ICA方法与NIR技术用于药片中活性成分含量的测定

用独立分量分析(ICA)方法提取药片近红外光谱数据矩阵的独立成分和相应的混合矩阵, 再用BP神经网络对混合矩阵和药片中活性成分的浓度矩阵进行建模, 提出了新的药片活性成分含量测定的基于独立分量分析-神经网络回归(ICA-NNR)的近红外光谱分析方法. 通过分析独立分量数和网络中间隐层的神经元数对模型性能的影响, 分别建立三类药片定量分析的最优模型. 该方法用于实测的三类药片中活性成分含量的测定, 测试样品集的化学检测值与近红外预测值的相关系数分别达到0.962, 0.980及0.979. 结果表明, 基于ICA-NNR的近红外光谱分析方法对制药业的药片进行定量分析是可行的.     

温控近红外光谱用于葡萄糖的高灵敏检测

温控近红外光谱在混合体系定量分析以及分子间相互作用分析中已得到应用.本工作利用互因子分析方法（MFA）探索了温控近红外光谱技术测定血清样品中低浓度葡萄糖含量的可行性.测量了不同温度下葡萄糖含量分别为1.0～15.0mmol/L和0.0～1.0 mmol/L的两组血清溶液的近红外光谱,并利用MFA进行了定量计算.结果表明,利用该方法可以实现样品中微量葡萄糖的准确定量,MFA提取的标准信号（SS）的相对强度和葡萄糖浓度之间的线性相关系数R分别为0.9923和0.9895,预测均方根误差（RMSEP）分别为0.35和0.07 mmol/L.     

近红外光谱法快速检测烟草中部分香气物的应用研究

应用傅立叶变换近红外漫反射光谱仪,从500个样品中按高、中、低含量挑选出具代表性的150～172个烟草样品建立了近红外光谱与烟草中的苹果酸、柠檬酸和石油醚提取物成分含量间的数学模型,用建立的模型对36个样品进行预测,结果表明,各成分近红外预测值与实测值之间的平均偏差:苹果酸为0.090,柠檬酸为0.040,石油醚提取物为0.124;且近红外预测值与化学法不存在显著性差异,近红外光谱分析技术可初步用于烟草部分香气成分的快速定量分析.     

离子交换法富集、分离和测定污水中微量胺乙基硫代磷酸酯

0,0-二烷基 S-(2-二烷基胺乙基)硫代磷酸酯(DEPT)的分析方法很多。但测定污水(或复杂成分)样品中的微量 DEPT 时,因含量低微,干扰众多,直接测定是困难的。据文献报道,利用离子交换树脂富集和分离水样中微量无机离子或有机离子,主要是利用离子交换特性进行富集和层析分离,不但需要检测手续,而且试样被洗脱液稀释。本文介绍一种利用离子交换树脂的离子交换性,并与以树脂为载体的柱上化学反应相结合的方法,用于富集、分离和测定污水(或复杂成分)样品中的 DEPT,获得良好效果。     

用傅里叶变换近红外光谱和偏最小二乘法测定蔬菜中硝酸盐含量

1　引　　言近红外光谱分析技术 (NIRS)是利用物质在近红外光谱区的光学特性快速测定某种物质中的一种或多种化学成分含量的新技术。它以分析速度快、样品准备简单、从单个光谱可进行多种分析、不破坏样品及没有化学污染等优点 ,已广泛用于众多领域的定量分析及过程控制。被称为是一种绿色、快速、高效、适合在线分析的测试手段。蔬菜是极易富集硝酸盐的作物 ,人体摄入的硝酸盐有 81.2 %来自蔬菜 ,进入人体的硝酸盐可转化为亚硝酸盐 ,使人体缺氧中毒产生高铁血红蛋白症。硝酸盐还是一种潜在的致癌物质 ,因此 ,快速的硝酸盐检测方法对于监…     

短波近红外光谱技术对葡萄酒中总糖含量快速测定的研究

采用短波近红外光谱技术结合偏最小二乘法(PLS),建立了葡萄酒中总糖含量的定量分析数学模型,讨论了光谱预处理方法和主成分数对PLS模型预报精度的影响.应用所建模型对预测集样本中总糖含量进行预报,结果令人满意.该方法方便快捷,并且具有较高的预报精度,可以用于葡萄酒中总糖含量的快速测定.     

近红外光谱法对头孢氨苄粉末药品的非破坏定量分析

采用近红外漫反射光谱法对头孢氨苄粉末药品中主要成分头孢氨苄进行快速、无损定量分析.采用偏最小二乘法建立近红外光谱信息与待测组分含量间的最佳数学校正模型.对3种光谱(SNV光谱、一阶导数、二阶导光谱)的预测结果进行了比较,讨论了光谱的预处理方法和主成分数对偏最小二乘法定量预测能力的影响,并对预测集样品进行预测.     

主成分分析-支持向量回归建模方法及应用研究

将主成分分析(PCA)用于近红外光谱的特征提取,并与支持向量回归(SVR)相结合,实现了主成分分析-支持向量回归(PCA-SVR)用于近红外光谱定量分析的建模方法。与单纯的SVR方法相比,不仅提高了运算速度,而且提高了模型的预测准确度。将PCA-SVR方法用于烟草样品中总糖和总挥发碱含量的测定,所得结果的预测均方根误差分别为1.323和0.0477;回收率分别为91.8%~112.6%和88.9%~120.2%。     

短波近红外光谱法对蛇床子SFE萃取产物的定量分析

利用中药蛇床子CO2超临界萃取(SFE)的萃取物的短波近红外漫反射光谱(800～1100 nm),以HPLC分析值作参比值,采用化学计量学中的偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立短波近红外漫反射光谱与蛇床子SFE萃取物中主要成分蛇床子素和欧前胡素间定量分析数学模型.实现了快速、无损的测定双组分中药的有效成分.讨论了光谱的预处理方法和主成分数对PLS定量预测蛇床子萃取物中蛇床子素和欧前胡素含量能力的影响,并对预测集样品进行预测.     

采用多光程长建模方法检测血液成分含量

为了提高近红外光谱血液成分含量分析模型的预测精度,利用多个光程长(optical path length,OPL)共同参与建模的方法进行血糖等6种血液成分的定量分析。通过微米位移机构实现不同光程长血液光谱的测量,由全自动生化分析仪给出生化成分分析结果,并出具化验单。采用偏最小二乘法(PLS2)进行血液的近红外光谱建模及预测。由于血液光谱存在显著的非线性特征,不同光程长的血液样本的等效吸收系数不同,同一波长不同光程长(0.20~1.25 mm)测得的血液光谱互不相关。主动把非线性特性作为一种测量手段引入,不再利用单个的最佳光程长建模,而是用各个血液组分对应的多个最佳光程长的近红外光谱同时参与建立校正模型,进行血液成分的分析预测。研究结果表明,多光程长建模方法用于血液成分含量分析,可提高血液成分校正模型的预测精度。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.