纳米SnO2的非水溶剂溶胶-凝胶法制备与表征

Nanometer SnO₂ powders were successfully prepared by non-hydrolytic sol-gel approach combined with heat treatments using tin tetrachloride as starting material and ethylene glycol as solvent. The reaction mechanism of the sol-gel process is proposed. Results indicate that the -OHCH₂CH₂OH- prevent Cl^- ion from accessing to tin Sn⁴⁺ due to steric effect, and hence increaseing the stability of the sol solution. Ethylene glycol functions not only as a complextion agent to form a polymer network but also as a “spacer” to modulate the distance between metal ions, preventing metal oxide particles from aggregation during desiccation of the sol. The effects of heat treatments on the evolution of structure and morphology of nanosized SnO₂ powders were studied. The powders with narrow size distribution around 15～20 nm could be obtained at 500 ℃ for 4 h.     

[Zn(en)3]SO4配合物大尺寸单晶的水热法生长和表征

Large size single crystals of [Zn(en)₃]SO₄ have been successfully grown by a hydrothermal process at 160℃ for 24h， using CuSO₄·5H₂O， ethylene diamine and reductive Zn powder as reactants. The diameters of the single crystals are range from 0.5mm to 1mm， and lengths reach up to 20mm. The single crystals were characterized by XRD analysis， FTIR and UV-Vis spectrum absorption measurements. The single crystal was confirmed to be [Zn(en)₃]SO₄ by performing powder diffraction of the single crystal. X-ray diffraction of the single crystals shows (100)-face to be cleavage face. The diffraction peaks are sharp and rocking curve for 200 diffraction has a narrow FWHM (the full width at half maximum)， which indicate the single crystal of [Zn(en)₃]SO₄ is perfect with less lattice distortion and defects. The single crystal appears transparent，and has constant weak absorption in UV-Vis spectrum region，which could be used as a novel optical crystal material.     

纳米MgNb2O6微波介质陶瓷粉体制备及表征

Nano-crystalline MgNb₂O₆ was prepared using Mg(NO₃)₂·6H₂O, Nb₂O₅, HF and citric acid as raw materials by auto-ignition route. The process involves the formation of a viscous gel by thermal dehydration of the citrate-nitrate solution at about 80 ℃. The auto-ignition (at about 200 ℃) of the gel resulted in a high reactivity powder containing intimate blending of MgNbF₇ and NbF₃. The crystalline phase of MgNb₂O₆ could be formed easily at 700 ℃, which is 400 ℃ lower than that of common solid-state reaction process. The nano-crystalline MgNb₂O₆ (～30 nm) powder with good dispersity could be obtained at 850 ℃.     

溶胶凝胶法合成莫来石纳米带

Single-crystal mullite nanobelts were prepared by a simple sol-gel method using WO₃ as additive, and nanobelts were straight and uniform with width of 200 nm and length of 3~4 μm. The as-prepared products were characterized with XRD, SEM and TEM and the nanobelt formation mechanism was also discussed. The interphase of aluminium tungstate acted as seed crystals or epitaxial templates during the formation of nanobelts. The further experiments showed that there was a strong correlation between the formation of nanobelts and the presence of WO₃.     

溶剂热法合成无水NaBiO3多晶粉末

Anhydrous NaBiO₃ polycrystal powders have been prepared through a new process in which the alkoxides were used as precursors and the parent ROH as medium. The influences of precursors and medium for products were investigated. The reducibility of Bi(Ⅲ) in solvthermal process and the morphology of NaBiO₃ powders were studied.     

纳米晶PbTiO3负载CuO催化NO分解

A large specific surface area perovskite-type mixed oxide PbTiO₃ supported cupric oxide was synthesized as a catalyst for NO decomposition and characterized by techniques such as XPS, XRD, H₂-TPR before and after NO decomposition reactions. The catalytic properties were tested with a fix-bed micro-reactor. The results showed that the PbTiO₃ was inactive for the reactions, but 1wt % Cu/PbTiO₃ catalyst gave fairly good activities for NO decomposition at temperature as low as 473 K. Copper species were found well-dispersed but weakly interacted with the support before NO decomposition, and the NO decomposition caused significant change in the environment of the copper species, which became Cu(Ⅰ) and most probably incorporated into surface crystal lattice of the nano-sized PbTiO₃. In NO reaction, a large amount of oxygen atoms from the decomposition of NO penetrated into the nano-sized PbTiO₃ support and caused small expansion of crystal lattice. The transport of oxygen between the copper species and the catalyst support may be helpful to speed up the kinetic regeneration of active metal sites from oxygen occupancy and resulted in good catalytic performance.     

新型阴极材料Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-σ制备与性能研究

Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Co_0.8Fe_0.2O_3-σ(BSCF), a new cathode material for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), was synthesized by polyacrylicacid (PAA) method. The lattice structures of samples calcined at different temperatures were characte-rized by XRD. Shrinkage, porosity and pore size of the porous BSCF as a function of sintering temperature were investigated. It was found that the cubic perovskite structure could be formed after calcination at 800 ℃ for 2 h, but not well crystallized as seen from some unknown phases, and the pure cubic perovskite structure was formed after calcination at 1 150 ℃ for 2 h. The particle size of BSCF was less than 1～2 μm. The shrinkage of the porous BSCF increased with sintering temperature, but the opposite was true for the porosity. After sintering at 1 100 ℃ for 4 h, the porous BSCF was still in an appropriate structure, with porosity of 29% and electrical conductivity above 400 S·cm^-1.     

正庚烷在超稳Y沸石(USY)负载超强酸催化剂上加氢异构化

The Pt-bearing SO₄^2-/ZrO₂ superacid catalysts supported on ultra stable Y (USY) zeolite were prepared by impregnation and characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption and Hammett indicators. Their catalytic activities were evaluated in the hydroisomerization of n-heptane with an atmospheric fixed-bed reactor. The catalysts possessed a high surface area, superacidity and well maintained pore structure of USY support. The supported catalysts with a suitable SO₄^2-/ZrO₂ loading exhibited a higher catalytic activity and selectivity than the unsupported SO₄^2-/ZrO₂ catalyst or the Pt supported on USY catalyst without superacid. At the reaction temperature of 220 ℃, over the catalyst with a Pt loading of 0.8wt% and ZrO₂ loading of 10wt%, the conversion of n-heptane could be as high as 35.2% with a selectivity of 87.9% for isomerization products.     

Study on the structure of chemically bonded C18 phase for HPLC

Summary The use of monofunctional organosilanes for the preparation of packings with chemically bonded phases guarantees to obtain a defined monomeric structures of bonded alkylsilyl groups. The effect of hydrophobization of the surface of silica gel support modified with methyloctadecylchlorosilane in the presence of an activator has been investigated. A dense coverage of the surface (>4 μmoles/m²) with the C₁₈ groups is obtained at pK_a ≈ 8. By changing the nature and concentration of the activator packings with controlled surface density can be prepared, when the structure of the starting silica gel support are properly selected. On the basis of a simplified cylindrical model of the support’s pores and the geometrical structure of the C₁₈ molecules the maximum value of surface coverage as well as the dimensions of the chains of chemically bonded phases could be estimated.     

Amplification of bioelectrocatalytic signalling based on silver nanoparticles and DNA-derived horseradish peroxidase biosensors

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was immobilized onto a polyion complex membrane containing positively charged silver nanoparticles (nanosilver), double stranded DNA and poly(thionine) to fabricate highly sensitive and selective electrochemical hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) biosensor on a glassy carbon electrode. The presence of nanosilver provided a biocompatible microenvironment for enzyme molecules, greatly amplified the surface coverage of HRP on the electrode surface, and most importantly could act as a charge carrier. The process of the biosensor construction was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Voltammetric and time-based amperometric techniques were employed to characterize the properties of the derived biosensor. Under optimal conditions, the biosensor has an electrocatalytic behavior towards the H₂O₂ reduction, and exhibits a linear range from 1.1 μM to 5.2 mM, with a lower detection limit of 0.2 μM. The apparent Michaelis–Menten constant of the biosensor to H₂O₂ was estimated to be 1.02 mM. Furthermore, the biosensor exhibited high sensitivity, good reproducibility, and acceptable stability. Importantly, the properties of composite film, together with the bioelectrochemical catalytic activity, could make them useful in the development of bioelectronic devices and investigation of protein electrochemistry at functional interface. Correspondence: Yan Liu, College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400047, P.R. China     

聚合氯化铝制备拟薄水铝石及其性质研究

<正>0引言拟薄水铝石是制备γ-Al_2O_3及其系列产物氧化铝的重要前驱体,尤其γ-Al_2O_3在催化剂载体、汽车尾气净化剂、分子筛以及吸附剂等领域得到了广泛地应用。然而不同路线和方法生产的拟薄水铝石赋予了氧化铝不同的性质和用途,因此,开发具有不同孔径和比表面积的拟薄水铝石及其衍生物极为重要和必要。     

Preparation of aqueous sols containing well-shaped boehmite crystals

The paper describes the preparation of aqueous sols of crystalline boehmite, containing about 70 grams of AlOOH per liter from three different starting materials; gels of Al(OH)₂Ac are obtained and are hydrolyzed by thermal aging into sols of fibrillar pseudoboehmite. The pseudoboehmite fibrils are hydrothermally recrystallized at 200°C producing well-shaped hexagonal laths of boehmite, also as stable sols.     

Influence of Successive Washing on Porous Structure of Pseudoboehmite

1. Introduction As we know, the structure and performance of γ-Al2O3 are determined by the pore structure of its precursor, namely, the pseudoboehmite. Some factors influencing the pore structure of the pseudoboehmite have been reported, and among them the washing process is one of the important factors because: (1) the adsorbing on the surface of the pseudoboehmite acts as a stabilizing factor for amorphous particles [1], and washing can remove the Cl- anions, thus enhanc- ing the transform…     

锶铝比对稀土掺杂铝酸锶物相及发光性能的影响

用拟薄水铝石溶胶凝胶法成功制备了SrAl2O4：Eu^2 ，Dy^3 长余辉发光材料，样品无需球磨。XRD结果表明：当锶铝摩尔比Sr／Al＞0．3时，发光基质主相为SrAl2O4，杂质相为Sr4Al2O7，Sr／Al比值继续降低至0．25，发光相则以Sr4Al14O25为主，此时杂质相中含有Sr4Al2O7和Dy4Al2O9。Sr4Al2O7相对SrAl2O4：Eu^3 ，Dy^3 的发光性能影响很大，而对Sr4Al14O25：Eu^2 ，Dy^3 的发光性能影响不大。Dy4Al2O9对SrAl2O4和Sr4Al14O25发光主相的发光性能影响都不大。光谱检测结果表明SrAl2O4：Eu^2 ，Dy^3 发光光谱是中心位于520nm的带状谱。余辉检测结果表明发光主相为SrAl2O4和Sr4Al14O25时，光衰曲线符合I=ct^-n规律，n值分别为n=1．081和n=1．079。     

Quantitative chemical composition of thin films with infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry: application to hydrated oxide films on aluminium

A method to quantify the composition of thin films using infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry (IRSE), supplemented by visible spectroscopic ellipsometry (VISSE), is proposed. Because ellipsometry measures the thickness and optical constants of a surface layer simultaneously, the absorption coefficient of the film as a function of wavelength can be obtained. Using values of the absorption coefficients for the pure components of the film, the percentages (mol.% or wt.%) of each component in the film can be calculated. The method is demonstrated in a study of the hydration of oxide films on electropolished aluminium and the anodically formed barrier oxide film. The IRSE technique shows that hydration of the films by immersion in boiling water results in the conversion of aluminium oxide to pseudoboehmite. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

稀土铕离子掺杂对拟薄水铝石晶体结构和相变的影响

研究了Eu3+离子对拟薄水铝石高温相变及微结构的影响。XRD及热分析结果表明,拟薄水铝石在560,882及1224℃分别经历-γAlOOH→-γAl2O3,γ-Al2O3→-θAl2O3和-θAl2O3→-αAl2O3相变。Eu3+掺杂后-γAlOOH→-γAl2O3相变温度不变,-γAl2O3→-θAl2O3和-θAl2O3→-αAl2O3相变温度分别提高到1054和1237℃。晶胞体积增大及衍射峰2θ值减小说明Eu3+离子以部分离子取代的形式进入-γAl2O3及-θAl2O3晶格。Eu3+离子进入晶格抑制了γ-Al2O3及-θAl2O3晶粒生长速率。-θAl2O3→-αAl2O3相变过程中Eu3+离子随Al3+一起迁移,并与Al3+离子及O2-离子形成了一个新生化合物相EuAl12O19。分析认为,该化合物在-αAl2O3晶界间存在,阻碍了-θAl2O3→-αAl2O3相转变过程中离子扩散速率,使-θAl2O3→-αAl2O3相变活化能由822.0提高到1063.15 kJ.mol-1。Eu3+离子掺杂使-θAl2O3→-αAl2O3相变过程由形核控制转变为表面扩散控制。     

SB粉水热分解铝酸钠溶液制取大孔容高比表面拟薄水铝石

 以德国Condea公司用有机醇铝法生产的拟薄水铝石SB粉为晶种,采用水热分解铝酸钠溶液结合乙醇分散洗涤种分产物的方法制得了大孔容高比表面拟薄水铝石. 研究了铝酸钠溶液组成(Al2O3浓度和苛化系数)以及晶种循环使用次数等条件对溶液分解率、 Na2O析出率和种分产物孔体积、孔径分布、比表面积以及钠含量等物化性质的影响. 研究表明, 在晶种比为1.0, 温度为125 ℃的条件下用SB粉分解铝酸钠溶液(Al2O3含量为100～140 g/L, 苛化系数为1.30～1.45), 3 h后溶液分解率可达30%左右,而SB粉连续循环使用3次所得产物的孔容和比表面积分别达到0.84 cm3/g和213.6 m2/g, Na2O含量在0.3%以下,部分性质甚至超过了SB粉的技术指标. 该方法为从廉价的铝酸钠溶液制备高附加值的拟薄水铝石提供了一条新的可供选择的路径.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).