微量量热法研究增溶性辅料吐温80对红细胞生理活性的影响

建立灵敏、专属性较好地表征增溶性辅料吐温80对红细胞生理活性影响的评价方法.采用微量量热法以生命体能量代谢特征参数衰亡速率常数(k)、最大热功率(Pmax)、总发热量(Q)、衰亡时间(t)为评价指标,考察增溶性辅料吐温80作用下红细胞的能量动态变化过程.结果表明,随着吐温80浓度(C)的增大,红细胞生长代谢特征参数总发热量(Q)降低、最大热功率(Pmax)增强、衰亡时间(t)减小、衰亡速率常数(k)减小,Q,k与ln C间量效关系良好(相关系数r>0.95);不同厂家吐温80作用于红细胞的总发热量(Q)存在显著性差异(P<0.05).与肉眼观察法、分光光度法、细胞计数等常规方法比较,微量量热法较能实时在线、全息地监测增溶性辅料对红细胞生理活性的动态过程,尤其是对亚致死效应细胞测定的分辨能力.该法可用于增溶性辅料吐温80质量标准的生物测定,亦为红细胞能量代谢等相关研究提供了实验参考.     

应用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器-蒸发光散射检测器联用技术同时测定清开灵注射液中的五类有效成分

建立了复方清开灵注射液中5类主要有效成分的定量测定方法。应用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器-蒸发光散射检测器联用技术(HPLC-DAD-ELSD),根据各类成分紫外吸收光谱的差异,分别在240,254,280和330 nm波长下检测栀子苷、核苷(包括尿苷和腺苷)、黄芩苷和有机酸(包括绿原酸和咖啡酸)等4类成分,同时使用ELSD测定胆酸、熊去氧胆酸和猪去氧胆酸等3种甾体化合物,从而实现了清开灵注射液中5类有效成分(共9个化合物)的同时分离和定量测定。用该法测定了3个不同厂家的19批清开灵注射液成品。该法快速、准确,操作相对简单,为中药复方复杂体系的多组分定量测定和质量控制提供了一种可靠、合理且简便、易行的方法模式。     

微量量热法研究増溶性辅料吐温80对红细胞生理活性的影响

建立灵敏、专属性较好地表征増溶性辅料吐温80对红细胞生理活性影响的评价方法.采用微量量热法以生命体能量代谢特征参数衰亡速率常数(k)、最大热功率(Pmax)、总发热量(Q)、衰亡时间(t)为评价指标,考察增溶性辅料吐温80作用下红细胞的能量动态变化过程.结果表明,随着吐温80浓度(C)的增大,红细胞生长代谢特征参数总发热量(Q)降低、最大热功率(Pmax)增强、衰亡时间(t)减小、衰亡速率常数(k)减小,Q,k与lnC间量效关系良好(相关系数r0.95);不同厂家吐温80作用于红细胞的总发热量(Q)存在显著性差异(P0.05).与肉眼观察法、分光光度法、细胞计数等常规方法比较,微量量热法较能实时在线、全息地监测增溶性辅料对红细胞生理活性的动态过程,尤其是对亚致死效应细胞测定的分辨能力.该法可用于增溶性辅料吐温80质量标准的生物测定,亦为红细胞能量代谢等相关研究提供了实验参考.     

PEO-PPO-PEO水溶液体系胶束化及凝胶化行为的耗散粒子动力学模拟

采用耗散粒子动力学(Dissipative particle dynamics, DPD)模拟方法研究了三嵌段共聚物聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯-聚氧乙烯(PEO-PPO-PEO)的胶束化和凝胶化行为. 通过模拟得到了F127(EO₉₉PO₆₅EO₉₉)水溶液的临界胶束浓度和临界凝胶浓度. 结果发现, 在298 K、 质量分数低于40%时, F127水溶液中形成的胶束形状均为球形. 此外,进一步研究了亲水嵌段长度对胶束结构及凝胶形成浓度的影响, 结果发现, 亲水嵌段越短, 越有利于长椭球状胶束的形成, 而临界凝胶浓度随着亲水嵌段PEO长度的增加而降低.     

聚乙二醇-聚乳酸共聚物胶束溶液的冷冻干燥及胶束体外释药动力学研究

合成了一系列亲水、疏水链段质量比例不同的聚乙二醇-聚乳酸(PEG-PLA)嵌段共聚物胶束, 并以两性霉素B为模型药物制备了载药胶束. 为获得稳定性良好的、可长期储存的载药胶束剂型, 对胶束进行了冷冻干燥. 使用不同浓度的糖类(包括甘露糖、海藻糖、葡萄糖)、泊洛沙姆188 (Pluronic F68)、聚乙二醇作为冻干保护剂, 以冻干产品的重分散性、冻干前后胶束的粒径及多分散性为指标评价各种保护剂的保护效果. 结果发现, 当嵌段聚合物中聚乳酸链段的质量百分比小于或等于聚乙二醇时, 糖类、Pluronic F68和PEG均可以起到有效的冻干保护作用; 而对于聚乳酸链段质量比例较大的共聚物胶束, 只有PEG和Pluronic F68能够起到较好的冻干保护作用. 对载药胶束体外释放研究表明, 聚合物胶束的体外释放缓慢, 符合一级动力学特征.     

Gemini型磺基琥珀酸酯钠表面活性剂的结构与性能的关系

以不同的醇为原料,合成了不同的Gemini型磺基琥珀酸酯钠阴离子表面活性剂,对它们的表面化学性能和应用性能进行了测定,并将其性质与其结构的关系进行关联。结果表明:其活性高于相应单基表面活性剂,且联结基、憎水链长度对其活性有影响。联结基长度增加,产物的临界胶束浓度(CMC)降低,对应的表面张力增加,其乳化性、起泡性、稳泡性、渗透力降低,增溶性提高;憎水链长度增加,CMC降低,对应的表面张力先减后增,其乳化性、稳泡性、增溶性提高,起泡性先增后减,渗透力减弱。     

烷基三甲基溴化铵对羧甲基纤维素钠亚浓缠结溶液流变行为的影响

以羧甲基纤维素钠(Na CMC)-烷基三甲基溴化铵(CnTAB)复合体系为研究对象,在Na CMC亚浓缠结溶液中考察了CnTAB烷基尾链长度对CnTAB临界缔合浓度(cac)及溶液流变行为的影响.采用荧光探针法测得cac值,根据吉布斯自由能定量分析了烷基尾链对胶束缔合行为的影响.稳态流变测试结果表明,较高浓度CnTAB对Na CMC亚浓缠结溶液有强烈的增黏作用.显微观察表明,低浓度CnTAB形成孤立胶束(约5nm),而较高浓度CnTAB则形成胶束复合聚集体(约30 nm).扣除胶束电荷中和所致降黏作用后,孤立胶束表现为等效刚性球,Na CMC亚浓缠结溶液的黏度变化符合Einstein方程;相反,胶束在临界浓度以上发生逾渗,形成胶束复合聚集体,进一步形成贯穿于Na CMC分子缠结网路的胶束逾渗网络.首次揭示了复合体系增黏的实质是胶束网络逾渗,而不是由胶束吸附聚电解质链形成物理网络.增黏阶段Na CMC亚浓缠结溶液的黏度变化符合逾渗模型和平均场理论.长程静电相互作用控制胶束缔合与逾渗行为,逾渗临界胶束体积分数随CnTAB尾链长度增加而降低,临界胶束表面间距随CnTAB尾链长度增加而增大.     

中药复方“清开灵”注射液中胆酸类物质的液相色谱/质谱/质谱分析

采有液相色谱／质谱／质谱法,通过保留时间、分子量和二级质谱的信息对复方“清开灵”注射液中的胆酸、去氧胆酸和鹅去氧胆酸进行了定性;建立了内标法对复方中相对含量较大的胆酸的定量分析方法;结果表明胆酸在875ng/L-140μg／L范围内线性良好,线性相关系数R^2=0.9999;RSD=2.4%。该方法样品处理简单,选择性好,灵敏度高。对中药的质量控制具有重要的意义。     

电容法研究卵磷脂/氨基酸/H2O胶束和囊泡体系

运用电容法研究卵磷脂/氨基酸/H2O胶束和囊泡体系结构与性质. 卵磷脂的临界胶束浓度和囊泡生成浓度可由体系电容-卵磷脂浓度关系曲线求得.随着卵磷脂浓度增加, 体系电容增加, 卵磷脂由胶束形成囊泡. 随着氨基酸浓度增加, 胶束、囊泡半径增大, 体系电容减小. 氨基酸能促进卵磷脂形成胶束和囊泡, 使得卵磷脂临界胶束浓度和囊泡生成浓度减小, 其影响的强弱顺序为组氨酸>色氨酸>>甘氨酸.     

泊洛沙姆F127和丹皮酚对GMO液晶相变的影响

对GMO/H₂O, GMO/F-127/H₂O和GMO/paeonol/H₂O三种体系的液晶特性进行了考察, 结合粘度及偏光纹理绘制相图, 运用“drying”方法的原理鉴别了反相胶束和立方相液晶, 并采用临界堆积参数p值理论探讨水溶性和脂溶性物质引起液晶相变的机理. 结果表明水溶性泊洛沙姆F127可使层状液晶区域变宽, 立方相液晶区域变窄|脂溶性丹皮酚可使层状液晶和立方相液晶区域变窄, 反相六角相液晶变宽. 本研究通过对单油酸甘油酯(GMO)液晶特征的研究, 为其作为载体的应用提供了理论基础.     

Internalization of PLGA nanoparticles coated with poloxamer 188 in glioma cells: A confocal laser scanning microscopy study

Internalization of poloxamer 188-coated PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) in GL261 murine glioma cells was studied using confocal laser scanning microscopy. For visualization, both poloxamer 188 (P188) and PLGA were labeled covalently with fluorescent dyes Rhodamine B and Cyanine5, respectively. The results indicated that the PLGA NPs coated with poloxamer 188 enter a cell as an integral core–shell structure, which can be helpful for gaining further insight into the in vivo performance of surfactant-coated polymeric NPs as core–shell delivery systems     

Tissue Distribution Study of Poloxamer188 in Rats by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time of Flight/Mass Spectrometry with MSALL-Based Approach

Poloxamer188 (PL188), as one of the most commonly used pharmaceutical excipients, has unique physicochemical properties and good biocompatibility, and so is playing an increasingly extensive role in the field of medicine. Currently, there are few studies on the tissue distribution of PL188 in vivo. In this study, the LC-MS method based on MS^ALL technique of quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry for absolute quantitative analysis of poloxamer 188 in biological substrates was established for the first time. The tissue distribution of poloxamer188 in SD rats were studied using the established quantitative analysis method. To explore the distribution of PL188 in organs and tissues, PL188 was administered via rat tail vein at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Eight kinds of tissues including heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach, muscle and brain of rats were collected at 0.25 h, 1 h and 4 h after administration. Tissue distributions showed the highest level was observed in kidney, then in stomach, which indicated PL188 mainly bioaccumulated in the kidney. This study can provide references for the further study of PL188.     

Optimization and physicochemical characterization of thermosensitive poloxamer gel containing puerarin for ophthalmic use

The purpose of this study was to systematically optimize an ophthalmic thermosensitive poloxamer analogs gel containing puerarin that was a free flowing liquid below the room temperature and could shift to a gel with an eligible gel strength and bioadhesive force in physiological condition (dilution by the simulated tear fluid and at 35.0 degrees C). A two-factor, five-level central composite design (CCD) was employed to the optimization procedure. The effect of formulation variables (the w/v concentration of poloxamer 407 (X1) and poloxamer 188 (X2)) on a number of response variables (the gelation temperature before (Y1) and after (Y2) the simulated tear fluid diluted, the difference between them (Y3)) was systemically investigated. A second order polynomial equation was fitted to the data. The resulting equation and response surface plots were used to predict the responses in the optimal region. Finally, 21.0% (w/v) poloxamer 407 and 5.0% (w/v) poloxamer188 were chosen as the optimal poloxamer gel matrix. The influence of the other ingredients on the physicochemical properties of the formulation was also investigated. Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD) enhanced the gelation temperature and reduced the gel strength and the bioadhesive force, while puerarin and benzalkonium chloride (BC) had a comparatively smaller influence. All the isotonicity agents studied had the gelation temperatures lowered, and the gel strengths and the bioadhesive forces enhanced. But only sodium chloride appears to be a promising isotonicity agent for the poloxamer gel containing puerarin, HPCD and BC.     

Poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles stabilised with poloxamer 188: particle size control and cytotoxic effects in cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells

In this study, the preparation of poloxamer 188-coated poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) colloidal nanospheres of controlled size distribution and their physicochemical characterisation were investigated and their cytotoxic effects in cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells evaluated. The nanoparticles were prepared by controlled emulsion polymerisation of butyl cyanoacrylate in an aqueous medium containing poloxamer 188 as an amphiphilic non-ionic colloidal stabiliser. The colloids thus obtained were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, dynamic and electrophoretic light-scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The average size of the particles could be finely controlled within an interval between 220 nm and 290 nm by varying the concentration of the precursor and citric acid in the polymerisation medium. The particle zeta-potentials in phosphate-buffered saline were approximately ?4.5 mV. FTIR and NMR data confirmed the expected composition of nanoparticles and the complete precursor polymerisation. In-vitro studies with cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells demonstrated the dose-dependent cytotoxicity of nanoparticles (IC₅₀ ≈ 30 εg mL^?1). Observations by phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy revealed that at cytotoxic concentrations (40 εg mL^?1) nanoparticles induced changes in cell morphology and chromatin fragmentation. The colloidal stabiliser (poloxamer 188) alone was not cytotoxic at the applied concentrations.     

Poloxamer association in aqueous solution

Aqueous solutions of the surface active poly(oxyethylene)-poly(oxypropylene)-poly(oxyethylene) block copolymers (poloxamers) were studied using photon correlation spectroscopy (quasi-elastic light scattering) and viscosity measurements. Poloxamers 184 and 237 showed detectable aggregates at 25° only at concentrations above about 6% with size increasing with concentration and with significant polydispersity, probably indicating a multiple association process. At 35°, however, essentially invariant values for the hydrodynamic radius were found over a wide concentration range and the systems were essentially monodisperse: these systems are more likely to be represented by a closed association model. The more hydrophilic poloxamer 188, however, retained its concentration dependence of aggregate size up to 55°. The variation with temperature of both the hydrodynamic radius of aggregates and the intrinsic viscosity of several poloxamers was rationalized by relating the temperature-dependency curves to the cloud point of the poloxamer. In some cases only certain sections of the curve are observable when the cloud point is high, e.g., >100°, or low, e.g., <40°.     

A colloidal route to fabricate hierarchical sticky and non-sticky substrates

Ginsenoside Ro (Ro), a natural anionic biosurfactant derived from ginseng, has been found to markedly increase the solubility of saikosaponin a (SSa), which is the active ingredient of Radix Bupleuri. SSa is minimally soluble in water. To determine the mechanism by which Ro solubilizes SSa, the self-assembly behavior of Ro and the phase behavior of blended Ro and SSa systems were studied by mesoscopic dynamics (MesoDyn) and dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations. The simulation results show that Ro can form vesicles via the closure of oblate membranes. At low concentrations, SSa molecules are solubilized in the palisade layer of the Ro vesicles. At high concentrations, they interact with Ro molecules to form mixed vesicles with Ro adsorbing on the surfaces of the vesicles. The evaluation of the SSa solubilization process reveals that, at low concentrations, Ro aggregates preferentially to form vesicles, which then absorb SSa into themselves. However, at high concentrations, SSa first self-aggregates and then dissolves. This is because the solubilization behavior of Ro shifts the precipitation-dissolution equilibrium in the direction of dissolution. These results of the simulations are consistent with those of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS).     

Microcalorimetric Investigation of Toxic Effects of Three Injectable Solubilizing Excipients on Tetrahymena thermophila BF5 Growth

Using microcalorimetry, thermal metabolic curves of Tetrahymena thermophila BF₅ (T. thermophila BF₅) growth at 28°C affected by three injectable solubilizing excipients (ISE) including tween 80, hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD) and poloxamer 188 were measured. Meanwhile, the toxicities of three ISE were evaluated by dynamic parameters of thermal metabolic curves. In addition, the irritative effects of the ISE on myoblast L₆ cells were investigated to show their cytotoxicities by biochemical method. The results indicated that the effects of the ISE on T. thermophila BF₅ varied for different ISE. 5% inhibition concentration values (IC₅) of the ISE were 1.33, 1.83 and 1.64 mg/mL for tween 80, HP‐β‐CD and poloxamer 188, respectively. By the principal component analysis (PCA), the total quantity of heat (Q), growth rate constant (k) and second maximum power (P₂) were selected as the main characteristic parameters to present their toxicities, there were good linear relationships between Q, k, P₂ and concentrations c, suggesting that the toxicities of the ISE on T. thermophila BF₅ were closely linked to their concentrations. The results of creatine kinase (CK) bioassay of myoblast L₆ cells indicated that the sequence of irritative effects of the ISE was HP‐β‐CD相似文献   

Physicochemical characterization of spray dried ternary micro-complexes of cefuroxime axetil with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin

The physicochemical properties of spray dried micro-complexes of cefuroxime axetil (CFA) with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) in presence and/or absence of ternary components polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP K30), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), poloxamer 188 and/or polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000) along with Aerosil^®200 as an adsorbent were investigated. The phase solubility studies revealed A_L type of solubility curve in binary as well as ternary systems. The stability constant 382.70 ± 2.4 M^?1 of binary system i.e. CFA with HPβCD was significantly improved to 427.84 ± 3.8, 447.09 ± 4.3, 488.28 ± 4.6 and 502.21 ± 5.1 M^?1 in presence of PVP K30, HPMC, poloxamer 188 and PEG 4000 respectively indicating positive effect of their addition. The micro-complexes of CFA were characterized by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, particle size analysis, and dissolution. In all characterization studies, ternary systems performed better in comparison to binary systems as a result of synergistic effect of ternary complexation as well as particle size reduction achieved by a spray drying technology.     

Efficiency of sildenafil encapsulation in poloxamer micelles

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to prepare and investigate the physicochemical and thermodynamic evidence of sildenafil (SIL) encapsulated poloxamer 188 (P188) micelles. The micelles were prepared by the thin-film hydration technique and investigated by pendant drop tensiometry and dynamic light scattering techniques. The closed association model was used to determine the micelle-monomer equilibrium parameters. The standard Gibbs free energy of the micelle formation was calculated from the partition coefficient. The change in the pattern of the surface tension, particle count rate, and particle size of the SIL encapsulated P188 micelles was observed. The corresponding critical micelle concentration (CMC) was approximately 0.04?mM. The hydrodynamic Z-average size of the micelles ranged from 6 to 9 d. nm. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of SIL in the micelles was up to 54.3?±?0.2%. The obtained equilibrium constant was 0.67. The standard Gibbs free energy of the formation of SIL encapsulated micelles at 25?°C was ?32.9?kJ/mol. The formation of SIL encapsulated P188 micelles was confirmed by the change in the pattern of the surface tension, particle count rate and size of the micellar solution. The standard Gibbs free energy of the formation indicated the spontaneous partition process in the micellar systems.     

A simple and fast method for the determination of active ingredient in antiperspirant cosmetics by neutron activation analysis

Antiperspirant cosmetics are tested for their active ingredient (aluminium chlorohydroxide) by conventional analytical techniques. Aluminium has been determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis in all antiperspirant products and package forms available in the Greek market in order to develop a simple and fast method for its quantitation. Our results show that neutron activation analysis could be established as an official method for the determination of active ingredient in antiperspirant cosmetics. The proposed method is compared with the existing official methods and an alternative sampling method for aerosol package is presented.