以铬皮为原料制备多孔炭及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

以铬皮为原料制备多孔炭,并考察其对亚甲基蓝染料的吸附性能,对其吸附机理进行了探讨。结果表明,体系pH、亚甲基蓝初始浓度和吸附时间对多孔炭吸附亚甲基蓝的能力影响较大。通过吸附等温线和吸附动力学研究,发现该吸附过程可用Langmuir吸附等温线来描述,且符合准二级动力学吸附模型。铬皮基多孔炭有望成为含亚甲基蓝污水处理的良好净化剂。     

溶剂热条件对MIL-53(Fe)结晶度及吸附性能的影响

采用溶剂热法制备一系列金属有机骨架材料MIL-53(Fe),使用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、电子扫描电镜等表征手段对其结构进行表征.探讨了其对有机染料亚甲基蓝的吸附性能.通过改变反应温度来调控MIL-53(Fe)的结晶度,结果表明,高结晶度的MIL-53(Fe)更利于吸附行为.吸附动力学、等温线研究表明,该吸附过程符合准二级动力学和Langmuir等温线模型.     

果胶改性硅胶复合材料的制备及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

以废弃柚子皮中提取的果胶改性硅胶表面,制备出新型的果胶改性硅胶复合材料——P-硅胶,研究了P-硅胶对水中亚甲基蓝染料的吸附性能。利用红外光谱对材料进行表征,并通过分光光度法考察了用量、p H值、吸附时间、温度及实际水样对P-硅胶吸附亚甲基蓝性能的影响。硅胶经果胶改性后,其对亚甲基蓝的吸附容量由31.6 mg·g-1增至41.7 mg·g-1,吸附性能明显提高;P-硅胶对亚甲基蓝的吸附容量随着p H值、温度的升高而增大,碱性条件有利于吸附。结果显示:当p H 7.0,P-硅胶用量为5 mg,吸附时间为2 h,吸附温度为50℃时,制备出的P-硅胶对亚甲基蓝染料溶液的吸附容量最大可达59.2 mg·g-1。动力学研究显示,P-硅胶对亚甲基蓝的吸附能够在120 min内迅速达平衡,吸附行为符合准二级动力学方程,表明该吸附过程以化学吸附为主。吸附等温线研究表明,与Freundlich模型相比,实验数据拟合更符合Langmuir吸附等温模型。P-硅胶对环境水样中亚甲基蓝的去除率可达90%以上。     

明胶改性磁性石墨烯对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

采用化学还原法制备了一种新型的明胶掺杂磁性石墨烯复合材料(gelatinMGO),并进一步研究了pH值、接触时间和温度对该材料吸附亚甲基蓝的影响。亚甲基蓝吸附实验结果表明,gelatin-MGO对亚甲基蓝有较大的吸附能力,最大吸附容量可达210.5mg/g,吸附为自发吸热过程,在pH值为6.5时去除率最大,其吸附过程符合拟二级反应动力学方程和Langmuir吸附模型,解吸实验表明,明胶改性石墨烯的再生性能优异,重复使用5次去除率仍为85%以上,该材料适合作为吸附剂去除废水中的亚甲基蓝。     

改性纳米二氧化硅的制备及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

以溶胶凝胶、原位修饰法制备偶联剂KH550表面修饰纳米二氧化硅作为新型吸附剂,对吸附剂进行FTIR、SEM、TG等分析表征。探讨了新型吸附剂对阳离子染料亚甲基蓝模拟废水进行吸附处理,研究了pH、离子强度、温度对亚甲基蓝吸附性能的影响及吸附机理。改性纳米二氧化硅吸附染料的p H应用范围较宽。NaCl浓度对染料吸附有较大的影响,浓度增大,亚甲基蓝吸附容量增大。温度升高,亚甲基蓝吸附容量因脱附有所下降。改性纳米二氧化硅吸附亚甲基蓝符合Langmuir吸附模型,最大吸附容量为17.7mg·g~(-1),为优惠吸附。改性纳米二氧化硅经五次再生后,可重复利用吸附亚甲基蓝,吸附量基本不变。     

均苯三甲酸改性凹凸棒石对水中Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附研究

以硅烷偶联剂KH550和均苯三甲酸(BTC)对凹凸棒石(ATP)进行改性作为重金属离子的吸附剂,研究了其对水溶液中Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附性能。采用FT-IR、SEM等对改性前后的凹凸棒石进行表征;研究了溶液的pH值、时间和温度等因素对Hg(Ⅱ)吸附特性的影响,并对Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附过程进行动力学和热力学分析。研究表明,改性凹凸棒石对Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,最大吸附容量为143.68mg/g。改性凹凸棒石对Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程。此外,均苯三甲酸改性凹凸棒石是可重复使用的,在5次再生实验后依然保持着良好的吸附能力。这些结果表明,均苯三甲酸改性凹凸棒石是一种高效的Hg(Ⅱ)吸附材料。     

芭蕉芋渣对亚甲基蓝的吸附及机理研究

以芭蕉芋渣作为吸附材料,探讨了pH值、温度、亚甲基蓝(MB)初始质量浓度、吸附时间等因素对其吸附MB的影响,利用FT-IR、SEM等技术,结合吸附等温线和动力学模型分析研究了其吸附机理。结果表明,芭蕉芋渣能与阳离子染料亚甲基蓝上的正电荷基团之间形成静电引力,从而产生较好的吸附作用,亚甲基蓝的起始浓度在100～5 000 mg/L,吸附量达到185.0 mg/g。随吸附时间的增加,芭蕉芋渣对亚甲基蓝的去除率增大,180 min后达到平衡;随着温度的升高,吸附量也增大。芭蕉芋渣对亚甲基蓝的吸附作用更符合Redlich-Peterson等温模型;该吸附动力学过程可以用准二级模型进行很好的描述,拟合所得的初始吸附速率随着温度的增加而提高。     

石棉尾矿酸浸渣作为一种吸附剂去除水溶液中的Co(II)

本文采用XRD, FT-IR, SEM 和 BET等手段分别对石棉尾矿,石棉尾矿酸浸渣,以及煅烧的石棉尾矿酸浸渣进行表征。利用煅烧的石棉尾矿酸浸渣对Co(II)进行吸附研究。研究了吸附剂浓度、吸附时间、pH值和温度对Co(II)在磁性伊利石上吸附的影响,并采用Lagrange准二级动力学方程、Langmuir等温线方程、Freundlich等温线方程和D-R等温线方程对实验数据进行拟合。结果表明: pH值、离子强度和温度对Co(II)在煅烧的石棉尾矿酸浸渣上的吸附影响较大;Co(II)在煅烧的石棉尾矿酸浸渣上的吸附符合Lagrange准二级动力学方程;热力学符合Langmuir等温线方程,并且高温利于吸附。利用石棉尾矿作为吸附材料,是一个“以废治废”的工程。     

石棉尾矿酸浸渣作为一种吸附剂去除水溶液中的Co(Ⅱ)（英文）

本文采用XRD、FT-IR、SEM和BET等手段分别对石棉尾矿、石棉尾矿酸浸渣,以及煅烧的石棉尾矿酸浸渣进行表征。利用煅烧的石棉尾矿酸浸渣对Co(II)进行吸附研究。研究了吸附剂浓度、吸附时间、p H、离子强度和温度对Co(II)在磁性伊利石上吸附的影响,并采用Lagrange准二级动力学方程、Langmuir等温线方程、Freundlich等温线方程和D-R等温线方程对实验数据进行拟合,计算出热力学参数。结果表明,Co(II)在煅烧的石棉尾矿酸浸渣上的吸附是自发吸热过程,符合Lagrange准二级动力学方程;p H、离子强度和温度对Co(II)在煅烧的石棉尾矿酸浸渣上的吸附影响较大;热力学符合Langmuir等温线方程,并且高温利于吸附。     

功能化的石墨烯和磁铁掺杂的还原氧化石墨烯对亚甲基蓝的吸附作用

用简单可行的方法合成了功能化的石墨烯(GNSPF6)和磁铁掺杂的还原氧化石墨烯(RGO-Fe3O4),并进一步研究了pH值、接触的时间和温度对它们吸附亚甲基蓝(MB)的影响.结果表明,随着pH值和温度的增加其吸附量也随之变大,从而说明该吸附过程是自发吸热的.因为GNSPF6的吸附过程只用了不到20min的时间,所以它的吸附是高效的.用经典的准一级反应、准二级反应和粒内扩散模型对其吸附过程进行动态分析,从结果可以发现,准二级动力学模型比准一级动力学模型更适用于描述吸附过程.采用传统的Langmuir,Freundlich和L-F吸附等温线模型来模拟分析数据,在20℃时,由Langmuir吸附等温线模型模拟分析得知GNSPF6和RGO-Fe3O4对MB的最大吸附量分别为374.4和118.4mg/g.     

Equilibrium, kinetics, mechanism, and process design for the sorption of methylene blue onto rice husk

Batch experiments were carried out for the sorption of methylene blue onto rice husk particles. The operating variables studied were initial solution pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent concentration, and contact time. Equilibrium data were fitted to the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equations and the equilibrium data were found to be well represented by the Langmuir isotherm equation. The monolayer sorption capacity of rice husks for methylene blue sorption was found to be 40.5833 mg/g at room temperature (32 degrees C). The sorption was analyzed using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models and the sorption kinetics was found to follow a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Also the applicability of pseudo second order in modeling the kinetic data was also discussed. The sorption process was found to be controlled by both surface and pore diffusion with surface diffusion at the earlier stages followed by pore diffusion at the later stages. The average external mass transfer coefficient and intraparticle diffusion coefficient was found to be 0.01133 min(-1) and 0.695358 mg/g min0.5. Analysis of sorption data using a Boyd plot confirms that external mass transfer is the rate limiting step in the sorption process. The effective diffusion coefficient, Di was calculated using the Boyd constant and was found to be 5.05 x 10(-04) cm2/s for an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L. A single-stage batch-adsorber design of the adsorption of methylene blue onto rice husk has been studied based on the Langmuir isotherm equation.     

Removal of methylene blue by seed-watermelon pulp-based low-cost adsorbent: Study of adsorption isotherms and kinetic models

Based on the abundance of seed-watermelon pulp (SWP) in Xinjiang, China, SWP was employed to prepare low-cost adsorbent toward the removal of methylene blue (MB). The effects of contact time at different initial concentration were studied. The widely used adsorption isotherm models including Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms were employed to depict the adsorption process. The Langmuir isotherm was best fitted to the experimental data. Batch kinetic studies showed that an equilibrium time of 300 minutes was needed for the adsorption. The adsorption properties can be well described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the MB uptake was not controlled by intraparticle diffusion mechanism.     

Chemically activated Ipomoea carnea as an adsorbent for the copper sorption from synthetic solutions

An indigenously prepared zinc chloride activated Ipomoea carnea (morning glory), a low-cost and abundant adsorbent, was used for removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions in a batch adsorption system. The chemical activating agent ZnCl₂ was dissolved in deionised water and then added to the adsorbent in two different ratios 1:1 and 1:0.5 adsorbent to activating agent ratio by weight. Studies were conducted as a function of contact time, initial metal concentration, dose of adsorbent, and pH. Activated Ipomoea carnea (AIC) were characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), iodine number and methylene blue number. High iodine numbers indicates development of micro pores with zinc chloride activation. Maximum adsorption was noted within pH range 6.0(±0.05). Adsorption process is fast initially and reaches equilibrium after about 4 hours. The kinetic data were analysed using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was found to agree well with the experimental data. Adsorption equilibrium data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The Langmuir model represented the sorption process better than the Freundlich model. Based on the Langmuir isotherm, the monolayer adsorption capacity of Cu(II) ions was 7.855 mg?g^?1 for AIC (1:1) and 6.934 mg?g^?1 for AIC (1:0.5).     

复合改性膨胀石墨的制备及对酸性艳蓝染料的吸附

采用相同反离子协同磷酸活化法, 以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)-KBr为复合改性剂, 制备了一种高效吸附剂复合改性膨胀石墨(M-EG), 通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)及X射线电子能谱(XPS)等对膨胀石墨(EG)和改性膨胀石墨(M-EG)的形貌结构、 组成和价态进行了表征, 考察了EG和M-EG对酸性艳蓝染料废水的处理效果. 结果表明, 复合改性后的膨胀石墨孔隙度变大, 表面含氮和溴官能团增多. 吸附剂M-EG对酸性艳蓝染料废水具有较高的吸附性能, 在pH=1.0及30 ℃条件下对染料的去除率达到94.13%; EG符合二级动力学吸附模型, 用Langmuir等温线方程拟合效果较好; M-EG符合二级吸附动力学方程, 同时符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型; M-EG的吸附动力学常数大于EG吸附动力学常数.     

Removal of radiocobalt ions from aqueous solutions by natural halloysite nanotubes

In this study, natural halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were applied to remove radiocobalt from wastewaters under various environmental parameters such as contact time, pH, ionic strength, foreign ions and temperature by using batch technique. The results indicated that the sorption of Co(II) on HNTs was dependent on ionic strength at pH < 8.5 and independent of ionic strength at pH > 8.5. Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied to simulate the sorption isotherms of Co(II) at three different temperatures of 293, 313 and 333 K. Langmuir model fitted the sorption isotherms of Co(II) on HNTs better than Freundlich model. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG ⁰, ΔS ⁰ and ΔH ⁰) calculated from the temperature-dependent sorption isotherms manifested that the sorption of Co(II) on HNTs was an endothermic and spontaneous process. The sorption of Co(II) was dominated by outer-sphere surface complexation or ion exchange at low pH, whereas inner-sphere surface complexation or precipitation was the main sorption mechanism at high pH. The experimental results show that HNTs have good potentialities for cost-effective disposal of cobalt-bearing wastewaters.     

Adsorption of reactive dyes on titania-silica mesoporous materials

This paper presents a study on the adsorption of two basic dyes, methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB), from aqueous solution onto mesoporous silica-titania materials. The effect of dye structure, adsorbent particle size, TiO(2) presence, and temperature on adsorption was investigated. Adsorption data obtained at different solution temperatures (25, 35, and 45 degrees C) revealed an irreversible adsorption that decreased with the increment of T. The presence of TiO(2) augmented the adsorption capacity (q(e)). This would be due to possible degradation of the dye molecule in contact with the TiO(2) particles in the adsorbent interior. The adsorption enthalpy was relatively high, indicating that interaction between the sorbent and the adsorbate molecules was not only physical but chemical. Both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations were applied to the experimental data. The obtained parameters and correlation coefficients showed that the adsorption of the two reactive dyes (MB and RhB) on the adsorbent systems at the three work temperatures was best predicted by the Langmuir isotherm, but not in all cases. The kinetic adsorption data were processed by the application of two simplified kinetic models, first and second order, to investigate the adsorption mechanism. It was found that the adsorption kinetics of methylene blue and rhodamine B onto the mesoporous silica-titania materials surface under different operating conditions was best described by the first-order model.     

Kinetics and equilibrium studies of adsorption of chromium(VI) ion from industrial wastewater using Chrysophyllum albidum (Sapotaceae) seed shells

A new biosorbent has been prepared by coating Chrysophyllum albidum (Sapotaceae) seed shells with chitosan and/or oxidizing agents such as sulfuric acid. This study investigated the technical feasibility of activated and modified activated C. albidum seed shells carbons for the adsorption of chromium(VI) from aqueous solution. The sorption process with respect to its equilibria and kinetics as well as the effects of pH, contact time, adsorbent mass, adsorbate concentration and particle size on adsorption was also studied. The most effective pH range was found to be between 4.5 and 5 for the sorption of the metal ion. The pseudo-first-order rate equation by Lagergren and pseudo-second-order rate equation were tested on the kinetic data, the adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order rate kinetics, also, isotherm data was analyzed for possible agreement with the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms, the Freundlich and Langmuir models for dynamics of metal ion uptake proposed in this work fitted the experimental data reasonably well. However, equilibrium sorption data were better represented by Langmuir model than Freundlich. The adsorption capacity calculated from Langmuir isotherm was 84.31, 76.23 and 59.63 mg Cr(VI)/g at initial pH of 3.0 at 30 °C for the particle size of 1.00–1.25 mm with the use of 12.5, 16.5 and 2.1 g/L of CACASC, CCASC and ACASC adsorbent mass, respectively. This readily available adsorbent is efficient in the uptake of Cr(VI) ion in aqueous solution, thus, it could be an excellent alternative for the removal of heavy metals and organic matter from water and wastewater.     

Oxalic acid removal from wastewater using multi-walled carbon nanotubes: Kinetic and equilibrium analysis

Oxalic acid adsorption from aqueous solution is studied in this work. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were used as an adsorbent. The investigated adsorption variables are equilibrium time, initial acid concentration, and temperature. The experimental results were presented using equilibrium isotherm and kinetic models. The used equilibrium models are Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin adsorption isotherms. And the kinetic models are Elovich, Lagergren pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The thermodynamics studies were carried out at three different temperatures: 278, 298, and 318 K. Langmuir isotherm was the best fitted equilibrium model for the experimental data. The all applied kinetic models fitted the data suitably.     

Utilization of industrial waste as a novel adsorbent: Mono/competitive adsorption of chromium(VI) and nickel(II) using diatomite waste modified by EDTA

The adsorption of Cr(VI) and Ni(II) using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid‐modified diatomite waste (EDTA‐DW) as an adsorbent in single and binary systems was investigated. The EDTA‐DW was characterized using various analytical techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurements, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive spectrometry. The adsorption experiment was conducted by varying pH, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration and temperature. In the single system, the sorption data for Cr(VI) fitted the Langmuir isotherm, but the Ni(II) adsorption data fitted well the Freundlich isotherm. The maximum sorption capacity of Cr(VI) and Ni(II) was 2.9 mg g^?1 at pH = 3 and 3.64 mg g^?1 at pH = 8, respectively. The kinetic data for both Cr(VI) and Ni(II) followed well the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model in single and binary systems. Meanwhile, the extended Langmuir and extended Freundlich multicomponent isotherm models were found to fit the competitive adsorption data for Cr(VI) and Ni(II). In addition, in the binary system, the existence of Ni(II) hindered the adsorption of Cr(VI), but the presence of Cr(VI) enhanced the removal of Ni(II). This study provides some realistic and valid data about the usage of modified diatomite waste for the removal of metal ions.     

Adsorption of basic dyes from aqueous solution onto pumice powder

The adsorption of methylene blue and crystal violet on pumice powder samples of varying compositions was investigated using a batch adsorption technique. The effects of various experimental parameters, such as adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, and contact time, were also investigated. The extent of dye removal increased with decreased initial concentration of the dye and also increased with increased contact time and amount of adsorbent used. Adsorption data were modeled using the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The adsorption kinetic of methylene blue and crystal violet could be described by the pseudo-second-order reaction model.