基于亚光涂料的消光技术研究进展

亚光涂料具有光泽柔和的特点,能够提供舒适温馨的氛围,降低视觉疲劳,在建筑、车饰、医疗、交通等日常生活领域具有广阔的应用空间。目前亚光涂料主要通过加入消光剂和消光树脂来实现消光。本文综述了近年来消光剂和消光树脂在各类亚光涂料中的研究进展,特别介绍了改性二氧化硅消光剂和新型消光树脂在紫外光固化涂料中的进展情况,总结了我国在消光剂和消光树脂研究中的不足之处,指出了目前消光剂和消光树脂在亚光涂料应用中存在的主要问题,并展望了其应用前景和发展趋势。     

沉淀二氧化硅消光剂的制备研究

涂料中的消光剂是一类能够改变涂膜表面光学性能的助剂。这类助剂能够在涂膜表面产生预期微粗糙度,使涂膜的光泽显著降低,给人一种古朴典雅的感觉。近几年来,我国的涂料工业方兴未艾,涂料总产量也跃居世界的前列。在这期间高光泽的亮光涂料以其色泽鲜艳、明亮等优点深受消费者的喜爱,并在相当长的时间内一统着涂料市场[1]。但是,随着人们生活水平的不断提高,一方面消费者感觉到了高光泽的亮光涂料成膜后反光比较严重,对人的眼睛有害;另一方面消费者的审美观念越来越倾向于休闲、时尚和个性化。这些因素就导致了人们对具有柔和外观的低光泽涂…     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定二氧化硅涂料消光剂中10种元素

正消光剂是一种为消除或降低涂料漆膜光泽的助剂,目前涂料中使用的消光剂主要包括有机消光剂和无机消光剂。有机消光剂主要包括蜡和硬脂酸的金属皂,例如:聚乙烯石蜡、氢化蓖麻油蜡状物。无机消光剂主要有超细二氧化硅、滑石粉、高岭土、硅藻土等。二氧化硅是目前涂料中应用最多的无机消光剂[1-3]。随着涂料工业的迅猛发展,为保护人类健康和生态环境,世界主要国家对涂料产品中As、     

水性聚氨酯涂料改性研究进展

随着环保理念的日益增长,水性涂料将逐步取代溶剂型涂料.水性聚氨酯涂料由于其综合性能优越,是水性涂料中发展最快的品种之一,得到了广泛研究.为了进一步提高水性聚氨酯涂料的性能,通常要对聚氨酯树脂进行改性.对近些年常用的改性技术,如有机树脂改性、无机纳米材料改性和植物油改性的原理与方法进行了综述.这些改性技术可以提高水性聚氨酯的耐热性、耐水性、光泽度、物理机械性能、固含量等综合性能.     

水性丙烯酸树脂及涂料的开发

分析了国内外水性树脂及涂料的生产与使用情况,重点介绍水性丙烯酸树脂及涂料的反应原理、生产工艺和设计配方,探讨生产工艺、安全环保及发展趋势,建议开展水性树脂及涂料类产品的工艺技术与应用研究。     

天然生漆/丙烯酸树脂IPN涂料的制备与性能

研究了直接由天然生漆(raw lacquer,RL)和多羟基丙烯酸树脂(multihydroxyl polyacrylate resin,MPAR)制备IPN(interpenetrating polymer network)涂料的方法,以及生漆的预聚合对涂料成膜的作用,并对共混物涂膜的物理机械性能、抗溶剂性能、抗紫外线性能等进行了测试表征。结果表明,天然生漆/丙烯酸树脂互穿网络共混能使RL与MPAR相互交联、缠结,其涂膜兼具有天然生漆和丙烯酸树脂的优良性能。     

蚕丝改性方法概述

天然的蚕丝具有独特的优良性能,但同时也存在性能缺陷,如力学性能（拉伸强度与韧性）差,使用时间短以及色牢度差等。科学家们发展了蚕丝的改性技术,改良蚕丝的性能以达到更好的应用目的。目前常用的蚕丝改性方法主要分为基因改性方法、物理改性法、化学改性法及添食育蚕法等。概述了蚕丝的结构与改性的原理,介绍了4类改性法及其近年来取得的重要进展,总结了目前蚕丝改性研究中的难点,展望了蚕丝改性研究的未来发展方向。     

超支化树脂改性UV固化粉末涂料

本文将超支化树脂(HBP)与UV固化粉末涂料相结合,研究了超支化树脂对该涂料的树脂体系玻璃化温度、流变性能及涂膜各项物理性能的影响.结果表明:添加改性与未改性超支化树脂都能降低树脂体系的玻璃化温度,改性超支化树脂不影响体系的流变性能及涂膜性能,未改性超支化树脂可以降低体系粘度但使涂膜性能变差.     

水性丙烯酸酯聚氨酯涂料的研究

合成了含羟基的丙烯酸酯树脂,并与甲苯二异氰酸酯反应制备预聚体Ⅰ,Ⅰ与扩链剂二羟甲基丙酸反应得到含羧基的预聚体Ⅱ,最后用1,4-丁二醇交联,制得水性丙烯酸酯聚氨酯涂料,讨论了合成过程中影响乳液稳定性和涂膜性能的因素。测试结果表明：涂膜的强度、光泽、硬度等性能均优于传统的同类树脂。     

具有高比表面积的极性吸附树脂的合成和性能研究

本文从树脂物理结构和化学结构着手，通过改变交联度，致孔剂用量，种类以及引入适量功能基因，分别合成了一系列具有高比表面积和极性的大孔吸附树脂，研究了它们对工业废水中β－萘碘酸的吸附－脱附性能．     

Advances in polymer-based matte coatings: A review

In modern society, polymer-based matte coatings have gained widespread attention for its low gloss and exquisite texture characteristics, which are capable of providing soft-light environmental atmosphere and pleasant tactile feeling. This paper reports the definition of gloss, the measuring method, and classification of gloss, the mechanism, and method of extinction, as well as the factors that affect the gloss of films. The most significant work of this paper focuses on the research advancements in synthesis methods and matting mechanisms of ultraviolet light-curing matte coatings, powder matte coatings and water-based matte coatings. In general, compared with traditional polymer-based matte coatings, a new-developed chemical matte coating can avoid film defects caused by the addition of matting agents. Meanwhile, it can lower the raw material costs and streamline the production procedures, which are supposed to be the future development trend of matting resin industry.     

Application of micellar electrokinetic chromatography to pharmaceutical analysis

Electrokinetic chromatography is a new type of analytical separation method which belongs to the group of high performance capillary electrophoretic techniques but whose separation principle is based on that of chromatography. The solute distributes itself between a carrier and the surrounding medium. The carrier, which corresponds to the stationary phase in conventional chromatography, can be transported by electrophoresis with a different velocity from the surrounding medium. The separation is achieved by the differential solute distribution and the differential migration of the carrier. The charged molecules or charged molecular aggregates are employed as the carrier. Various kinds of carriers are available for electrokinetic chromatography along with different partition mechanisms. Among them, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, which employs an ionic micelle as a carrier, has become the most popular method because of its unique and attractive characteristics as well as the separating capability of electrically neutral or nonionic solutes in comparison with capillary zone electrophoresis. The present paper describes the principle, separation characteristics and its application to the analysis of pharmaceuticals.     

Analytical separations of lanthanides and actinides by capillary electrophoresis

The separation of lanthanide and actinide elements belongs to one of the most challenging tasks of the separation science, due to a great similarity in their physical and chemical properties. The electrophoretic separation can be accomplished in the presence of suitable complex-forming agents, from which alpha-hydroxyisobutyric acid (HIBA) has been used most often. In the most effective capillary electrophoretic mode--capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE)--a complete separation of lanthanide ions can be accomplished within a few minutes. Various electrophoretic methods can be relatively easily adopted for the determinations of individual lanthanide elements in certain kinds of technical materials, concentrates, precursors, etc., where the high speed and low costs of analysis characteristics of capillary electrophoresis (CE) may be advantageously exploited. Electrophoretic techniques may also be employed for speciation studies, especially for examinations of the behavior of actinides in the environment.     

High speed electrophoresis simulation for optimization of continuous flow electrophoresis and high performance capillary techniques: Part I. Computer model.

A computer program for high-speed simulation and optimization of electrophoretic processes has been developed for carrier-free systems of all kinds. The calculations are based on the one-dimensional dynamic (transient-state) model. The three-dimensional geometry of the simulation space can be chosen deliberately. With a highly efficient transport algorithm instead of complicated integration schemes for the transport equations, the calculation time can be effectively spent on various important parameters such as ionic strength, temperature, Joule heat, activity coefficients and concentration changes due to membranes. The parameter set of any carrier free electrophoretic method (i.e., continuous-flow electrophoresis, capillary isotachophoresis and high performance capillary zone electrophoresis) can be imported directly into the computer program by means of a graphic user interface. The program performs overnight-simulation of any electrophoretic system containing up to 15 components.     

Multiple voltage-gradient gel electrophoresis system

A new device, based on the principle of voltage-gradient gel electrophoresis, was developed in order to enhance differentiation of the distance across the range of molecular masses in the electrophoretic fractionation of nucleic acids in an agarose matrix. The apparatus has a series of modular parallel plates, placed slantwise to allow reiteration of the voltage gradient effect along the gel. This subjects DNA fragments of variable length to differential runnings according to their original position in the gel. Both the number of slantwise plates and the distance between them can be changed to modify operating performance. Our system allows better fractionations as compared to conventional electrophoresis, since it forms gel areas in which distancing between the ranges of molecular masses is enhanced.     

Coating of powder-blasted channels for high-performance microchip electrophoresis

Channels in microfluidic glass chips manufactured with the alternative powder blasting technology were permanently coated with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in order to improve the performance in microchip electrophoresis. The performance of coated and uncoated powder-blasted (pb) devices as well as coated and uncoated wet chemical etched (wc) chips was compared in electrophoretic separations of fluorescently labeled test compounds. The limited electrophoretic resolution obtained in pb-chips could significantly be improved by coating the channels with PVA. The resolution of test compounds in such coated pb-devices was even higher than in uncoated wc-chips. PVA-coated pb-chips could also successfully be applied in chiral separations. While in an uncoated pb-chip using a cyclodextrins buffer only one broad signal was obtained, two well-resolved signals were obtained in a coated device.     

Characterization of Plukenetia volubilis L. fatty acid-based alkyd resins

Fatty acid-based alkyd resins prepared with different amounts of glycerol and pentaerythritol were characterized. Sacha inchi oil and linseed oil (comparative purposes) were used as fatty acids’ sources. FT-IR and ¹H NMR spectroscopy were done for alkyd structural verification. Alkyd resins were evaluated through physico-chemical (colour, density, viscosity) and thermal characterization. Film coating performance (drying, hardness, chemical resistance) was also studied. The oxidative crosslinking time tendency was corroborated by the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique. Alkyd resins obtained with fatty acids from sacha inchi and linseed oils had similar properties. Results indicated that lighter resins can be obtained from sacha inchi oil, whereas pentaerythritol increases viscosity and thermal stability, and retards drying time of fatty-acid based alkyd resins.     

聚丙烯酰胺双向凝胶电泳法分析变色人发角蛋白组成

报道了一种用双向聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析经Ｓ－羧甲基化修饰的变色人发角蛋白样品的方法，以含８ｍｏ１／Ｌ脲变性凝胶电泳做第一向，ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ做第二向。不同处理的变色人发得到有差别的双向电泳图谱，即不同处理方法得到的人发蛋白质组成有差异。以此可做为人发变色处理的一个定性方法。     

Analysis of the conformational transitions of proteins by temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis.

Temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) is a technique for studying the structural transitions of nucleic acids and proteins. A temperature gradient is formed in a horizontal slab gel perpendicular to the direction of the electric field. Whereas the principle of the TGGE method has previously been applied to proteins, we describe in this report the systematic optimization of TGGE as a routine technique for the quantitative analysis of conformational transitions in proteins. Using alpha-amylase as an example we show the kinds of results which may be obtained from such measurements. Buffers suitable for use in gel electrophoresis were analyzed with respect to the dependence of their pH value upon temperature. The correct pH range for TGGE of a given protein is determined by electrophoretic titration curves. The protein bands are detected by silver and/or activity staining. The thermal denaturation of alpha-amylase from Aspergillus oryzae showed a discontinuous transition into the denatured conformation, which exhibited much slower electrophoretic mobility. The discontinuity is due to an irreversible denaturation process under the gel conditions. The transition temperature was measured as a function of several parameters, e.g., the concentration of Ca(+)+, dithiotreithol, urea and the pH value. The structural transition of alpha-amylase is accompanied by a loss of enzymatic activity as determined by activity staining or by an activity assay carried out in solution. The structural transitions of two other alpha-amylases from Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis were also studied. The results show that the TGGE method is simple to perform and allows the analysis of conformational transitions of proteins in a wide variety of conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)