磷酸化黄原胶/氧化石墨烯的合成及其对铀的选择性吸附

以氧化石墨烯(GO)为基体,黄原胶(XG)为交联剂,磷酸(P)为修饰剂制备了磷酸功能化黄原胶/氧化石墨烯凝胶(P-XG/GO),并应用于铀的选择性吸附。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、Zeta电势分析等技术表明GO的交联和磷酸化成功。系统研究了溶液pH值、铀初始浓度、吸附时间和温度等因素的影响,得到了适宜吸附条件。吸附数据用Langmuir等温线模型拟合良好,最大吸附能力为495.05 mg/g。与准一级动力学模型相比,准二级动力学模型更好地拟合了吸附过程。     

磁性石墨烯对结晶紫的吸附性能研究

本文研究了磁性石墨烯对结晶紫的吸附特性,考察了pH、吸附剂用量、结晶紫浓度以及温度等对吸附平衡的影响。磁性石墨烯吸附结晶紫符合准二级动力学模型。不同温度下磁性石墨烯对结晶紫的吸附等温线满足Langmuir方程(R20.99)、Freundlich方程(R20.97)以及D-R模型(R20.96)。吸附热力学计算结果表明该吸附过程的△G0,并且随着温度升高△G越来越小,表明该吸附反应是自发进行的吸热反应。     

活性碳/CoFe_2O_4复合物的制备及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

通过低温回流法制备了具有磁分离响应的活性碳(AC)与CoFe2O4的复合物AC/CoFe2O4(MAC)。采用批式吸附实验法对MAC吸附溶液中偶氮染料亚甲基蓝(MB)的吸附动力学过程及吸附平衡进行了研究,考察了溶液初始pH值对MAC吸附MB的影响。结果表明,MAC吸附MB的过程很快,20min几乎达到平衡。MAC吸附MB过程可以用准二级动力学方程描述。等温吸附过程服从Langmuir方程,MAC对MB的饱和吸附容量为120.48mg/g。在较低pH值时,MB吸附量较小。随着pH值的升高,MAC对MB的吸附量增大。     

花生壳吸附水中Cr6+的研究

研究了花生壳对Cr6+吸附的动力学特点,探讨了Cr6+,初始浓度、溶液的pH值及温度对Cr6+吸附效果的影响.结果表明,在Cr6+初始浓度＜100mg/L,溶液的pH值≤2.0,温度＜40℃的操作条件下,该方法具有实际应用的可能性.此吸附过程符合Lagergren准二级动力学方程,吸附等温线符合Langmuir和Freundlich模式.     

新型吸附剂偏磷酸铈对铀酰的吸附性能研究

研究新型吸附剂偏磷酸铈对铀酰离子的吸附行为。分别考察了溶液的pH值、温度、接触时间和铀酰离子初始浓度对偏磷酸铈吸附铀酰离子的影响;通过动力学、热力学以及吸附等温线初步研究了吸附机理;最后探究了共存离子和富里酸对吸附的影响。当溶液的pH值为5、温度为30℃、接触时间为60min、铀酰初始浓度为10~(-3)mol/L时为最佳吸附条件,最大吸附量可达到261.78mg/g;动力学研究表明,偏磷酸铈对铀酰离子吸附行为符合准二级动力学方程;Langmuir吸附等温线模型可以更准确的描述铀酰离子在偏磷酸铈上的吸附过程,说明此吸附过程为单分子层吸附;热力学研究表明,偏磷酸铈对铀酰离子的吸附属于吸热反应,反应自发进行,高温促进吸附行为。     

壳聚糖插层蒙脱土复合材料吸附酸性染料的动力学和热力学研究

通过离子交换的方法将天然大分子壳聚糖引入蒙脱土的层间,利用XRD和TG对得到的复合材料进行表征。将该复合材料用于酸性黑10B的吸附,考查了pH值、染料起始浓度、吸附时间以及温度对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,吸附动力学实验数据符合准二级动力学模型。应用Langmuir和Freundlich两种模型描述吸附等温线,结果显示Langmuir模型的拟合效果更好。计算得到吸附过程的热力学参数△Go、△Ho和△So的值分别为-27.16kJ/mol(20℃)、-14.18kJ/mol和44.0J/mol.K,说明复合材料对酸性染料的吸附是一个自发进行的放热过程。     

巯基化石墨烯对水中Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附性能研究

采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯,在交联剂EDC作用下,巯基乙胺与氧化石墨烯上的羧基进行缩合反应,合成巯基化石墨烯。运用FTIR、SEM及XPS等手段对合成材料进行表征,结果表明,巯基乙胺成功接枝在氧化石墨烯表面。将巯基化石墨烯用于吸附去除水中的Pb(Ⅱ),结果表明,合成的巯基化石墨烯对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附效果好,吸附量高达205.25mg/g。吸附动力学遵循准二级模型,且等温吸附数据可用Langmuir吸附等温线很好地拟合。本文报道的巯基化石墨烯对废水处理和净化有很大的潜在应用。     

明胶改性磁性石墨烯对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

采用化学还原法制备了一种新型的明胶掺杂磁性石墨烯复合材料(gelatinMGO),并进一步研究了pH值、接触时间和温度对该材料吸附亚甲基蓝的影响。亚甲基蓝吸附实验结果表明,gelatin-MGO对亚甲基蓝有较大的吸附能力,最大吸附容量可达210.5mg/g,吸附为自发吸热过程,在pH值为6.5时去除率最大,其吸附过程符合拟二级反应动力学方程和Langmuir吸附模型,解吸实验表明,明胶改性石墨烯的再生性能优异,重复使用5次去除率仍为85%以上,该材料适合作为吸附剂去除废水中的亚甲基蓝。     

载锆壳聚糖-沸石复合剂去除水中F~-的吸附特征研究

采用氧氯化锆、壳聚糖和人造沸石作为原料制备复合吸附剂,用于水中F-的吸附去除。通过吸附实验研究了在不同浓度、温度和接触时间下新型吸附剂对F~-的吸附特征。吸附动力学过程用准一级、准二级及颗粒扩散、颗粒内扩散模型进行分析,结果发现F-在复合吸附剂上的吸附同时符合准一级动力学和准二级动力学模型;颗粒扩散和颗粒内扩散均参与控制吸附过程。分别用Freundlich、Langmuir方程对吸附等温线进行拟合,结果表明,F-在锆改性壳聚糖-沸石上的吸附等温线拟合结果均较好,常温下最大吸附量为10.75mg/g,推测该吸附为化学吸附;吸附热力学参数说明F-在复合吸附剂上的吸附为自发、吸热、熵增过程。机理研究表明,载锆壳聚糖-沸石复合吸附剂的除氟机制为吸附和离子交换。     

D301R树脂对Keggin型铁取代杂多阴离子的吸附性能研究

详细研究了D301R弱碱性阴离子交换树脂对Keggin型铁取代杂多阴离子PW11O39Fe(III)(H2O)4－ (PW11Fe)的吸附作用, 考察了不同pH和温度对吸附量和吸附速率的影响, 测定了不同温度下吸附的动力学曲线和吸附等温线, 提出吸附动力学模型和计算了吸附的热力学函数, 结果表明, 在pH 2～8的范围内, PW11Fe的吸附量随溶液pH值的升高而增加, 随溶液温度的升高而降低; 吸附动力学符合表面过程控制的准二级反应模型, 其速率常数k2在298 K时为 9.33×10－4 g•mg－1•min－1, 并随温度的升高而减小. 吸附等温线符合Freundlich吸附模型, 吸附热约为40 kJ•mol－1, 因此, 吸附为物理吸附.     

Selective organic functionalization of graphene bulk or graphene edges

Graphene sheets have been functionalized with a PAMAM dendron, finding that graphene can be efficiently functionalized all over the surface, or only at the edges, depending on the reactions used in the functionalization process.     

氧化石墨烯和石墨烯在催化领域中的应用研究进展

石墨烯具有独特的二维平面结构,其导电性能好,比表面积大,耐酸碱,耐高温.基于石墨烯的优异特性,本文作者从材料的合成和结构等方面对石墨烯基催化剂的研制及其催化性能进行了评述.介绍了石墨烯催化体系的类型和机理,对石墨烯催化中存在的问题进行了简单分析,并对石墨烯在催化领域的应用前景进行了展望.     

Thermal stability of graphene edge structure and graphene nanoflakes

One of the most exciting recent developments in nanoscience was the discovery of graphene (single sheets of carbon atoms, a two-dimensional "(2D) crystal") and the subsequent discovery of the fascinating properties of this new material, e.g., electrons behaving as massless relativistic particles and an anomalous quantum Hall effect [A. K. Geim and K. S. Novoselov, Nat. Mater. 6, 183 (2007)]. It is also surprising that large sheets of graphene exist as it was widely believed that 2D crystals are unstable. Furthermore, because of the stability of folded graphene sheets, i.e., carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a fascinating question is why does not graphene spontaneously transform into CNTs? In this paper, we explore the thermal stability of small pieces of graphene, i.e., graphene nanoflakes by ab initio quantum mechanical techniques. We find that indeed nanoflakes are stable to being heated and do not under any conditions used here transform to CNTs. They do not, however, remain strictly 2D as at finite temperatures, they undergo extensive vibrational motion and remain buckled if annealed and then quenched to room temperature.     

Features of the reduction of graphene from graphene oxide

Features of the reduction of graphene from graphene oxide in media containing hydrazine hydrate, ethylene glycol, and hydrogen are studied. X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy data indicate that this process proceeds through the high-temperature annealing of graphene oxide in a hydrogen environment.     

Transport properties of armchair graphene nanoribbon junctions between graphene electrodes

The transmission properties of armchair graphene nanoribbon junctions between graphene electrodes are investigated by means of first-principles quantum transport calculations. First the dependence of the transmission function on the size of the nanoribbon has been studied. Two regimes are highlighted: for a small applied bias transport takes place via tunneling and the length of the ribbon is the key parameter that determines the junction conductance; at a higher applied bias resonant transport through the HOMO and LUMO starts to play a more determinant role, and the transport properties depend on the details of the geometry (width and length) of the carbon nanoribbon. In the case of the thinnest ribbon it has been verified that a tilted geometry of the central phenyl ring is the most stable configuration. As a consequence of this rotation the conductance decreases due to the misalignment of the π orbitals between the phenyl ring and the remaining part of the junction. All the computed transmission functions have shown a negligible dependence on different saturations and reconstructions of the edges of the graphene leads, suggesting a general validity of the reported results.     

Two-dimensional graphene nanoribbons

A new synthetic strategy toward novel linear two-dimensional graphene nanoribbons up to 12 nm has been established. The nanoribbons are characterized by MS, UV/vis, and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Various microscopic studies of these novel structures showed a high tendency to self-assemble.     

Capillary zone electrophoresis of graphene oxide and chemically converted graphene

The preparation of processable graphene oxide colloids called chemically converted graphene (CCG) involves the following steps: oxidation of graphite to form graphite oxide; exfoliation of graphite oxide to form graphene oxide (GO); and reduction of GO to form CCG. In this work, the exfoliation and reduction steps were monitored by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). CZE was performed in fused silica capillaries with UV absorbance at 230 nm (GO) and 270 nm (CCG) using 250 μM tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (pH 10.4). The results indicate that almost complete exfoliation of graphite oxide (0.05 wt%) and higher recovery of CCG were obtained by sonication at 50% power for more than 15 h. CZE is considered a valuable tool for the fractionation and analysis of GO nanoparticles and, hence, for the control of different steps in preparation of CCG.