含钴介孔分子筛Co-MCM-41耦合溴化四丁基铵协同催化苯乙烯直接氧化碳酰化制备苯乙烯环状碳酸酯

以苯乙烯为起始物,经催化环氧化然后环氧化物与二氧化碳环加成反应"串联一锅"制备苯乙烯环状碳酸酯,反应工艺简单(避免了中间体环氧化物的事先合成与分离)且绿色经济(原料苯乙烯比苯乙烯环氧化物价格低廉且毒性小),工艺具有潜在的工业应用前景。探讨了掺杂不同金属(Co,Fe,Ni,Mn,Cu,Ti)的MCM-41介孔分子筛催化剂对苯乙烯环氧化的转化率和选择性,研究表明以含钴介孔分子筛Co-MCM-41为最佳,并以Co-MCM-41耦合溴化四丁基铵(TBAB)为催化剂,考察了苯乙烯直接氧化碳酰化制苯乙烯环状碳酸酯反应。从影响反应活性和产物选择性的因素来优化反应,在80℃、4 MPa、CO2压力下,反应7 h,碳酸酯的收率达到46.1%。Co-MCM-41催化第一步苯乙烯环氧化反应,溴化四丁基铵催化第二步环加成反应。     

非均相Schiff碱铬(Ⅲ)配合物的合成及催化苯乙烯环氧化性能的研究

将丙氨酸水杨醛Schiff碱铬(III)配合物嫁接到了介孔分子筛MCM-41上,并利用FTIR、UV-Vis、XRD、N2吸附和元素分析对所制备的非均相配合物结构进行了表征.以30%的H2O2为氧化剂,考察其对苯乙烯环氧化反应的催化性能.结果表明,均相配合物非均相化后,其催化活性明显提高.在较优的反应条件下,苯乙烯转化率可达75.5%,此时苯基环氧乙烷的选择性为68.5%,且该非均相催化剂重复使用四次后仍保持较高的催化活性.     

金-硅胶催化剂的一步合成及其催化苯乙烯环氧化性能的研究

环氧苯乙烷具有重要的经济价值,现有的工业生产技术存在能耗高及环境污染大等诸多问题,使得环境友好的苯乙烯环氧化生产工艺的开发具有重要意义.采用一步合成法制备了系列金-硅胶纳米球催化剂,实现了纳米金的高度分散(粒径6.4 nm),对苯乙烯环氧化反应表现出较好的催化活性及产物选择性.通过X射线粉末衍射、红外光谱及X射线光电子能谱等表征技术,结合苯乙烯环氧化反应性能的考察,对金-硅胶催化剂的制备条件进行了优化.     

MCM-41固载不对称席夫碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物的制备及催化性能

用多步接枝法将不对称席夫碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物Cu(CBP-PHEN-Sal)共价联接到介孔分子筛MCM-41的表面。对得到的材料用XRD、FTIR、DR UV-Vis、氮气吸附、元素分析和ICP进行了表征。结果表明,不对称席夫碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物被成功地固载于MCM-41的孔道中,而且固载后MCM-41的结构特征保持不变。考察了固载催化剂在烯烃液相氧化中的催化活性。以叔丁基过氧化氢为氧化剂,在苯乙烯氧化中,固载催化剂比配合物表现出更高的催化活性。同时,研究了反应条件,例如溶剂、催化剂用量、温度和反应时间对固载催化剂催化性能的影响。     

MCM-41负载手性Salen-Mn(Ⅲ)配合物的制备及其对不对称环氧化的催化性能

 三乙氧基硅丙胺与介孔分子筛MCM-41表面的羟基在甲苯中回流反应得到氨丙基官能团化的MCM-41, 再利用氨基与Salen-Mn(Ⅲ)上的活性酯基生成酰胺键,将手性Salen-Mn(Ⅲ)配合物负载到MCM-41上,实现了手性均相催化剂的多相化. 分别利用FT-IR, DR UV-Vis, XRD, ICP和N2吸附等手段对负载型催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明,手性Salen-Mn(Ⅲ)配合物成功负载到MCM-41上,但MCM-41和手性Salen-Mn(Ⅲ)配合物固有的结构保持不变. 以次氯酸钠和间氯过氧苯甲酸为氧化剂,考察了负载型催化剂对1,2-二氢萘不对称环氧化反应的催化性能,结果表明,负载型催化剂的催化活性比相应均相催化剂的低,但对映体选择性有所提高. 在NaClO/PyNO氧化剂体系中20 ℃反应12 h, 1,2-二氢萘环氧化物的收率达45.9%, 对映体过量值为84.3%. 负载型催化剂在循环使用5次后Mn的流失达34%.     

乙二胺基和2，4-戊二酮官能化介孔分子筛固载钼（Ⅵ）：新型的环己烯环氧化催化剂

通过对介孔分子筛HMS和MCM-41表面修饰，将乙二胺基和2，4-戊二酮引入到介 孔分子筛孔道内，制备出乙二胺基和戊二酮官能化介孔分子筛。首次将烯烃环氧化 均相催化剂MoO_2(acac)_2固载到乙二胺基和戊二酮官能化介孔分子筛孔道内，制 备出新型的、易回收、可重复使用的烯烃环氧化多相催化剂。环已烯催化环氧化表 明，该催化剂的催化活性与均相催化剂MoO_2(acac)_2相当，选择性大于80%。     

Pd/MCM-41催化剂的制备及其光催化苯羟基化的研究

以酸化高岭土为原料,采用水热法在碱性介质中制得MCM-41分子筛.以此分子筛为载体制备了负载型Pd催化剂并对载体和催化剂进行了氮气吸附脱附、X射线粉末衍射和透射电镜等表征.研究其在光催化苯羟基化反应中的催化性能,考察了Pd的负载量、氧化剂的用量、不同光源及光照时间等反应条件对催化剂催化性能的影响,以及催化剂的回收重复利用率.结果表明以H_2O_2为氧化剂时,在汞灯照射下,Pd/MCM-41催化剂对苯羟基化反应表现出了良好的催化性能.     

表面富锡MCM-41分子筛的表面金属有机化学制备及其对苯酚羟基化催化反应性能研究

采用SnBu₄在MCM-41表面的接枝反应和后续处理制备出了一种只在表面含锡的MCM-41型介孔分子筛。通过与采用纳米SnO₂和MCM-41机械混合法、SnCl₄浸渍法、水热合成法等制备的具有相当硅锡比(Si/Sn≈100)的SnMCM-41分子筛进行结构和对苯酚羟基化反应催化性能的比较发现， 由该法所得分子筛的水热稳定性明显提高，并在苯酚羟基化反应中表现出优良的催化活性、选择性和过氧化氢利用率。本文还详细考察了该催化剂对苯酚羟基化反应的最佳反应条件。     

MCM-41负载甲基三氧化铼的制备及其对环氧化反应的催化性能

通过多步接枝法将双吡啶-甲基三氧化铼配合物负载到MCM-41上,获得多相化的甲基三氧化铼催化剂.通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、元素分析、原子吸收、X-光射线衍射以及氮气吸附等方法对负载催化剂进行了表征.将其用于过氧化氢、尿素过氧化氢络合物环氧化环己烯、苯乙烯以及1-辛烯的催化剂,显示很高的催化活性和环氧化物选择性,但循环使用性能较差.     

负载型金基催化剂Au/Fe(OH)3催化苯乙烯环氧化反应

用共沉淀法制备了Au/Fe(OH)3催化剂, 以叔丁基过氧化氢为氧化剂, 考察焙烧温度和金担载量等对苯乙烯环氧化反应的影响. 结果表明, 催化剂的焙烧温度、金担载量对苯乙烯环氧化反应有较大影响. 在室温下直接合成的质量分数为4.67%的Au/Fe(OH)3催化剂对苯乙烯环氧化反应显示了很好的催化活性, 于80 ℃反应3 h苯乙烯的转化率达到84.1%, 环氧苯乙烷的选择性达到71.5%. 通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和Mössbauer分析, 发现催化剂的催化活性与金的价态及铁的化学存在状态有很大关系. 离子态Au3+与载体Fe(OH)3的协同作用对苯乙烯环氧化反应显示出很好的催化活性.     

Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene with CO2 over Al-MCM-41-supported vanadia catalysts

Catalytic performance of Al-MCM-41-supported vanadia catalysts (V/Al-MCM-41) with different V loading was investigated for oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene (ST) with CO₂ (CO₂-ODEB). For comparison, pure silica MCM-41 was also used as support for vanadia catalyst. The catalysts were characterized by N₂ adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD) pyridine-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, H₂-temperature-programmed reduction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV-Raman, and diffuse reflectance (DR) UV–vis spectroscopy. The results indicate that the catalytic behavior and the nature of V species depend strongly on the V loading and the support properties. Compared with the MCM-41-supported catalyst, the Al-MCM-41-supported vanadia catalyst exhibits much higher catalytic activity and stability along with a high ST selectivity (>98%). The superior catalytic performance of the present V/Al-MCM-41 catalyst can be attributed to the Al-MCM-41 support being more favorable for the high dispersion of V species and the stabilization of active V⁵⁺ species. Together with the characterization results of XRD, TGA, and DR UV–Vis spectroscopy, the deep reduction of V⁵⁺ into V³⁺ during CO₂-ODEB is the main reason for the deactivation of the supported vanadia catalyst, while the coke deposition has a less important impact on the catalyst stability.     

Heterogenization of [Ti(η-C5HMe4)Cl3] on to MCM-41 and organomodified MCM-41 to form epoxidation catalyst

This paper describes the heterogenization of a tetramethylmonocyclopentadienyl titanium (IV) trichloride complex, [Ti(η⁵-C₅HMe₄)Cl₃] onto mesoporous MCM-41. Its immobilization has been performed via a straightforward grafting process of the organometallic precursor in the pores of an MCM-41 host material and by reaction with previously organomodified MCM-41 material with a hydroxyl triazine based compound. Applying all-silica MCM-41 hosts, stable and heterogeneous liquid-phase epoxidation catalysts are obtained. Powder X-ray diffraction and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis indicated that the structural integrity of the support has been preserved during the titanium complex immobilization. These materials have been also extensively characterized using diffuse reflectance UV-vis, ¹³C and ²⁸Si MAS NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. With these techniques the strong adsorption of the intact catalytic complex within an all-silica MCM-41 host is demonstrated. These materials have been tested as catalyst for the epoxidation of aliphatic and aromatic alkenes with TBHP as oxidant exhibiting a significant selectivity toward the epoxide with negligible leaching of titanium species. The conversion values are moderated, being the olefin trend reactivity 1-octene > cyclohexene > styrene.     

Preparation of MnCo/MCM-41 catalysts with high performance for chlorobenzene combustion

MCM-41 was synthesized by a soft template technique. The specific surface area and pore volume of the MCM-41 were 805.9 m²/g and 0.795 cm³/g, respectively. MCM-41-supported manganese and cobalt oxide catalysts were prepared by an impregnation method. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy clearly confirmed the existence of Mn, Co, and O, which indicated the successful loading of the active components on the surface of MCM-41. The structure and function of the catalysts were changed by modulating the molar ratio of manganese to cobalt. The 10%MnCo(6:1)/MCM-41 (Mn/Co molar ratio is 6:1) catalyst displayed the best catalytic activity according to the activity evaluation experiments, and chlorobenzene (1000 ppm) was totally decomposed at 270 °C. The high activity correlated with a high dispersion of the oxides and was attributed to the exposure of more active sites, which was demonstrated by X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The strong interactions between MnO₂, Co₃O₄, MnCoO_x, and MCM-41 indicated that cobalt promoted the redox cycles of the manganese system. The bimetal-oxide-based catalyst showed better catalytic activity than that of the single metal oxide catalysts, which was further confirmed by H₂ temperature-programmed reduction. Chlorobenzene temperature-programmed desorption results showed that 10%MnCo(6:1)/MCM-41 had higher adsorption strength for chlorobenzene than that of single metal catalysts. And stronger adsorption was beneficial for combustion of chlorobenzene. Furthermore, 10%MnCo(6:1)/MCM-41 was not deactivated during a continuous reaction for 1000 h at 260 °C and displayed good resistance to water and benzene, which indicated that the catalyst could be used in a wide range of applications.     

Synthesis,characterization of Nafion-functionalized MCM-41 and its catalytic application in preparation of CL-20 via HNO3 electrolyte involved nitration of TAIW

Hybrid organic–inorganic MCM-41 (Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41) silicas functionalized with Nafion (perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid analogous) were prepared and characterized by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and N₂ adsorption analysis. The Brønsted acidity was determined by UV spectrophotometer. The prepared catalyst (SA/MCM-41) exhibited high catalytic activity in the nitration of TAIW (tetraacetylhexaazaisowurtzitan) aiming at synthesizing CL-20 (hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane), with the yield up to 93%. The leaching problem was not observed after several runs, demonstrating that the catalyst could be recycled and reused without losing activity.     

Synthesis,characterization and catalytic activities of bimetallic modified MCM-41 for epoxidation of styrene

Mesoporous molecular sieves MCM-41 modified by bimetal (Zr and Ti) ions with ordered hexagonal arrangement were prepared by direct synthesis under microwave–hydrothermal conditions at 403 K. FT-IR, N₂ adsorption–desorption, scanning electron microscope, high-resolution transmission electron microscope, element mapping, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, diffuse Reflectance UV–Visible Spectra etc. were used to characterize as-prepared materials. The results showed that Zr and Ti were introduced into MCM-41 and bonds of Zr–O–Si and Ti–O–Si were formed in framework of the MCM-41. Moreover, their structures with ordered arrangement were still retained. The microwave–hydrothermal method might shorten the synthesis time from days to hours and the as-prepared catalyst had a high catalytic activity and selectivity for the liquid-phase epoxidation of styrene.     

Oxidative Desulfurization of Model Diesel Fuel by Vanadium Granular-Shape Mesoporous (V/GMS) Silica System as Nanocatalyst

The performance of V-containing granular-shape mesoporous (V/GSM) silica systems in oxidative desulfurization of model diesel fuel was studied. FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, N₂ adsorption-desorption, UV-Vis, and NH₃-TPD techniques were used to analyze the surface properties of the functionalized catalyst. The mesostructure of silica remains intact after vanadium modifications as shown by XRD and adsorption-desorption analysis, while spectroscopy indicates the successful impregnation of neat vanadium oxide inside the porous silica support. The oxidation desulfurization of model diesel fuel was effectively catalyzed by this catalyst and the highest activity was shown by 4.8% V/GSM catalyst. Compared with their conventional V/MCF and V/MCM-41 counterparts, SSM-supported vanadium catalysts showed much higher activity. This may be associated with the higher reducibility and better diffusion of reactants and products in V/MCF and V/MCM-41catalysts.     

MCM-41固载胺钯配合物的制备及对Heck反应催化性能的研究

以MCM-41分子筛作为固载材料, 经氨基功能化后与各种钯化合物形成一系列MCM-41载钯配合物, 采用XRD, XPS等技术对其结构及表面性能进行了表征, 研究了催化剂的制备条件等因素对催化Heck芳基化反应性能的影响; 以共轭烯烃和各种芳基碘的Heck芳基化反应考察了MCM～NH₂•Pd(0, II)配合物的催化性能. 结果表明, MCM-41的结构没有被破坏, MCM～NH₂载钯配合物具有较高的催化活性和立体选择性, 在较低的温度(70～90 ℃)下, 可高产率地生成一系列取代的反式产物.     

无溶剂高度分散Ni/MCM-41催化剂的制备及其萘加氢性能

分别用机械研磨无溶剂法、添加柠檬酸无溶剂法制备了Ni/MCM-41催化剂,对所制催化剂进行了分析表征,探究其萘加氢反应性能并与常规浸渍法进行了对比。与常规浸渍法相比,机械研磨无溶剂法所制催化剂的物理性质相近,金属镍分散度和萘加氢性能略有提高;添加柠檬酸无溶剂法则显著提升了催化剂的分散度和萘加氢性能,金属镍分散度由6.9%大幅提高至67.9%,萘加氢性能提高了近1倍。通过红外光谱、紫外光谱和热重分析,提出了添加柠檬酸对无溶剂法制备催化剂性能的促进作用机制。     

Heteropolyacid (H3PW12O40) supported MCM-41: An efficient solid acid catalyst for the green synthesis of xanthenedione derivatives

HPWA/MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves of appropriate ratios were prepared by loading HPWA on siliceous MCM-41 by the wet impregnation method. The prepared HPWA/MCM-41 materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and BET surface area and FT-IR measurements. The morphology of mesoporous materials was studied by TEM observation. The catalytic activity of the above materials was tested for the condensation of dimedone (active methylene carbonyl compound) and various aromatic aldehyes under liquid phase conditions at 90 °C. The products were confirmed by FT-IR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR studies. HPWA supported MCM-41 catalysts catalyses efficiently the condensation of dimedone and aromatic aldehydes in ethanol and other solvents under liquid phase conditions to afford the corresponding xanthenedione derivatives. Activities of the catalysts follow the order: HPWA/MCM-41(20 wt.%) > HPWA/MCM-41(30 wt.%) > H₃PW₁₂O₄₀·nH₂O > HPWA/MCM-41(10 wt.%) > HPWA/SiO₂ (20 wt.%) > HM (12) > Hβ (8) > Al-MCM-41 (50). Various advantages associated with these protocols include simple workup procedure, short reaction times, high product yields and easy recovery and reusability of the catalyst.     

Aza-Michael addition reactions between nitroolefins and benzotriazole catalyzed by MCM-41 immobilized heteropoly acids in water

MCM-41 supported heteropoly acids(HPAs) catalysts were synthesized,characterized and their catalytic activity was evaluated in an aza-Michael addition reaction between nitroolefins and benzotriazole in water at room temperature.50 wt% PW/MCM-41 showed the highest activity(up to 96% yield).The catalyst was used in six consecutive experiments without obvious loss of activity, confirming the success of the anchoring process and the catalyst stability.