因素有很多，本文从聚合物基体和硅灰石填料两个方面对国内外部分树脂基硅灰石复合材料的研究成果进行了综述，探讨了硅灰石增强增韧聚烯烃的方法和机理，并追踪了国内外的最新研究动态。     

Preparation and characterization of silver/TiO2 composite hollow spheres

Silver-coated poly(methyl acrylic acid) (PSA) core-shell colloid particles were prepared by an in situ chemical reduction method. Crystalline silver/titania composite hollow spheres were obtained by coating the as-prepared PSA/silver particles with an amorphous titania layer and subsequently calcining in Ar atmosphere. SEM and TEM investigation indicated that the size of the as-prepared PSA/silver and PSA/silver/TiO(2) core-shell particles and silver/titania composite hollow particles was fairly uniform and the wall thickness of the hollow spheres was in the range of 40-80 nm. UV-vis absorption spectra were recorded to investigate their optical properties.     

Distinct visible-light response of composite films with CdS electrodeposited on TiO2 nanorod and nanotube arrays

Thorough infiltration of CdS nanoparticles into spaces of titania nanorod and nanotube arrays was achieved by an ac electrodeposition technique to construct composite films of CdS over titania. The substrate affected not only the electrodeposition rate but also the oriented growth of CdS. A photocurrent much larger than the simple summation of those arising from the two component layers of CdS and titania was detected for both composite films under visible-light illumination. Such an enhancement in the photocurrent was even more prominent for the composite film based on the titania nanorod arrays, which was contributed to the higher charge separation rate arising from the nearly single-crystalline nanorods when compared with the polycrystalline nanotubes.     

Immobilizing semiconductor particles by occlusion electrosynthesis in an oxide film matrix: the titania model case

An occlusion electrosynthesis method for preparing semiconductor-based composite films, is illustrated by dispersing Degussa P-25 titania particles in a titania film matrix supported on a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) electrode. The titania film matrix was cathodically deposited on the TCO surface. The resultant composite film has superior photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical properties relative to an electrosynthesized titania film containing no occluded particles. An important feature of the methodology described here is that the semiconductor particles can be separately prepared, optimized or otherwise tailored for a specific application, prior to their occlusion within the continuous phase matrix.     

Calculation on the permittivity of the wollastonite ceramic matrix

Wollastonite ceramic matrix composites are multi-materials including the crystalline wollastonite and the residual glass phases. The relative permittivity (simplified as permittivity) of the crystalline wollastonite is used to evaluate the dielectric properties of the wollastonite ceramic matrix. Usually, the permittivity of the crystalline wollastonite is estimated to be 8.6, however, the residual glasses in wollastonite ceramic matrix are often unknown. In this study, the Clausius–Mosotti model is utilized to calculate the permittivity of the crystalline wollastonite from molecular polarizability. Molecular polarizabilities as the crystalline wollastonite polarizability are calculated by the ionic and oxide additivity rules. The permittivity of prepared glasses is used instead of that of the remaining glasses and estimated to 4.65. The composite permittivity of the wollastonite ceramic matrix is calculated by Lichnetecker logarithm rules. Compared with measurements, the calculated permittivity of wollastonite ceramic matrix corresponds well with measurements. The application of this simple calculation technique allows the assessment of the relative permittivity for ceramic matrix.