同步检测烟草丛顶病毒和烟草扭脉病毒的方法

本发明提供一种同步检测烟草丛顶病毒和烟草扭脉病毒的方法，属植物保护领域。根据烟草丛顶病毒和烟草扭脉病毒核苷酸序列分别设计两对特异性引物TB2F／TB2R（检测烟草丛顶病毒）及TVCPF／TVCPR（检测烟草扭脉病毒）。提取植株组织的总RNA后，采用双重RT—PCR的方法，同步检测烟草丛顶病毒和烟草扭脉病毒。该发明能有效克服指示植物法、电镜技术、酶联免疫技术以及总核酸提取法和传统RT—PCR方法的缺点，只用相当于一次普通RT—PCR的时间和试剂，就可以方便、特异、灵敏的同步检测烟草丛顶病毒和烟草扭脉病毒。     

烟草中不同部位尼古丁含量的测定与比较

利用示波极谱法直接测定了贵州、云南、河南和四川四个烟草盛产地所产烟草的烟叶和烟茎中不同部位的尼古丁含量,并对测定结果进行了比较。结果显示:各地烟草上部烟叶尼古丁含量最高,中部次之,下部尼古丁含量最低;尼古丁在茎部的分布以中部最高,下部次之,上部最少。烟叶中的尼古丁含量又远高于其相应的茎。     

一种造纸法再造烟叶烟草水提物中固形物含量的测定方法

正申请公布号:CN107543879A申请公布日:2018.01.05申请人:安徽中烟工业有限责任公司摘要本发明公开了一种造纸法再造烟叶烟草水提物中固形物含量的测定方法,采用气相色谱法快速测定测试样品中的水分含量进而得到总固形物含量和可溶性固形物含量,再计算获得不溶性固形物含量。本发明方法具有快速、准确,     

不同烟草生物质热解释放致香物质的研究

采用烟叶和烟梗为原料,使用热裂解气相色谱法对烟草的燃烧时间、燃烧温度进行控制,精确模拟实际烟草致香物质释放环境,精确捕获、并半定量物质,从而在实验室模拟、分析、研究烟草燃烧物中致香物质的组成和特点。研究分别考察了两种生物质在500℃、550℃下释放的致香物质组成。结果表明,烟梗、烟叶中元素组成中硫、氮两种元素含量低,而C/H比值两种烟草生物质均较高。两个热解温度下烟叶的热解产物中致香物质的含量均明显高于烟梗。升高热解温度均有利于获得更高相对含量的热解成分。烟叶热解产物中烯烃类物质相对含量比烟梗中多,而烟梗热解产物中酚类物质含量比烟叶中多。提高热解温度有利于酮类致香物质含量产生。     

高效液相色谱法测定电子烟烟液中丙二醇和丙三醇的含量

正近年来,随着国际控烟局势的日益加强,电子烟作为一种新型烟草制品开始受到关注,并在全球销量呈快速增长之势[1-2],逐渐成为一种重要的吸烟备选消费方式。电子烟在模拟抽吸传统卷烟产出的烟气时,需要使用大量的雾化剂。目前,电子烟雾化剂为烟液的主要成分,普遍采用1,2-丙二醇和丙三醇[3-4]。1,2-丙二醇和丙三醇的含量,对电子烟烟雾状态以及抽吸口感产生重要影响。为满足电子烟烟     

微波消解样品-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定卷烟辅料中7种微量元素

随着全世界吸烟与健康问题的深入,人们对卷烟吸食的安全性越来越重视。烟草制品的成分披露和管制中,包括砷、铅、镉、铬、镍、硒和汞等7种元素,除烟叶本身外,卷烟辅料是烟草制品中引入这些有害元素污染的主要途径之一。卷烟辅料主要是指滤嘴材料(如烟用接装纸、卷烟纸、丝束、烟用胶粘剂、三乙酸甘油酯等)、烟用添加剂(如烟用香精香     

基于液相色谱-质谱联用技术的代谢组学方法研究薄荷烟对大鼠代谢的影响

将基于液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)技术的代谢组学分析平台用于薄荷烟对大鼠代谢影响的研究。分析了3组大鼠的尿样,包括对照大鼠、吸食普通烟大鼠和吸食薄荷烟大鼠,并采用主成分分析(PCA)方法对数据进行模式识别。PCA得分图表明吸食薄荷烟大鼠与对照组大鼠尿样的代谢差异要小于吸食普通烟大鼠。从PCA载荷图中找到并鉴定了犬尿喹啉酸等8种重要代谢物。通过考察代谢物在对照大鼠、吸食薄荷烟大鼠和吸食普通烟大鼠尿样中的相对含量变化,进一步说明了烟草中添加薄荷醇可减少烟草对大鼠代谢的影响。     

全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱法测定烟草的中性化学成分

建立了采用全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(GC×GC-TOFMS)分析烟草的中性化学成分的方法。以DB-Petro(50 m×200 μm×0.5 μm) 为第一维色谱柱,DB-1701(2.3 m×100 μm×0.1 μm)为第二维色谱柱;调制周期为8 s;柱头压力为550 kPa;采用程序升温方式,初始温度分别为80 ℃和85 ℃。采用所建立的方法对不同部位的烟叶、不同品种烟草中的25种中性香味成分含量进行了测定和对比。结果表明：云南楚雄产云烟85的中性香味成分(不包括新植二烯)的总量以中部叶最高,其次是上部叶,下部叶最少;国内外不同品种的烤烟中中性香味成分的含量高低顺序为：巴西烤烟最高,其次是津巴布韦烤烟、云烟85、中烟101、NC89、K326;4类烟草中中性香味成分含量最高的是香料烟,其次是白肋烟、烤烟、马里兰烟。     

裂解气相色谱质谱技术在烟草化学中的应用

综述了裂解–气相色谱–质谱技术及其在烟草化学研究中的应用,包括烟草成分裂解产物研究、烟用香精香料裂解产物研究及烟用辅料和添加剂裂解产物研究,展望了该技术的发展前景。     

烟草油的分析鉴定

烟草烟末、碎烟梗用溶剂萃取后可制得烟草浸膏,烟草浸膏用溶剂溶解后,其萃取液经减压蒸馏浓缩可得到烟草油[1].由于原料来源不同,烟草油嗅香和评吸效果有所不同,仅从感官和物理指标上无法判断质量不同的具体原因.比较气-质联用分析的总离子流图可以很直观的快速了解其中的主要差别,利用谱库检索[2]则可系统的解析感官评判和评吸效果较好烟草油的主要成分.     

Pyrolysis and combustion of tobacco in a cigarette smoking simulator under air and nitrogen atmosphere

A coupling between a cigarette smoking simulator and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer was constructed to allow investigation of tobacco smoke formation under simulated burning conditions. The cigarette smoking simulator is designed to burn a sample in close approximation to the conditions experienced by a lit cigarette. The apparatus also permits conditions outside those of normal cigarette burning to be investigated for mechanistic understanding purposes. It allows control of parameters such as smouldering and puff temperatures, as well as combustion rate and puffing volume. In this study, the system enabled examination of the effects of “smoking” a cigarette under a nitrogen atmosphere. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with a soft ionisation technique is expedient to analyse complex mixtures such as tobacco smoke with a high time resolution. The objective of the study was to separate pyrolysis from combustion processes to reveal the formation mechanism of several selected toxicants. A purposely designed adapter, with no measurable dead volume or memory effects, enables the analysis of pyrolysis and combustion gases from tobacco and tobacco products (e.g. 3R4F reference cigarette) with minimum aging. The combined system demonstrates clear distinctions between smoke composition found under air and nitrogen smoking atmospheres based on the corresponding mass spectra and visualisations using principal component analysis.     

Multidimensional gas chromatographic determination of cotinine as a marker compound for particulate-phase environmental tobacco smoke

Multidimensional gas chromatographic analysis of air particles for the tobacco alkaloid cotinine is described. The analytical procedure requires little sample preparation. Unambiguous identification of cotinine and nicotine in cigarette smoke and indoor air samples was achieved by precise, reproducible retention times observed with two parallel analytical columns of different polarities and a nitrogen-specific detector. Further investigation of smoking and environmental variables is needed to validate the use of cotinine as a marker compound for environmental tobacco smoke particulate matter.     

Starker Tobak

The active ingredient of tobacco, nicotine, is originally biosynthesized by plants as a protection against pests. Nicotine survives the harsh conditions in a burning cigarette and binds to certain acetylcholine receptors in the smoker's nerve system within seconds after the first puff. It is the nicotine that makes smoking so extremely addictive. On the other side, the majority of tobacco‐related diseases are not caused by nicotine but by other smoke components. Therefore smoke‐free products like electronic cigarettes have been developed that potentially pose less risk. It is now up to the individual smoker to make an informed choice between different nicotine delivery products and/or smoking at all.     

Determination of the elemental distribution in cigarette components and smoke by instrumental neutron activation analysis

Cigarette smoking is a major source of particles released in indoor environments. A comprehensive study of the elemental distribution in cigarettes and cigarette smoke has been completed. Specifically, concentrations of thirty elements have been determined for the components of 15 types of cigarettes. Components include tobacco, ash, butts, filters, and cigarette paper. In addition, particulate matter from mainstream smoke (MS) and sidestream smoke (SS) were analyzed. The technique of elemental determination used in the study is instrumental neutron activation analysis. The results show that certain heavy metals, such as As, Cd, K, Sb and Zn, are released into the MS and SS. These metals may then be part of the health risk of exposure to smoke. Other elements are retained, for the most part, in cigarette ash and butts. The elemental distribution among the cigarette components and smoke changes for different smoking conditions.     

Influence of filter ventilation on the chemical composition of cigarette mainstream smoke

Total yields of cigarette smoke constituents are greatly influenced by smoking behaviour, the tobacco blend as well as a variety of cigarette design parameters. Thereby, filter ventilation, i.e. diluting the smoke by providing a zone of microscopic holes around the circumference of the filter is one method to reduce the yield of ‘tar’ and other smoke compounds. However, little is known how these design variations influence the combustion conditions, and therefore, the overall chemical pattern of the smoke. In this paper single photon ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPI-TOFMS) is used to characterize and compare cigarettes on a puff-by-puff basis, which differ only in filter ventilation magnitude. The research cigarettes investigated were made from Virginia tobacco and featured filter ventilations of 0% (no ventilation), 35%, and 70%. The cigarettes were smoked under two different puffing regimes, one using the puffing parameters of the conventional International Organization for Standardization (ISO) smoking regime and a more intense smoking condition. Results show that every variation entails a change of the chemical pattern, whereby, in general, cigarettes with 0% filter ventilation as well as the intense smoking regime lead to a more complete combustion compared to the ISO smoking conditions and the high ventilated cigarettes. Changes in the overall patterns can also be observed during the smoking for individual puffs. Some substances dominate the first puff, some species are more pronounced in the middle puffs, whereas others are preferably formed in the last puffs. This demonstrates the high complexity of the occurring processes. Results might help to understand the formation and decomposition reactions taking place when a cigarette is smoked and offer scope for targeted reduction strategies for specific toxicants or groups of toxicants in the smoke.     

Puff-by-puff resolved characterisation of cigarette mainstream smoke by single photon ionisation (SPI)-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS): comparison of the 2R4F research cigarette and pure Burley, Virginia, Oriental and Maryland tobacco cigarettes

Soft single photon ionisation (SPI)-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) is applied for the characterisation and comparison of puff-by-puff resolved and total yields of cigarette mainstream smoke from single tobacco type cigarettes (Virginia, Oriental, Burley, and Maryland) and the 2R4F University of Kentucky research cigarette. Puff-by-puff characteristics of various smoke components within one cigarette type as well as between different cigarette types can differ tremendously. This is demonstrated by means of a few selected compounds. Puff yields vary between 15 and 106 μm for acetaldehyde, 6 and 57 μm for NO, and between 1 and 8 μm for butadiene. Thereby, cigarettes containing 100% Oriental and Burley tobacco exhibit a very unique behaviour for the first and last puff. Different cultivation and processing methods as well as burning characteristics are most likely responsible for this. Since the 2R4F cigarette contains all four tobacco types it combines features of all of them. However, for some smoke constituents, smoking of the 2R4F reference cigarette results in exceptionally high yields which might not be attributable to the four pure tobacco types, but to other factors. In addition, comparison of the different cigarettes was also carried out by normalising the yields to puff resolved particulate matter. This procedure minimises effects caused by unequal smoke formation and represents another approach in evaluating the data.     

新型粘胶短纤维滤嘴的研制

为改善滤嘴对卷烟焦油的过滤效果,提高吸食品质,降低卷烟成本,本文选用粘胶短纤维作为卷烟过滤材料,开发了粘胶短纤维卷烟滤棒的成型工艺路线,制备了符合国家标准的新型卷烟滤棒。对不同规格纤维和成型工艺条件对滤棒性能的影响进行了较系统的研究。     

Application of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometry and different types of data analysis for the investigation of cigarette particulate matter

In tobacco research, the comparison of different tobacco blends as well as the puff-dependent behaviour of cigarettes is a matter of particular interest. For the investigation of smoke characteristics, GC x GC offers different ways for data analysis, namely, compound target analysis, automated peak-based compound classification and comprehensive pixel-based data analysis. This study will show the application as well as the pros and cons of these types of data analysis for very complex matrices like cigarette particulate matter. In addition, new aspects about the recently discovered puff-dependent behaviour of compounds in cigarette smoke will be presented. Automated peak-based compound classification including mass spectrometric pattern recognition is used for the classification of tobacco particulate matter samples and the puff-dependent investigation of different compound classes. This compound group specific analysis is further reinforced by applying an even more comprehensive pixel-based analysis. This kind of analysis is used to generate fingerprints of different types of cigarettes. The combination of fast feature reduction methods like analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test with multivariate feature transformation methods like partial least squares discriminate analysis (PLSDA) for feature selection provides a powerful tool for a detailed inspection of different types of cigarettes.     

Magnetic bead-based approach to monitoring of cigarette smoke-induced DNA oxidation damage and screening of natural protective compounds

Cigarette smoking can damage DNA and induce spontaneous mutagenesis or carcinogenesis. Here, we describe a novel strategy for in situ monitoring of cigarette smoke-induced DNA oxidation damage and offer a method for screening natural compounds that protect DNA against tobacco smoke. The present protocol takes advantage of a fast and simple magnetic separation/mixing method and a highly sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) ELISA. The DNA immobilized on the magnetic beads was oxidized by the smoke in the absence or presence of natural compounds, and then oxidative DNA was conveniently held by magnetic force, whereas the complex tobacco smoke matrix and any remaining compounds were completely eliminated by extensive washing, and possible interferences were thus removed and oxidative damage was then sensitively monitored by CL ELISA. A library of 32 natural products was then screened and three were found to protect DNA from oxidative damage and thus may be promising compounds for the development of new drugs. Moreover, the protection effect of these three natural compounds against DNA oxidation damage was successfully classified by directly spiking them in the reference cigarettes. In addition, the potential to screen a mixture in a complex sample matrix, such as crude extracts, was also demonstrated, and hence the proposed technique can screen compounds within a complex matrix and enhance the screening throughput.     

Radioactivity levels in jurak and moasel,comparison with cigarette tobacco

Jurak and moasel are tobacco products that contain, in addition to tobacco, juice of sugar cane, fruits, spices, tar and nicotine. These products are smoked by hubble-bubble, a popular smoking habit in the Middle Eastern and North African countries. Charcoal is put directly on these products during smoking and the smoke passes through water for cooling purpose before it goes to the lung, without filtering. Radioactivity levels were measured in these products, tobacco leaves, charcoal and in cigarette tobacco of most well known brand names by gamma spectrometry system consisting of HPGe detector coupled to a PC-based 8192 channel multichannel analyzer. The average²²⁶Ra concentrations in jurak, moasel, tobacco leaves, charcoal and cigarette tobacco in Bq/kg were: 3.4, 1.8, 3.2, 2.9 and 7 respectively; that of²³²Th were: 3.8, 2.6, 3.5, 2.2 and 7.8 respectively; that of⁴⁰K were 620, 445, 511, 163 and 876 respectively. It is expected that a jurak smoker inhales 10 times the radioactivity and a moasel smoker twice that compared to a 25 cigarette/d smoker.