钐试剂在有机合成中的应用

本文综述了钐试剂在有机合成中的应用,包括还原反应,碳-碳键形成反应以及催化作用。     

铜试剂在有机合成中的应用研究进展

铜试剂催化的偶联反应是直接构建碳 碳键最有效的方法之一。本文综述了铜试剂催化的偶联反应构筑六种碳 碳键的方法;重点阐述了铜试剂催化构筑C(SP²)-C(SP²)的研究进展,含分子间偶联和分子内偶联。参考文献44篇。     

格氏试剂参与的铁催化偶联反应中的添加物效应（英文）

铁催化的有机金属亲核试剂与有机卤化物亲电试剂参与的偶联反应是目前形成新的碳碳键的最有效方法之一.综述了最近10年来铁催化的格式试剂参与的偶联反应中有关添加物的相关效应及其影响.     

过渡金属催化不饱和烃与有机金属试剂及CO_2的串联羧化反应研究进展

二氧化碳(CO_2)作为一碳合成子具有储量丰富、无毒无污染、绿色清洁等优点,因此在有机化学领域使用CO_2作为一碳合成子反应一直以来受到广泛的关注.过渡金属催化不饱和烃与CO_2反应合成羧酸是CO_2作为一碳合成子的重要应用之一,这类反应可以通过串联羧化的策略实现,过渡金属催化不饱和烃先与有机金属试剂反应在原位生成新的有机金属试剂,之后再与CO_2完成羧化.常用的有机金属试剂如格氏试剂、有机锌试剂和有机铝试剂均能够完成这类反应.根据不饱和烃的类别,并根据羧化反应的类型介绍过渡金属催化不饱和烃与有机金属试剂及CO_2的串联羧化反应.     

金催化剂在联烯亲核加成反应中的应用

金催化联烯亲核加成反应是形成碳碳、碳氮、碳氧以及碳硫键的重要方法.综述了近年来金催化含碳、含氮、含氧以及含硫亲核试剂与联烯的亲核加成反应以及在不对称杂环化合物合成中的应用,并对各种反应历程的特点及其影响因素进行了讨论.     

氮杂环卡宾催化合成氰基化合物的研究进展

氰基化合物不仅广泛存在于医药和农药分子中,还是一类重要的中间体.传统合成氰基化合物的方法是使用氰化钠、氰化钾和氢氰酸等最简单的氰化试剂,但这类氰化试剂的剧毒性和不稳定性限制了其在合成中的应用.因此发展有机氰化试剂和无氰源试剂构建氰基化合物的策略备受关注.氮杂环卡宾是一类高效的有机小分子催化剂,可用于实现多种碳-碳(C—C)和碳-杂(C—X)键的形成.综述了氮杂环卡宾催化有机氰化试剂和无氰源试剂构建氰基化合物的反应,目的是引起更多的化学工作者关注该领域的发展,并提供氮杂环卡宾催化活化模式的新思路.     

α,β-不饱和羰基化合物的选择还原研究进展

综述了近年来α,β-不饱和羰基化合物α,β-碳碳双键和碳氧双键的选择还原研究进展,讨论了过渡金属催化还原、氢化试剂还原、连二亚硫酸钠还原以及生物还原。     

钯催化下芳基磺酸酯和芳基硅烷的Hiyama交叉偶联反应

钯催化下有机硅试剂和有机亲电试剂的Hiyama偶联反应是形成碳-碳键的重要方法之一．相较于有机锌、锡试剂和格氏试剂,有机硅试剂易于操作,对空气和水也较稳定,且毒性很低．另一方面,芳基磺酸酯作为交叉偶联反应中的亲电试剂正在受到很大关注．作为酚的衍生物,此类化合物廉价易得,性质稳定且易于操作．     

钯催化的烯丙位C—H键官能团化:新催化体系的发展

烯丙位碳氢键活化官能化反应是构建碳碳键、碳杂原子键最直接的方法,也是最近有机化学研究的热点之一.从烯丙基底物类型和亲核试剂类型的角度出发,总结了最近几年来钯催化的烯丙位碳氢键活化官能团化反应及其在不对称合成中应用的最新研究进展.同时分析了各种新的钯催化体系在底物兼容性和亲核试剂范围上的优势和不足,并对今后烯丙位碳氢键活化的发展进行了展望.     

亲核试剂在正离子聚合反应中的作用及其作用机理的研究

研究了亲核试剂对IB 1 ,3 二 (2 氯异丙基 )苯 (DiCumCl) TiCl4体系正离子聚合反应的规律 ,亲核试剂与增长的碳正离子作用的紫外光谱图 ;采用分子模拟 ,利用量子力学半经验方法计算了亲核试剂与质子反应的活化能 ,确定了不同亲核试剂与质子的作用能力 ;利用分子力学方法计算了在增长碳正离子末端的不同位置亲核试剂与之络合的稳定化能 ,根据能量最低原则确定了亲核试剂在碳正离子链端的作用位置 ;利用分子力学方法进行构象优化后 ,借助QEq方法得到了聚异丁烯碳正离子和聚苯乙烯碳正离子的电荷数值 .综合以上实验结果提出了亲核试剂在正离子聚合反应中的作用及其作用机理     

The Covalent Functionalization of Layered Black Phosphorus by Nucleophilic Reagents

Layered black phosphorus has been attracting great attention due to its interesting material properties which lead to a plethora of proposed applications. Several approaches are demonstrated here for covalent chemical modifications of layered black phosphorus in order to form P−C and P‐O‐C bonds. Nucleophilic reagents are highly effective for chemical modification of black phosphorus. Further derivatization approaches investigated were based on radical reactions. These reagents are not as effective as nucleophilic reagents for the surface covalent modification of black phosphorus. The influence of covalent modification on the electronic structure of black phosphorus was investigated using ab initio calculations. Covalent modification exerts a strong effect on the electronic structure including the change of band‐gap width and spin polarization.     

Reagents with a Crystalline Coat

Tetrakis(dimethoxyphenyl)adamantane (TDA) readily forms crystalline inclusion complexes with reactive, toxic, or malodorous reagents, such as benzoyl chloride, acetyl chloride, cyclohexyl isocyanide, phosphorus trichloride, and trimethylsilyl chloride. The crystals are stable and largely free of the problematic properties of the free reagents. When exposed to solvents such as DMSO or MeOH, the reagents react, and a large portion of the TDA precipitates. The TDA‐coated reagents may lead to a safer way of storing, handling, and delivering reagents, and ultimately to synthetic protocols that do not require fume hoods.     

Spectral interferences from phosphate matrices in the determination of arsenic, antimony, selenium and tellurium by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

The spectral interferences of phosphorus species originating from the thermal decomposition of calcium phosphate on Sb, As, Se and Te resonance lines, and the influence of increasing amounts of Ce, Ni, W, Pd, Pt, Zr and other elements on non-correctable signals generated by calcium phosphate and on selenium and phosphorus sensitivity have been studied. The results indicate that spectral interference is caused by P₂ absorption and that the extent of interference depends on the wavelength and the spectral band width. The generation of P₂ is masked by large amounts of all the tested reagents. There is a significant reduction in selenium sensitivity in the presence of high concentrations of Ce, Pd and Pt while no decrease in sensitivity is caused by the presence of even 1% nickel and tungsten solutions. All the reagents tested provided enhanced phosphorus sensitivity, thorium being the best.     

Synthesis of Some Novel Thiadiazaphosphole,Oxazaphospholothiadiazaphosphole, Thiadiazaphosphinine,and Phosphonates Containing a 1,2,4‐Triazine Moiety

Synthesis of some novel organophosphorus compounds bearing 1,2,4‐triazinone moiety was achieved. The methodology depended on simple reactions between 4‐amino‐6‐methyl‐3‐sulfanyl‐1,2,4‐triazin‐5(4H)‐one ( 1 ) and variable phosphorus reagents such as phosphorus halides and phosphorus sulfides as well as phosphorous acid and its esters. These reactions were performed in proper solvents under mild conditions giving good yields of phosphorylated 1,2,4‐triazinones.     

Cu‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Phosphonates and Phosphine Oxides with Grignard Reagents

An efficient and highly enantioselective copper‐catalyzed allylic alkylation of phosphonates and phosphine oxides with Grignard reagents and Taniaphos or phosphoramidites as chiral ligands is reported. Transformation of these products leads to a variety of new phosphorus‐containing chiral intermediates.     

Green approaches for the synthesis of nucleotides,their conjugates and analogues

Abstract

We have developed original one-pot and protecting group-free approaches, which are also user-friendly and reliable, to synthesize nucleotides and derivatives starting from nucleoside 5’-monophosphates. Both methods present convenient set-up, i.e., non-dry solvents and reagents, substrates in their sodium or acid form, and commercially available and cheap phosphorus reagents as sodium and potassium salts.     

Unexpected P-C Bond Lability of Di-t-Butyl-Bis(Dimethyl Amino)Methylphosphine

Abstract

We found the title compound 1 to contain a very labile P-C bond, which is readily cleaved under the action of protondonating reagents, even as weak as aniline, and other electropnilic reagents as well as under the conditions of sulphuration or imination. This can probably be explained by the presence of bulky substitutes at phosphorus and the ability of bis(dimethylamino)methyl group to form the thermodynamically stable formamidinium cation (1).     

A novel synthetic route to 2-halo-3,4-dicyanopyridines

2-Bromo-3,4-dicyanopyridine 2 was obtained in moderate yield by reacting 1,1,2,2-tetracyano-3-trimethylsiloxycyclobutane 1 with phosphorus tribromide. Similarly, reaction of 1 with chlorinating reagents such as thionyl chloride and oxalyl chloride led to the corresponding 2-chloro-3,4-dicyanopyridine 3 in 40% yield. A reaction mechanism is suggested.     

New Phosphorus‐Containing Quinone Derivatives II: Tri‐ and Tetraphosphorylated Quinone Derivatives

A new synthetic approach to aromatic diols substituted with two, three, and four (similar or different) phosphorus groups via the Michael‐type addition of the P H bond containing reagents to p‑benzoquinone derivatives, reoxidation, and subsequent addition of another phosphorus unit is presented. A variety of new phosphorus‐containing p‑hydroquinone derivatives were synthesized and fully characterized.     

Synthesis of Heterocycles Based on α,β-Unsaturated P(III) Derivatives

Abstract

A general method of phosphorus heterocycle synthesis has been developed. It is based on the interaction between α,β-ethylene, acetylene P(III) derivatives and reagents, which contain electrophilic and nucleophilic centres in α,β- and α,β-positions, e.g. compounds with activated multiple bonds; β-halogenalcanols and thiols; nitrilimines, nitrilylides as 1,3-dipoles. This process is an unsynchron-ic ionic cycloaddition which begins with the attack of a phosphorus atom to the electrophilic centre of a reagent.