碳纳米管/聚合物复合材料加工过程中原位取向方法与技术

碳纳米管具有优异的力学、电学等性能,但是在聚合物复合材料中的无规状态不能发挥出其自身的优异性能.本文从碳纳米管/聚合物复合材料的加工过程实现取向增强入手,结合自己的研究成果,综述了在外力、电场、磁场、液晶诱导等作用下制备取向碳纳米管/聚合物复合材料.可以看出,经过精心设计的力场、电场、磁场和液晶作用可以使碳纳米管在聚合物复合材料加工过程中取向,并进而提高了力学和电学性能,但取向程度均有待提高.     

超声辐照原位乳液聚合制备聚苯乙烯包覆碳纳米管复合材料的结构与性能

采用超声辐照原位乳液聚合方法制备了聚苯乙烯(PS)包覆多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)复合材料. 用TEM, FTIR, UV, XPS, GPC和TGA研究了复合材料的结构和性能. 结果表明, MWNTs对苯乙烯聚合过程具有抑制作用, 聚苯乙烯包覆MWNTs, 两者之间有较强的相互作用, 使复合材料的热性能得到改善, 起始分解温度从388 ℃提高到422 ℃.     

碳纳米管/聚合物复合材料

本文简要介绍了碳纳米管的纯化和表面改性方法，着重对碳纳米管/聚合物复合材料的制备方法、微观结构表征及其力学、电学、光学等性能的研究进行了综述；简述了此类复合材料在电学、电磁屏蔽材料及吸波隐身材料、纤维材料以及航天工业等领域的应用，探讨了该研究领域所面临的一些问题及今后的发展方向。     

接枝聚苯乙烯/多壁碳纳米管纳米复合材料制备及合成机理

通过原位悬浮聚合的方法, 以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)做引发剂, 制备了聚苯乙烯/多壁碳纳米管(MWNT-g-PS)纳米复合材料, 复合材料在水和乙醇中均表现出良好的分散性及稳定性. 通过高倍透射电镜(HRTEM)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)分析, 多壁碳纳米管上包覆有1～3 nm的聚苯乙烯膜, 并分布有半径从几十纳米到几百纳米不等的聚苯乙烯微球. 通过傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman spectroscopy)、X光电子能谱(XPS)和热重分析(TGA)对复合材料进行分析, 结果表明, 自由基将多壁碳纳米管表面π键打开, 形成一种新的自由基, 引发聚苯乙烯的自由基聚合, 形成了接枝聚苯乙烯/多壁碳纳米管纳米复合材料.     

碳纳米管的宏量制备及产业化

作为纳米材料的代表之一,碳纳米管因其独特的一维结构具备了优异的力学、电学、热学、光学和反应性能,使其在能源存储与转化、复合材料、多相催化、环境保护及生物医药等领域具有大量的应用潜力.本文总结了多种类型碳纳米管宏量制备的化学及工程原理,并对多壁碳纳米管、单壁碳纳米管、双壁碳纳米管、定向碳纳米管、超顺排碳纳米管、水平超长碳纳米管、掺杂碳纳米管、螺旋碳纳米管、碳纳米管结及碳纳米管/石墨烯杂化物的宏量制备方法进行了评述.同时,对碳纳米管产业化中新的工程问题,如工业标准、环境评估以及产业化进展进行了分析.目前,碳纳米管已经具有成千吨的产能,并广泛应用于锂离子电池电极、导电复合材料、汽车配件和体育用品等领域.尽管如此,高性能的碳纳米管的宏量制备及其配套产业化技术仍有待深入开发,产品需要进一步丰富、市场需要进一步拓展,以望形成大规模纳米产业,促进社会的可持续发展.     

多壁碳纳米管对PS分子量影响的研究

由于碳纳米管（CNT）具有优异的力学、电学、光学等性能，近年来，聚合物／碳纳米管（polymer／CNT）复合材料的研究已经成为研究者关注的热点。相关的研究主要集中在：一是将CNT作为填充材料制各复合材料，使复合材料的力学、电学等性能得到提高。二是将CNT作为主体，用聚合物对CNT进行修饰，使CNT在有机溶剂中能够获得良好的溶解度。而对于在聚合反应中，CNT的加入对聚合物分子量影响的研究，相关的报道较少。本文利用悬浮聚合法制备了聚苯乙烯／多壁碳纳米管（PS／MWNT）复合材料，采用透射电镜（TEM）和凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）对其进行了分析，详细研究了MWNT对于PS分子量的影响。     

多壁碳纳米管/玻璃纤维/含邻苯二甲腈的苯并噁嗪树脂复合材料的电学与力学性质(英文)

采用溶液共混法及层压成型的方法制备了多壁碳纳米管/玻璃纤维/含双邻苯二甲腈的苯并噁嗪树脂复合材料,并考察了该纳米复合材料的力学及电学性质。材料的渗滤阀值为碳纳米管含量为0.7%,此时,材料也表现出最好的机械性能。通过扫描电镜对材料的断面进行了考察,发现在碳纳米管含量为0.7%时形成了网状结构,因此此时复合材料表现出最好的电学及力学性质。复合材料在碳纳米管含量低于7%时具有很低的吸水性。     

取向碳纳米管/高分子新型复合材料的制备及应用

碳纳米管/高分子复合材料已经被广泛研究, 但长期以来存在一个共同而关键的挑战, 即碳纳米管无规聚集, 结构难以调控, 性能无法满足应用需要. 本工作提出了制备取向碳纳米管/高分子复合材料的一种新方法, 获得块状、膜状、纤维状复合材料, 制备的关键步骤是通过化学气相沉积法合成可纺的高质量碳纳米管阵列. 该方法简单易行, 具有较好的普适性. 由于碳纳米管取向排列, 复合材料具有优异的物理性能, 如碳纳米管取向后复合材料的机械强度和导电率可分别提高一个和三个数量级. 在此基础上, 进一步探讨取向碳纳米管/高分子复合材料作为新型电极在有机太阳能电池中的应用.     

尼龙/碳纳米管复合材料研究进展

碳纳米管(CNTs)由于其独特的结构,较高的长径比,较大的比表面积,且具有超强的力学性能和良好的导热性,已经证明是塑料的非常优异的导电填料,聚合物基碳纳米管复合材料可望应用于材料领域的多个方面,尤其在汽车、飞机及其它飞行器的制造等军事和商业应用上带来革命性的突破。本文介绍了碳纳米管的结构形态和碳纳米管的制备、纯化、修饰方法及聚合物基碳纳米管复合材料的制备、性能,并综述了近几年来尼龙/碳纳米管复合材料的研究进展及应用前景。     

石墨烯/橡胶纳米复合材料研究进展

石墨烯结合了碳纳米管导电和黏土片层的结构特征,为发展高性能、多功能聚合物纳米复合材料提供了新的方向.石墨烯/橡胶纳米复合材料近年来引起广泛关注.众多研究结果表明石墨烯是橡胶的理想填料之一,为高性能橡胶改性提供了新途径.本文介绍了石墨烯/橡胶纳米复合材料的3种主要制备方法,即乳液共混法、溶液共混法和机械混炼法,以及材料的物理机械性能、电学性能、气体阻隔性能和热学性能,并分析了该类材料的发展前景和存在问题.     

An experimental investigation on the conductive behavior of carbon nanotube-reinforced natural polymer nanocomposites

It is well known that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have excellent electrical properties and can be used as the nanofiller in natural polymers to produce conductive CNT/polymer nanocomposites. In this study, the conductive behavior of CNT-reinforced natural polymer nanocomposites was investigated. The effect of CNT concentration on the conductivity of CNT/natural polymer nanocomposites was also investigated. The natural polymers used were plasticized starch (PS) and chitosan (CS). FTIR spectroscopy was used to examine the interactions between PS, CS, and CNTs. TEM analysis on both nanocomposites were made to study the dispersion states of CNTs in both polymers. The results showed that the surface resistivities of both CNT/PS and CNT/CS nanocomposites decreased steeply with increasing CNT concentration. Particularly, the CNT/CS nanocomposites showed a better conductivity than the CNT/PS composites at the same CNT concentration. The TEM result showed that CNT/CS nanocomposites had better dispersibility and formation of fully connected, three-dimensional network structures between the CNTs than the CNT/PS nanocomposites, which results in the superior conductive property of CNT/CS nanocomposites compared to the CNT/PS nanocomposites.     

碳纳米管/壳聚糖复合材料

碳纳米管/壳聚糖复合材料是一种具有生物和光电双重功能的复合材料。本文在对碳纳米管和壳聚糖各种性质进行简单介绍的基础上,重点综述了碳纳米管与壳聚糖复合材料的各种复合方法、机理、主要应用以及存在的主要问题。     

Comparison of the properties of waterborne polyurethane/multiwalled carbon nanotube and acid‐treated multiwalled carbon nanotube composites prepared by in situ polymerization

A series of waterborne polyurethane (WBPU)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) and WBPU/nitric acid treated multiwalled carbon nanotube (A‐CNT) composites were prepared by in situ polymerization in an aqueous medium. The optimum nitric acid treatment time was about 0.5 h. The effects of the CNT and A‐CNT contents on the dynamic mechanical thermal properties, mechanical properties, hardness, electrical conductivity, and antistatic properties of the two kinds of composites were compared. The tensile strength and modulus, the glass‐transition temperatures of the soft and hard segments (T_gs and T_gh, respectively), and ΔT_g (T_gh − T_gs) of WBPU for both composites increased with increasing CNT and A‐CNT contents. However, these properties of the WBPU/A‐CNT composites were higher than those of the WBPU/CNT composites with the same CNT content. The electrical conductivities of the WBPU/CNT1.5 and WBPU/A‐CNT1.5 composites containing 1.5 wt % CNTs (8.0 × 10⁻⁴ and 1.1 × 10⁻³ S/cm) were nearly 8 and 9 orders of magnitude higher than that of WBPU (2.5 × 10⁻¹² S/cm), respectively. The half‐life of the electrostatic charge (τ_1/2) values of the WBPU/CNT0.1 and WBPU/A‐CNT0.1 composites containing 0.1 wt % CNTs were below 10 s, and the composites had good antistatic properties. From these results, A‐CNT was found to be a better reinforcer than CNT. These results suggest that WBPU/A‐CNT composites prepared by in situ polymerization have high potential as new materials for waterborne coatings with good physical, antistatic, and conductive properties. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3973–3985, 2005     

Barium Titanate-reinforced Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber: Synergy Effect of Carbon-based Secondary Filler

Acrylonitrile rubber(NBR) composites filled with barium titanate(BT) were prepared using an internal mixer and a two-roll mill. Also, a secondary filler, namely carbon nanotubes(CNT), was added in order to find a potential synergistic blend ratio of BT and CNT. The cure characteristics, tensile and dielectric properties(dielectric constant and dielectric loss) of the composites were determined. It was found that NBR/BT composites with CNT secondary filler, at a proper BT:CNT ratio, exhibited shorter scorch time(t_(s1)) and cure time(t_(c90)) together with superior tensile properties and reinforcement efficiency, relative to the one with only the primary filler. In addition, the NBR/BT-CNT composite with 80 phr BT and 1-2 phr CNT had dielectric constant of 100-500, dielectric loss of 12-100 and electrical conductivity below 10~(-4) S/m together with high thermal stability. Thus, with a proper BT:CNT mix and filler loading, we can produce mechanically superior rubber composites that are easy to process and low-cost, for flexible dielectric materials application.     

A novel approach for preparation of conductive hybrid elastomeric nano‐composites

Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and intrinsically conductive polymers, such as polyaniline (PANI) some research has focused on the development of novel hybrid materials by combining CNT and PANI to achieve their complementary properties. Electrically conductive elastomer nano‐composites containing CNT and PANI are described in the present investigation. The synthesis procedure includes in‐situ inverse emulsion polymerization of aniline doped with dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid in the presence of CNT and dissolved styrene‐isoprene‐styrene (SIS) block copolymer, followed by a precipitation–filtration step. The synthesis step is carried out under ultrasonication. The resulting uniform SIS/CNT/PANI dispersions are stable for long time durations. The incorporation of CNT/PANI in the SIS elastomeric matrix improves thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of the nano‐composites. The formation of continuous three‐dimensional CNT/PANI network, assumed to be responsible for enhancement of the resulting nano‐composite properties, is observed by HRSEM. A relatively low percolation threshold of 0.4 wt.% CNT was determined. The Young's modulus of the SIS/CNT/PANI significantly increases in the presence of CNT. High electrical conductivity levels were obtained in the ternary component systems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Microstructural design for enhanced mechanical property and shape memory behavior of polyurethane nanocomposites: Role of carbon nanotube,montmorillonite, and their hybrid fillers

The recent rapid development of technology has demanded smart materials with tailoring a bridge between macro properties and sophisticated micro and nano characteristic. Principally, shape memory polymers (SMPs) will come to play as an indispensable part of numerous aspects of human activity. Nevertheless, the low mechanical strength and thermal conductivity of SMPs have primarily restricted their applications. To impart shape memory behaviour and mechanical properties, we fabricated a series of composites by a feasible and commercial melt-mixing method. Thus, a series of fast heat-actuated shape memory polymer composite with greatly enhanced stretch-ability, mechanical stiffness, dynamic-modulus, rheological qualities, recovery and fixity ratio was prepared by incorporating multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT), montmorillonite (MMT) and CNT:MMT hybrid into thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). Noteworthy, CNT-based specimens exhibited superior mechanical properties than those of MMT-based samples, and interestingly, the hybrid composites featured a synergistic effect due to the sacrificial role of MMT nanoplatelets for adjusting the dispersion of CNT nanotubes. Microstructural observations indicated that the crystallization percentages of the composites were generally higher than that of pristine TPU; therefore, the shape-memory performance of the specimens improved notably in the case of the hybrid composites owing to creating more interfacial zone with CNT:MMT nanoparticles as compared to other simple composites. This study proved that the simultaneous incorporation of CNT and MMT nanoparticles not only granted outstanding mechanical properties, but also improved the overall shape memory behaviour of the composites by systematical localization of the nanoparticles without any functionalization or modification.     

碳纳米管在聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物不相容共混体系中的选择性分散

采用熔融共混法制备了碳纳米管(CNT)填充改性的聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯(PTT)/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)三元复合材料.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、接触角测量仪、旋转流变仪等研究了该复合材料中碳纳米管的分布、不相容的相形态以及流变和力学性能.研究结果表明,与EVA相比,PTT组分具有较低...     

Flexible carbon nanotube/polyaniline paper-like films and their enhanced electrochemical properties

The carbon nanotube/polyaniline (CNT/PANI) composites have important potential applications as the electrodes in energy storage devices for their attractive electrochemical properties. In this work, we report a novel method to prepare the interesting paper-like CNT/PANI composites by using the CNT network as the template. Compared with the conventional brittle CNT/PANI composites, these paper-like composites were much thin and flexible. This work demonstrates a new approach, which may transform a brittle polymer into flexible films. Meanwhile, these film electrodes showed much superior electrochemical performance such as higher specific capacitance, lower internal resistivity, and more stability under different current loads. These paper-like composite electrodes have promising applications in new kinds of energy storage devices.     

The effect of surface coating of CNTs on the mechanical properties of CF‐filled HDPE composites

Mechanical properties of carbon fiber (CF) and carbon nanotube (CNT)‐filled thermoplastic high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) composites were studied with particular interest on the effects of filler content and fiber surface treatment by coupling agent. Surface‐treated CF‐filled HDPE composites increased their tensile strength and impact strength, which is further increased with the addition of CNT. SEM showed that CNT‐coating‐treated CF‐HDPE composites show better dispersion of the filler into the matrix, which results in better interfacial adhesion between the filler and the matrix. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Review Featuring Fabrication,Properties and Applications of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) Reinforced Polymer and Epoxy Nanocomposites

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have long been recognized as the stiffest and strongest man-made material known to date.In addition,their high electrical conductivity has roused interest in the areas of electrical appliances and communication related applications.However,due to their miniature size,the excellent properties of these nanostructures can only be exploited if they are homogeneously embedded into light-weight matrices as those offered by a whole series of engineering polymers.In order to enhance their chemical affinity to engineering polymer matrices,chemical modification of the graphitic sidewalls and tips is necessary.The mechanical and electrical properties to date of a whole range of nanocomposites of various carbon nanotube contents are also reviewed in this attempt to facilitate progress in this emerging area.Recently,carbonaceous nano-fillers such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) play a promising role due to their better structural and functional properties and broad range of applications in every field.Since CNTs usually form stabilized bundles due to van der Waals interactions,they are extremely difficult to disperse and align in a polymer matrix.The biggest issues in the preparation of CNTs reinforced composites reside in efficient dispersion of CNTs into a polymer matrix,the assessment of the dispersion,and the alignment and control of the CNTs in the matrix.An overview of various CNT functionalization methods is given.In particular,CNT functionalization using click chemistry and the preparation of CNT composites employing hyperbranched polymers are stressed as potential techniques to achieve good CNT dispersion.In addition,discussions on mechanical,thermal,electrical,electrochemical and applications ofpolymer/CNT composites are also included.