非靶标代谢组研究温度对黄曲霉菌代谢的影响

采用基于超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱联用的非靶标代谢组学方法来研究温度对黄曲霉菌生理代谢的影响,使用交互偏最小二乘判别分析(Ortho PLS-DA)等化学计量学方法对代谢组数据进行多元统计分析,使用二级质谱信息和谱库检索定性黄曲霉菌代谢特征信息。使用内标结合混合质控样品的方法对非靶标代谢组方法进行质量控制。将该方法应用于研究温度对黄曲霉菌代谢组的影响,发现不同温度下有3 593个(T检验p0.01)差异表达代谢特征,筛选出20个候选差异代谢物。研究结果表明,温度显著影响三羧酸循环、脂肪酸、苯丙氨酸、色氨酸、络氨酸等生物合成路径,并调控黄曲霉毒素、黄匹阿尼酸、曲酸等次生代谢物生物合成路径酶活性。研究发现曲酸和黄曲霉毒素前体化合物与黄曲霉毒素的累积变化规律相似,可作为候选靶标进行验证。该研究为开展我国黄曲霉毒素风险评估和分子预警研究提供了新的路径和方法。     

DFT Study on the Effect of Hydrogen-bond Formation on the Adsorption of Aminotriazines on Graphene

DFT calculations have been performed to explore the aminotriazine adsorption on graphene surfaces.Relative energies,equilibrium geometries and electronic structures of monomer and dimer of aminotriazine molecules adsorbed at the surface were investigated and analyzed in details.It was found that the hydrogen atoms in the NH2 group of aminotriazine molecules are directed toward the graphene surface,and the adsorption energy increases as the NH2 group is added.The adsorbed aminotriazine molecules facilely form a dimer through the hydrogen bonding interactions,and the two aromatic rings of optimized structure of 2-amino-1,3,5-triazine(B) dimmer(denoted by B2) and melamine(D) dimmer(denoted by D2) are parallel to the graphene sheet.The large deviation of the averaged adsorption energy of B2 and D2 compared to monor adsorption may reflect the increase of π-π repulsion and the effect of hydrogen bond formation.The electronic structure analyses reveal that the formation of hydrogen bonds in melamine dimer has great influence on the adsorption mode at the graphene surface.     

Studies on Mechanism of Grafting of Polystyrene on Elastomer Backbone

The mechanism of grafting of polystyrene on a polybutadiene (PB) backbone during the preparation of impact-resistant polystyrene was studied by withdrawing samples during propolym-erization from beginning of the reaction to about 25% conversion. Good separation of the “elastomer and graft” fraction of the polymer from the free polystyrene part could be achieved by using 0.24 volume fraction of methanol in (MEK + benzene) + methanol solvent-nonsolvent. IR analysis of the grafted fraction showed that the microstructure of the elastomer remained unaltered. The unsaturation of the samples studied through the bromine number as well as by the perbenzoic acid number was also found to remain unchanged. Formation of free polystyrene started with the onset of polymerization and was faster. During prepolymerization, 80% of styrene converted constantly to form free polystyrene and 20% went into the grafted polymer. The results indicate that grafting is initiated through proton abstraction at the α-carbon of butadiene, most probably by initiator radicals. The grafted polystyrene chains possibly are shorter than free polystyrene chains.     

微量杂质对苯并三氧化呋咱(BTF)感度影响研究

苯并三氧化呋咱(BTF)是一种由三叠氮三硝基苯(TATNB)经脱氮反应制得的零氧无氢炸药,90℃～120℃温度范围内动力学参数计算外推得到其贮存寿命大约是太安的1．5倍,桥丝感度与太安相当,需要的能量较小,并使发火的电压降低,其起爆性能、输出能量、机械感度、热安定性均     

纳米材料对PHBV增韧改性的研究进展

聚(β-羟基丁酸酯-β-羟基戊酸酯)(PHBV)是一种拥有生物可降解性、生物相容性、压电性、光学活性等诸多优良特性的热塑性树脂,具有广阔的应用前景。但是PHBV脆性大,韧性差,导致其应用受到限制。本文综述了近年来国内外纳米材料增韧改性PHBV的进展。当纳米材料添加到PHBV时,可以起到异相成核剂的作用,改善结晶性能,从而降低PHBV的脆性。在众多的纳米材料中,纳米纤维素质量轻、强度高、模量大并可生物降解,有希望在不影响PHBV自身降解性的基础上提高其韧性。文章最后概括了目前纳米纤维素增韧PHBV存在的几点问题,同时对用纳米纤维素增韧PHBV的发展前景提出展望。     

镍激活EB病毒的研究

应用间接免疫荧光法和抗补体免疫荧光技术研究,证实在试管内1～40mg/L NiSO4.6H2O(Ni)显著增强携带Epstein-Barr Virus(EBV)基因组的三株类淋巴母细胞株的VCA、MA、EA、EBNA-2抗原表达.此外还发现1～20mg/L Ni能明显促进EBV转化人脐血B淋巴细胞的作用,当多次加Ni时促进效应更强,前者转化促进率为13.31%～46.6 1%,后者达22.70%～57.04%.以上结果表明,Ni具有激活 EBV的作用.EBV与鼻咽癌(NPC) 密切相关,广东 NPC高发区大米和饮水中 Ni的含量偏高,NPC患者血和头发中 Ni 的水平明显高于健康人.研究结果提示,EBV与 Ni相互作用可能是 NPC发生、发展过程中的一个协同因素.     

镁电沉积研究评述

Mg离子二次电池是有望用于电动汽车的“绿色”蓄电池，它比Li离子二次电池低价、较高的安全性和环境友好及可大电流、大容量放电。本文对迄今为止关于镁的电沉积及镁离子二次电池的电解质溶液的研究进行综述；并对今后的研究提出了设想。     

铅污染对幼儿健康影响的调查研究

对调查区和对照区共２０３名￣６岁幼儿进行了血铅汪洋的调查。结果显示，生活在不同环境下的幼儿，已受到程度不同的铅污染。工业相对集中的城镇（调查区）幼儿血铅含量为５．１５μｇ／ｄＬ，大于郊区（对照区）幼儿的血铅含量３．５４μｇ／ｄＬ，交通和工矿企业对周围环境的污染是幼儿体内铅的主要来源。     

壳聚糖固定L-天门冬酰胺酶的研究

研究了以壳聚糖为载体，戊二醛为交联剂，固定化Ｌ－天门冬酰胺酶的最适条件，并对固定化天门冬酰胺酶的理化性质进行了初步探讨。分别从不同固定化程序、缓冲液及保护剂等方面进行了固定化天门冬酰胺酶的条件优化；固定化酶的活力回收可达２０％左右。固定化酶的最适范围变宽，由游离酶的最适ｐＨ＝４～６变为ｐＨ＝６～１０。连续使用６次后仍可基本维持固定化酶的活力。固定化酶对胃蛋白酶的水解性也较游离酶大大提高。     

Effect of hydrogen on the aromatization of propane on H-pentasil

Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1931–1932, August, 1990.     

多壁碳纳米管对PS分子量影响的研究

由于碳纳米管（CNT）具有优异的力学、电学、光学等性能，近年来，聚合物／碳纳米管（polymer／CNT）复合材料的研究已经成为研究者关注的热点。相关的研究主要集中在：一是将CNT作为填充材料制各复合材料，使复合材料的力学、电学等性能得到提高。二是将CNT作为主体，用聚合物对CNT进行修饰，使CNT在有机溶剂中能够获得良好的溶解度。而对于在聚合反应中，CNT的加入对聚合物分子量影响的研究，相关的报道较少。本文利用悬浮聚合法制备了聚苯乙烯／多壁碳纳米管（PS／MWNT）复合材料，采用透射电镜（TEM）和凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）对其进行了分析，详细研究了MWNT对于PS分子量的影响。     

深度探究浓度对化学平衡的影响

就Fe3++SCN-Fe(SCN)2+平衡而言,向该平衡体系中加入一定浓度的FeCl3溶液,通过改进浓度对化学平衡影响的实验和对实验的深入探究,借助实验的功能解决了平衡移动的方向、Fe(SCN)2+的浓度和溶液的颜色是如何变化的等问题,进而使学生对“外界条件对化学平衡的影响”有了更全面的认识.     

AMT在青铜电极表面上吸附的SERS研究

对AMT在青铜上的吸附行为进行激光拉曼电化学研究，通过改变青铜电极的电极电位对在有无Cl－存在条件下各主要拉曼振动峰进行观察.结果表明, AMT垂直吸附在青铜表面，有Cl－存在下， Cl－与AMT分子共吸附在青铜表面上.外加阳极极化电流、加入Cl－将增加AMT在青铜表面上的吸附.     

二氧化碳共聚物为基的聚氨酯生物降解性能研究

以CO2为起始物合成出聚碳酸亚乙酯（PEC）二醇，进而合成以PEC为预聚物的聚氨酯。对该聚氨酶的力学性能、降解性能等进行了测试。结果表明，该聚氨酯同时具有良好的力学性能和良好的生物降解性能。     

Effect of bile salts on adsorption of cholesterol on silica adsorbent

The adsorption of cholesterol and several bile salts on the surface of modified hydrophobic silica adsorbent from individual and mixed solutions is studied at constant solution pH as a function of the concentration of bile salts. It is shown that, despite the solubilization of cholesterol by bile salts, cholesterol is adsorbed on the adsorbent as an individual compound, i.e. not as a complex with bile salts. The stronger the cholesterol is bound with bile salts, the smaller the value of adsorption. For the quantitative interpretation of adsorption data, a nonelectrostatic model of complexation on the surface is used.     

Influence of water on the heat of hydrogen adsorption on nickel

Water and hydrogen adsorption on Ni-black has been studied by a microcalorimetric method. The heat of hydrogen adsorption is considerably different on clean surfaces and on those covered with 20–50% chemisorbed water. In the former case it varies between 33 and 8 kcal/mol, and in the latter between 26 and 4.6 kcal/mol. The decrease in the heat of hydrogen adsorption is related to the energy requirement of water desorption. On the hydrogen-covered catalyst surface no water adsorption occurs.

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Ni-. 20–50% . 33 8 /, - 26 4,6 /. . , , .

     

溴代作用对竹红菌素分子性质影响的理论研究

用AM1方法对红菌素（包插甲素和乙素）与它们的溴代物进行了量子化学对比计算,得到了生成热,前线轨道能级及偶极矩等,讨论了溴代作用对竹红菌素分子性质的影响。     

Self-assembly of acetylcholinesterase on gold nanoparticles electrodeposited on graphite

The immobilisation of AChE enzyme through chemisorption on Au-modified graphite was examined with view of its prospective application in the design of membraneless electrochemical biosensors for the assay of enzyme inhibitors. The developed immobilisation protocol has been based on a two-stage procedure, comprising i) electrodeposition of gold nanostructures on spectroscopic graphite; followed by ii) chemisorption of the enzyme onto gold nanoparticles. Both the coverage of the electrode surface with Au nanostructures and the conditions for enzyme immobilisation were optimised. The proposed electrode architecture together with the specific type of enzyme immobilisation allow for a long-term retaining of the enzyme catalytic activity. The extent of inhibition of the immobilised acetylcholinesterase enzyme by the organophosphorous compound monocrotophos has been found to depend linearly on its concentration over the range from 50 to 400 nmol mL^?1 with sensitivity 77.2% inhibition per 1 µmol mL^?1 of monocrotophos.      

Investigation on the preconcentration of trace elements on polyacrylonitrile

Summary Trace amounts of Co, Ni, and Mn have been enriched from aqueous solutions by retention of their ions on polyacrylonitrile (PAN). The recovery has been determined as a function of the amount of PAN, pH, the concentration of eluent (HCl) and the volume of sample solution. The elements were removed with 100% efficiency by means of conc. HCl. Recoveries were up to 95% depending on the elements. The resin has been used in combination with atomic absorption spectrophotometry for the determination.     

Studies on the Effects of Epimedium Extract on Erythrocytes

Epimedium, one of representatives of traditional Chinese herb, is mainly composed of flavones and polysaccharide. It is famous for its antioxidant, antineoplastic and antiaging activities and has been widely used in the field of invigorating kidney and st…