稀土对人正常肝细胞株7701和人宫颈癌Hela细胞生长的影响及其诱导细胞凋亡的作用

采用MTT法考察了16种稀土元素在9×10-8~2×10-4mol.L-1浓度范围内对体外培养的人正常肝细胞株7701细胞和宫颈癌Hela细胞的生长的影响。结果表明,稀土对细胞生长的影响存在浓度依赖性;低浓度促进细胞增殖,高浓度抑制细胞生长;不同稀土离子对细胞作用强弱不同,稀土间存在轻重分组效应;不同细胞对稀土的响应不同,表现出稀土对正常细胞和癌细胞作用的某种选择性。Hoechst 33258标记细胞DNA,用激光共聚焦显微镜和流式细胞仪对稀土处理的肝细胞株7701进行形态学观察和DNA含量分析。结果表明,较高浓度的稀土作用后的肝细胞株7701出现了明显的凋亡特征,稀土表现出的细胞毒性作用,其本质是诱导细胞发生凋亡。     

酿酒酵母凋亡细胞的毛细管电泳行为研究

用醋酸诱导酿酒酵母(saccharomyces cerevisiae)作为细胞凋亡过程,用扫描电镜和流式细胞术两种检测技术确证其细胞凋亡特征：用800mmol／L乙酸诱导21h后的细胞在电镜图上出现明显表面皱缩、细胞壁内陷;流式细胞图上出现典型凋亡峰——亚二倍体峰。详细探讨其高效毛细管电泳的行为,发现凋亡细胞在300nm处的强吸收峰消失;凋亡细胞核在220nm处,12～18min之间出现了一个新的分离峰。研究表明,毛细管电泳非常适于对细胞凋亡过程进行动态特征监测。     

海洋珍珠生物提取液对人宫颈癌Siha细胞增殖与凋亡作用的影响

为探讨海洋珍珠生物提取液对宫颈癌Siha细胞株增殖和凋亡的影响,采用MTT法检测了细胞增殖情况,在流式细胞仪用Annexin V和PI双染检测了细胞的凋亡率,PI单染法测定了细胞周期,Hoechst 33258/PI荧光染色法观测了Siha细胞的形态学改变,RT-PCR法测定了宫颈癌Siha细胞株内Bcl-2,Bax基因表达。结果表明,海洋珍珠生物提取液在一定质量浓度范围内,以浓度依赖性的方式抑制宫颈癌Siha细胞的生长(P0.05);以0,6,30和60μg/mL海洋珍珠生物提取液处理细胞24 h,Siha细胞早期凋亡率分别为5%,7.1%,32.25%和31.95%,晚期凋亡比例为0.45%,2.85%,8.55%和23.2%;荧光显微镜下细胞呈现典型的凋亡性改变;RT-PCR显示海洋珍珠生物提取液处理后宫颈癌Siha细胞内的Bcl-2 mRNA表达降低,Bax mRNA表达升高。提示海洋珍珠生物提取液以浓度依赖性的方式抑制宫颈癌Siha细胞增殖,并通过降低Bcl-2 mRNA,升高Bax mRNA来诱导细胞凋亡。     

姜黄素及其类似物诱导人早幼粒白血病(HL-60)细胞调亡

姜黄素(Curcumin,Cur)是烹饪调味品姜黄中的一种黄色色素,具有抗癌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种药理作用[1～3].为了研究它的抗肿瘤构效关系,我们合成了一系列姜黄素类似物(结构见Scheme 1),研究了它们诱导HL-60细胞凋亡的活性及构效关系.采用MTT法测定细胞存活率,通过细胞形态学、DNA电泳梯形条带、流式细胞仪来观察及检测细胞的凋亡.结果发现姜黄素及其类似物作用48 h后能抑制HL-60细胞增值,诱导HL-60细胞凋亡.其中Cur,DMCur,MCur,DiMCur和DiACCur的作用较强.     

用毛细管电泳研究酿酒酵母细胞凋亡过程

用乙酸和葡萄糖作为诱导试剂，研究酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）凋亡细胞的毛细管电泳特征及凋亡细胞DNA的荧光光谱特征。发现不同的诱导条件，凋亡细胞的形态、DNA片段化特征不同。荧光光谱证实：乙酸能与脱氧核糖核酸链上的特异位点相结合，形成一种新的加合物，从而断裂DNA；而葡萄糖诱导产生的凋亡过程是一种新陈代谢失调促凋过程，发现两者启动细胞凋亡程序的因素不同。     

紫杉醇诱导的乳腺癌MCF-7细胞核凋亡的光电化学表征

利用光电分析法研究了紫杉醇诱导的非细包体系中ＭＣＦ－７细胞核的凋亡。在ＭＣＦ－７细胞核凋亡过程中,光电流的降低与ＤＮＡ断裂和细胞核形态学的变化结果相一致与传统的琼脂糖凝胶电泳法和荧光显微镜观察法相比,光电分析法能快速灵敏地在早期检测到细胞核调亡的动力学信息,并适时追踪细胞核凋亡的整个过程。     

视网膜C型水平细胞的计算机辅助定量形态研究

本文应用计算机辅助三维重构技术,对鲫鱼视网膜中用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)作胞内染色的双相性C型水平细胞的形态学特征进行了定量的研究。测定了表征细胞形态学特性的若干参数,并在不同的亚型之间作了比较。结果表明,胞体面积和细胞的水平扩展度是两个特征参数,可以把不同亚型的C型水平细胞清楚地加以区分。     

三氮杂大环及其衍生物的合成与其生物活性

合成了一种新的1,4,7-三氮杂十环配体及其4种衍生物,通过元素分析,IR,1HNMR和MS光谱对其结构进行了表怔。用人癌细胞Hela 和 HCT26对合成的目标化合物进行了生物活性研究,结果表明,所合成的化合物都有一定的抗肿瘤活性,并呈剂量效应关系,其中化合物4作用后的HCT26细胞呈现变性坏死的形态学改变,可明显诱导HCT26肿瘤细胞凋亡。     

共固定化TNF-α/IFN-γ对宫颈癌HeLa细胞的长效抑制作用

利用光化学固定方法,将TNF-α/IFN-γ共同固定在组织培养聚苯乙烯培养孔内,选择最佳固定细胞因子剂量20ng/well,对HeLa细胞行长效性实验研究.培养时间为1d、2d、3d、4d、5d和6d.同时设游离TNF-α+IFN-γ与纯无血清培养对照组.计算TNF-α/IFN-γ共固定药物对HeLa细胞抑制率.并采用荧光显微镜及流式细胞仪行Hoechst 33258染色定性分析和磷脂酰丝氨酸外翻定量分析细胞凋亡.结果表明低剂量20ng/well的共固定细胞因子对HeLa细胞的生长抑制具有时间效应,作用第5d抑制率达到92%,游离细胞因子作用第3d达到最大抑制率76%,第6d抑制率减少到41%.Hoechst 33258细胞形态学研究显示,药物作用6d时,20ng/well共固定细胞因子诱导的凋亡效果比游离细胞因子的更为显著.流式细胞仪磷脂酰丝氨酸外翻定量分析表明作用第6d,20ng/well共固定药物诱导宫颈癌细胞早中期凋亡的比率比同样浓度游离药物凋亡率高14.8%.经光化学固定后低剂量细胞因子TNF-α/IFN-γ具有抑制HeLa细胞生长与诱导HeLa细胞凋亡的活性,并且共固定化细胞因子的抑癌活性和药效持续性比游离细胞因子显著.     

多发性骨髓瘤的骨髓形态学分析与临床应用

目的研究多发性骨髓瘤的骨髓形态学特征,探讨骨髓形态学在多发性骨髓瘤诊断中的临床应用价值。方法对广东医学院附属医院63例多发性骨髓瘤病人进行骨髓涂片及细胞染色和进行检验诊断分析。结果 94%的患者骨髓增生度都达到增生活跃以上,只有6%的是增生低下或极度低下,瘤细胞数量﹥15%,根据形态可分为四类;病人骨髓其他系包括巨核系、粒系、红系和淋巴系细胞都不同程度减少和受抑制。结论骨髓形态学分析是多发性骨髓瘤诊断和治疗疗效监测具有重要的临床应用价值,具有广泛开展的必要性和意义。     

Apoptosis Evaluation by Electrochemical Techniques

Apoptosis has close relevance to pathology, pharmacology, and toxicology. Accurate and convenient detection of apoptosis would be beneficial for biological study, clinical diagnosis, and drug development. Based on distinct features of apoptotic cells, a diversity of analytical techniques have been exploited for sensitive analysis of apoptosis, such as surface plasmon resonance, electrochemical methods, flow cytometry, and some imaging assays. Among them, the features of simplicity, easy operation, low cost, and high sensitivity make electrochemical techniques powerful tools to investigate electron‐transfer processes of in vitro biological systems. In this contribution, a general overview of current knowledge on various technical approaches for apoptosis evaluation is provided. Furthermore, recently developed electrochemical biosensors for detecting apoptotic cells and their advantages over traditional methods are summarized. One of the main considerations focuses on designing the recognition elements based on various biochemical events during apoptosis.     

Chemical Imaging for PAH Analysis in Particulate Materials

Abstract

Chemical imaging is a new analytical science, related to a combination of spatial and chemical resolutions. Several new chemical imaging tools have been developed and applied to environmental analysis. The advantages of such methods, which provide simultaneous morphological/geometrical and chemical speciation, are pointed out and exemplified in several environmental analytical applications. These include fast analysis of PAH contaminated aerosols at low concentrations, analysis of contaminated quartz sand particles, as well as improvement of laser induced fluorescence detection of PAH compounds in natural water, in the presence of various microparticles. It is shown that chemical imaging has a considerable potential in environmental applications and can provide detailed and unique information when particulate materials are concerned.     

ICP-AES versus (LA-)IPC-MS: Competition or a happy marriage? – A view supported by current data

An assessment of the practical implementation of several spectroscopic analysis methods in the analytical service department of the reserach laboratory of a large electronic industry is provided. The emphasis is on inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The evolution of these methods in the department in recent years and their present position in the light of the analysis requests is introductory discussed. A “preview” assessment of the methods in terms of their strong and weak points then forms the basis for a subsequent discussion in which representative examples are used to illustrate in detail why in a particular situation a particular method is applied as the preferred one. It is concluded that ICP-AES is the most rugged and flexible, and therefore the most often applied method, while ICP-MS is uniquely suitable for ultra-trace and survey analysis of solutions and LA-ICP-MS is uniquely suitable for direct solids and local analysis. The ultimate conclusion is that neither of the three methods alone can answer all the analytical questions: they supplement and complement each other, and may even require supplementation by classical analytical methods.     

Selection of high-performance liquid chromatographic methods in pharmaceutical analysis. IV. Selection of most applicable separation system

Different analytical tasks in the pharmaceutical analysis can be classified according to the separation problems into three main groups: trace analysis, assay methods and separation of closely related compounds including isomers. The most important requirements of high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods with respect of the separation problems are summarized. Considerations and recommendations for the selection of the most applicable HPLC system to solve particular analytical problems are discussed. HPLC methods can be compared on the basis of the system resolution (SR) and system selectivity (SS). Criteria developed for the characterization of HPLC methods considering the difficulties created by the different analytical problems are established. The principles of the selection of the most applicable separation systems are demonstrated through some practical examples in pharmaceutical analysis.     

High performance analytical characterization of refractory metals

It is first shown what effects trace impurities generally exert on metal properties and why trace analysis is essential to modern applications of refractory metals in today's high technology. The effect of trace impurities in metals on complex systems like microelectronic components is also discussed.It is then shown, what principal analytical requirements are mandatory for trace characterization of refractory metals at levels of rising purity (4 N to 6 N). A survey of analytical methods for trace and ultratrace characterization of refractory metals is given including the following methods: flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, ICP and DCP-atomic emission spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, activation analysis, mass spectrometric methods, especially SIMS and GDMS.     

Filming a live cell by scanning electrochemical microscopy: label-free imaging of the dynamic morphology in real time

ABSTRACT: The morphology of a live cell reflects the organization of the cytoskeleton and the healthy status of the cell. We established a label-free platform for monitoring the changing morphology of live cells in real time based on scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The dynamic morphology of a live human bladder cancer cell (T24) was revealed by time-lapse SECM with dissolved oxygen in the medium solution as the redox mediator. Detailed local movements of cell membrane were presented by time-lapse cross section lines extracted from time-lapse SECM. Vivid dynamic morphology is presented by a movie made of time-lapse SECM images. The morphological change of the T24 cell by non-physiological temperature is in consistence with the morphological feature of early apoptosis. To obtain dynamic cellular morphology with other methods is difficult. The non-invasive nature of SECM combined with high resolution realized filming the movements of live cells.     

Novel analytical methods for characterising binding media and protective coatings in artworks

Since the first reported analytical studies and technical examinations of art and archaeological objects conducted in the late 18th century, analytical techniques and methods applied to the study of artworks have constantly grown. Among the materials composing the art object, organic compounds used as binding media or protective coatings have attracted the attention of the conservation profession given their noticeable ability for undergoing morphological and chemical changes on ageing. Thus, the aim of this paper is to review the most recent advances in the identification and determination of organic compounds present in art and art conservation materials. Immunofluorescence techniques have been proposed in recent decades as an alternative to the classical and simpler microchemical tests. Besides, a variety of instrumental techniques have also been improved in an attempt to enhance the sensitivity, repeatability and accuracy of the analytical results. Spectroscopic techniques, such as UV-vis, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, have been coupled with light microscopes for these purposes. Synchrotron radiation FTIR microspectroscopy has also been successfully applied to the analysis of artworks. Mass spectrometry has also been increasingly used as a detector system coupled with a chromatographic device. Chromatographic methods have also improved in recent years. Paper and thin layer chromatographic techniques have been progressively replaced with gas chromatography (GC), pyrolysis-GC, high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. More complex proteomics hyphenated techniques, such as nano-liquid chromatography-nano-electrospray ionisation/collision quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry, have been recently applied to the identification and determination of proteinaceous binders. Microbeam analytical techniques have also been incorporated into the list of advanced instrumental techniques for art conservation purposes. Finally, a number of new instrumental techniques have been proposed as a suitable alternative to the conventional microscopy techniques for morphological studies.     

Physical Methods for the Microanalysis of Solids—General Significance,Recent Developments,and Limitations

The characterization of solid systems by physical methods (“physical analysis”) is one of the most important future-orientated areas of analytical chemistry. Important developments are the increase of the informational content of analytical signals by application of mathematical methods, the investigation of extremely small amounts (microanalysis), as well as concentrations (trace analysis). New developments in analytical methodology and strategy in micro and surface analysis permit, for example, the direct identification of compounds in individual phases in the solid state, the quantitative elemental analysis of aerosol particles in the submicrometer region (identification of asbestos fibers), and highly sensitive distribution analysis of trace elements in semiconductors. Important technological-scientific problems can be explained in this way.     

Multivariate data analysis of quality parameters in drinking water

The quality of water destined for human consumption has been treated as a multivariate property. Since most of the quality parameters are obtained by applying analytical methods, the routine analytical laboratory (responsible for the accuracy of analytical data) has been treated as a process system for water quality estimation. Multivariate tools, based on principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) regression, are used in the present paper to: (i) study the main factors of the latent data structure and (ii) characterize the water samples and the analytical methods in terms of multivariate quality control (MQC). Such tools could warn of both possible health risks related to anomalous sample composition and failures in the analytical methods.     

Photoelectric measurements of self-assembled and supported planar lipid bilayers: a new technique for studying apoptosis

A new method based on photoelectrochemistry for analyzing apoptosis of bilayer lipid membranes (s-BLMs) containing MCF-7 nuclei is reported. The s-BLM cell responded to white light (200–800 nm). During the apoptosis induced by Taxol, the photoelectric current of the cell decreased, suggesting degradation of the nuclear DNA. Electron transfer along the DNA double helix and along the nuclear skeleton is assumed in the interpretation. This novel photoelectric analytical method may provide a rapid and sensitive technique to evaluate apoptosis.