电化学掺铜(Ⅱ)类普鲁士蓝膜修饰电极的制备及其对亚硝酸根的测定

研究在普鲁士蓝(PB)修饰膜中,利用电化学方法掺杂Cu2+制备的掺Cu2+类普鲁士蓝(Cu-PB)修饰膜.通过循环伏安和交流阻抗实验,考察了制备的Cu-PB修饰膜的电化学性质和对NO-2的响应特性,并与PB修饰膜进行了比较.研究表明,掺Cu2+后不仅改变了PB膜的内部结构,其电化学性能也发生了明显变化,PB修饰膜对NO-2无电催化作用,而Cu-PB修饰膜对亚硝酸根具有明显的电催化作用.在pH=5.85的PBS缓冲溶液中,NO-2的浓度在1.0×10-2～5.0×10-5 mol/L范围内与还原峰电流呈良好的线性关系(r=0 9983); 检出限(3S/N)为1.0 μmol/L.本法用于实际样品的测定,回收率为97.5%～104%,结果令人满意.     

循环伏安和现场红外光谱电化学研究镉（Ⅱ）在普鲁士蓝／铂修饰电极？…

报道了普鲁士蓝（ＰＢ）膜修饰Ｐｔ电极在ＣｄＣｌ２溶液中进行循环伏安（ＣＶ）扫描,衍生为含有部分六氰亚铁酸镉（ＣｄＨＣＦ）混合修饰膜的电化学反应,并对其反应机理进行了电化学和现场红外光谱电化学（ＦＴＩＲｓ）的研究。实验结果表明,这一混合膜中ＰＢ和ＣｄＨＣＦ两种成分之间的相互影响并不大,两种物质基上保持了各自为纯物质时的电化学特性。     

电沉积普鲁士蓝/壳聚糖修饰金电极的电化学研究

应用控制电位电解法在金电极上进行了普鲁士蓝(PB)/壳聚糖(CS)修饰膜的电沉积。在pH2、溶液组成为2.5 mmol/L FeCl3 2.5 mmol/L K3[Fe(CN)6] 0.01%CS 0.01 mol/L HCl和0.1 mol/L KCl的溶液中,于0.4 V(vs.SCE)电沉积300 s,获得性能理想的沉积膜。对修饰膜进行了红外和显微表征,结果表明,PB和CS同时沉积在电极上,且膜结构较纯PB沉积膜粗糙,修饰量大,具有更强的空间结构性。研究了PB/CS/金修饰电极(PB/CS/Au/CME)的电化学行为,该电极在中性(pH7.0~8.0)条件下性能比纯PB修饰膜更稳定,具有良好的电化学活性和对H2O2的电催化性能。氧化峰电流与H2O2浓度在1×10-6~5×10-3mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系,为研制基于酶催化反应的电化学生物传感器奠定了良好基础。     

电化学石英晶体微天平研究普鲁士蓝薄膜的两电极系统伏安行为

采用双通道电化学石英晶体微天平（EQCM）研究了水溶液中普鲁士蓝（PB）薄膜修饰的两金电极上的两电极循环伏安（CV）电化学行为,归属了普鲁士白、PB、普鲁士黄三者间的转变过程,以及金基底和PB膜内所夹带的Fe（CN）6^3-／Fe（CN）6^4-杂质的氧化还原峰,为UV-Vis光谱电化学实验所支持．夹在两喷金的铟锡氧化物（ITO）电极间的PB粉末的两电极固态CV图和两PB修饰金电极在水溶液中的两电极CV图相似,说明发生了类似的电极反应．双通道EQCM有望成为研究其他物质或材料的两电极系统电化学行为的高效技术．     

聚吡咯固定胆固醇氧化酶/普鲁士蓝安培传感器的研制

利用电聚合吡咯的方法将胆固醇氧化酶固定在普鲁士蓝 (PB)修饰玻碳电极表面 ,制成了一种新型胆固醇安培传感器。PB膜修饰电极催化过氧化氢电还原 ,于 0V(vs.Ag ACl)产生灵敏还原峰 ,利用安培法可对胆固醇进行间接测定。胆固醇的测定范围为 0～ 2× 10 - 4mol L ,检出限为 6× 10 - 7mol L ,灵敏度较当前胆固醇传感器有明显的提高。同时该传感器对胆固醇的测定避免了常规电化学传感器测定中样品所含大量的易氧化物质带来的干扰     

分步电沉积普鲁士蓝、纳米铜复合膜修饰玻碳电极测定芦丁

采用分步电沉积方法,依次将普鲁士蓝膜(PB)和纳米铜(CuNPs)电沉积在玻碳电极(GCE)表面,制备了相应的修饰电极(CuNPs/PB/GCE)。考察了实验条件,并采用循环伏安(CV)法和差分脉冲伏安(DPV)法研究了芦丁在CuNPs/PB/GCE上的电化学行为,求解了相关的电化学参数。最佳条件下,采用DPV法,芦丁的还原峰电流与其浓度在1.0×10-8~1.0×10-4 mol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,其检出限(S/N=3)为2.8×10-9 mol/L。结果表明,电极表面PB和CuNPs的存在有效提高了芦丁的电化学响应。该修饰电极的选择性和重现性好,可以应用于水样中芦丁的检测。     

普鲁士蓝膜修饰电极循环伏安行为的研究

本文研究普鲁士蓝(PB)膜修饰电极的循环伏安行为,结果表明,膜中电活性中心间的相互作用导致PB膜电极的伏安行为偏离理想表面波.用有限扩散边界模型解释了高电位扫速下膜电极的伏安行为.在含钾离子的电解质溶液中测得PB膜中电荷传输扩散系数为10~(-9)～10~(-11)cm~2/s.     

对苯二酚在普鲁士蓝修饰电极上的电化学行为

利用循环伏安法制备普鲁士蓝修饰玻碳电极(PB/GC),电极对对苯二酚具有良好的电催化作用,PB/GC电极上的氧化还原峰电流比裸电极大两个数量级,峰电位之差从0.83V减少到0.48V;考察了修饰电极膜的厚度与峰电流关系,当扫描圈数大于60圈时,峰电流不再随着薄膜厚度的增加而变大,峰电流与扫描速度的平方根呈线性关系,说明膜电极在界面传质为线性扩散控制;采用计时电量和电化学阻抗法研究对苯二酚的电化学行为,求得在不同厚度修饰电极膜上的扩散系数,此电极可用来快速检测对苯二酚。     

普鲁士蓝薄膜的电积法制备及其化学组成

在金属和石墨基底电极上用恒电位沉积法制备出普鲁士蓝(PB)薄膜,研究了影响膜生长的多种因素;观察到PB膜的电化学活性。用红外光谱及电子能谱对膜的化学组成作了分析,结果表明,最初制备的膜为不溶性PB:Fe_4[Fe(CN)_6]_3,在含K~+的电解质溶液中经电化学反应后膜部分转变为可溶性PB:KFeFe(CN)_6,由此确定了PB膜的电化学反应式。     

维生素B_1自组装膜修饰金电极对多巴胺、尿酸的电催化作用

用维生素B1(VB1)在金电极上进行自组装,制备了VB1自组装膜修饰金电极(VB1-Au/SAMs/CME).利用循环伏安法初步研究了此自组装单分子膜修饰电极的电化学行为.结果表明: VB1在金电极表面具有特性吸附.以\3-/ 4-氧化还原电对为探针,考察了VB1自组装膜修饰金电极的电化学性质, VB1自组装膜的存在对\3-/4-的电子转移具有明显的阻碍作用.研究了多巴胺(DA)和尿酸(UA)在此电极上的电化学行为.实验结果表明, DA和UA在此电极上均可被电催化氧化.差分脉冲伏安(DPV)氧化峰电流与DA浓度在2.0×10-5～4.0×10-4 mol/L范围内呈线性关系;测定UA的线性范围为6.0×10-5～2.2×10-4 mol/L,而且可实现这两种物质的同时测定.     

Electrochromic hysteresis performance of a prussian blue film arising from electron-transfer control by a tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II)-doped WO(3) film as studied by a spectrocyclic voltammetry technique

A [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine)-doped WO(3) film was prepared as a base layer on a substrate by cathodic electrodeposition from a colloidal triad solution containing peroxotungstic acid (PTA), [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+), and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS). A Prussian blue (PB; Fe(II)-Fe(III)) film was cathodically electrodeposited on the [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+)-doped WO(3) film or neat WO(3) film from an aqueous Berlin brown (BB; Fe(III)-Fe(III)) colloid solution to yield a [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+)-doped WO(3)/PB bilayer film or WO(3)/PB bilayer film. For the spectrocyclic voltammogram (SCV) of the WO(3)/PB film, a redox response of Prussian white (PW; Fe(II)-Fe(II))/PB was observed at 0.11 V, however, further oxidation of PB to BB was not allowed by the interfacial n-type Schottky barrier between the WO(3) and PB layers. For the [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+)-doped WO(3)/PB film, any electrochemical response assigned to the redox of PB was not observed in the cyclic voltammogram, however, the in situ absorption spectral change recorded simultaneously showed the significant redox reactions based on PB. The SCV revealed that PW on the [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+)-doped WO(3) film is completely oxidized to PB by a geared reaction of Ru(II)/Ru(III) at 1.05 V, and that 32 % of PB formed is further oxidized to BB by the same geared reaction in the potential scan to 1.5 V. PB was completely re-reduced to PW by a geared reaction of H(x)WO(3)/WO(3) at -0.5 V in the reductive potential scan. These geared electrochemical reactions produced an electrochromic hysteresis performance of the PB film layered on the [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+)-doped WO(3) film.     

抗坏血酸在普鲁士蓝薄膜修饰电极上的电催化氧化

本文详细研究了普鲁士蓝(PB)薄膜本身电荷传输过程的动力学及PB 薄膜催化抗坏血酸(AH2)电氧化的动力学。 用电位阶跃计时电流法和计时电量法, 恒电流计时电位法测得PB膜中电荷传输表观扩散系数Dct平均为2.62×10ˉ10cm2·sˉ1; 用RDE法测得AH2在PB薄膜上催化氧化的速率常数为1.23×10^8cm3·molˉ1·sˉ1。催化反应对AH2为一级。 只发生在PB薄膜与溶液的界面上。 整个催化过程受到溶液中的传质、膜内部的电荷传输及膜与溶液界面上交叉反应三种因素单独或联合控制, 实际出现四种动力学情况。     

电化学石英晶体微天平研究普鲁士蓝修饰电极

石英晶体徽天平(Quartz Crystal Microbalance,简称QCM)是一种非常灵敏的质量传感器,其检测能力可达ng级。QCM在化学中的早期应用是检测大气中的徽量成分,目前仍较活跃。由于石英压电晶体浸入溶液后在晶体/溶液界面存在较大的能量损失而不能够稳定振荡,致使QCM的应用较长时间局限于气相。八十年代初石英压电晶体在液相中的振荡终获成功,开辟了QCM应用的一个全新领域。液相中振荡成功后,QCM很快应用于电化学研究。目前已发展成为一种全新的电化学传感器——电化学石英晶体微天平(EQCM),并已用于金属电沉积、电化学腐蚀、电分析等方面的研究。     

Fabrication of Prussian Blue modified ultramicroelectrode for GOD imaging using scanning electrochemical microscopy

A Prussian Blue (PB) film modified disk ultramicroelectrode (UME) was fabricated by electrochemical deposition technique on a Pt-disk UME. The electrocatalytical reductions of hydrogen peroxide derived from glucose oxidase (GOD) on this modified UME were investigated. The enzymatic biochemical reactivity was imaged by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) utilizing the PB film modified UME. It is evident that sensitivity and spatial resolution for hydrogen peroxide measurement were improved obviously. SECM images obtained clearly revealed the concentration profile of the reaction products around the enzymes. The PB film modified microelectrode is in the nature of simple preparation, high catalytic activity on hydrogen peroxide and substrate selectivity for SECM etc.     

A Simple and Sensitive Method for the Amperometric Detection of Trace Chromium(VI) Based on Prussian Blue Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

A simple and sensitive method for the amperometric detection of trace amount of chromium(VI) using a Prussian blue modified glassy carbon electrode (PB/GCE) is described here. The Everitts salt/Prussian blue redox couple of the PB film was found to mediate the Cr(VI) reduction, and the mechanism of electrochemical reaction was investigated. The effects of PB film thickness, applied potential and electrolyte solution on the current response of Cr(VI) reduction were thoroughly studied. Under the optimized conditions, the PB/GCE provided a wide linear range for Cr(VI) analysis from 0.5 to 200 ppb with excellent sensitivity (15±0.2 nA/ppb) and low detection limit (0.15 ppb). In addition, the modified electrode showed excellent stability, reproducibility and good resistance to other metal ions and surfactants. Finally, the proposed method was applied to detect trace Cr(VI) in wastewater with satisfactory results. The great advantages of the method were characterized by the simplicity, ease of preparation, stability, short analysis time and cost‐efficiency.     

Amperometric cholesterol biosensors based on the electropolymerization of pyrrole and the electrocatalytic effect of Prussian-Blue layers helped with self-assembled monolayers

Three cholesterol biosensor configurations based on the formation of a layer of Prussian-Blue (PB) on a Pt electrode for the electrocatalytic detection of the H₂O₂ generated during the enzymatic reaction of cholesterol with cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) were constructed. The enzyme was entrapped within a polypyrrole (PPy) layer electropolymerized onto the PB film. The influence of the formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on the Pt surface on the adherence and stability of the PB layer and the formation of an outer layer of nafion (Nf) as a means of improving selectivity were both studied. A comparative study was made of the analytical properties of the biosensors corresponding to the three configurations named: Pt/PB/PPy-ChOx, Pt/SAM/PB/PPy-ChOx and Pt/SAM/PB/PPy-ChOx/Nf. The sensitivity (from 600 to 8500 nA mM⁻¹ cm⁻²) and selectivity of the developed biosensors permitted the determination of the cholesterol content in reference and synthetic serum samples. The detection limit for the Pt/SAM/PB/PPy-ChOx/Nf biosensor was 8 μM. Formation of the SAM on the electrode surface and covering with a Nf film considerably improved the stability and lifetime of the biosensor based on the catalytic effect of the PB layer (as the PB layer was retained longer on the electrode), and the Nf layer protects the enzyme from the external flowing solutions. Lifetime is up to 25 days of use. The formation of the SAM also has an effect on the charge transfer and the formation of the PB layer.     

A Selective Cholesterol Biosensor Based on Composite Film Modified Electrode for Amperometric Detection

An amperometric cholesterol biosensor based on immobilization of cholesterol oxidase in a Prussian blue (PB)/polypyrrole (PPy) composite film on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode was fabricated. Hydrogen peroxide produced by the enzymatic reaction was catalytically reduced on the PB film electrode at 0 V with a sensitivity of 39 μA (mol/L)^?1. Cholesterol in the concentration range of 10^?5 ? 10^?4 mol/L was determined with a detection limit of 6 × 10^?7 mol/L by amperometric method. Normal coexisting compounds in the bio‐samples such as ascorbic acid and uric acid do not interfere with the determination. The excellent properties of the sensor in sensitivity and selectivity are attributed to the PB/PPy layer modified on the sensor.     

One‐step Electrodeposition of Tris(hydroxymethyl) Aminomethane – Prussian Blue on Screen‐printed Electrode for Highly Efficient Detection of Glycosylated Hemoglobin

In this work, the modified Prussian blue (PB) film showed more stable performance in alkaline solution by one‐step electrodepositon of PB with tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (Tris) on screen‐printed electrode (SPE). The morphology and structure of the modified Tris‐PB/SPE was characterized by scanning electronic microscopy, infra spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. It was inferred that the Tris particles embedded in the PB deposit layer resulted in the change of PB structure and improve its stability in alkaline solution. And then, the modified Tris‐PB/SPE was applied in the detection of Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The optimum experimental conditions are pH 7.5, 100 mV/s, 4 μL FAOD and 5 min reaction time. The linearship of HbA1c is i=22.90 C+101.9 in the range of 0.1–2 mmol/L. Comparing with PB/SPE, Tris‐PB/SPE shows better sensitivity and recovery.     

Role of acidity on the electrochemistry of Prussian Blue at plain and Nation filmcoated electrodes

Prussian Blue (PB) coated on plain platinum (Pt) shows a redox wave at 0.44V vs SCE in addition to the two usual redox waves at 0.82 and 0.12 V vs SCE when the electrodes were dipped in acidic KC1 solution. PB incorporated into Nation film-coated on Pt electrode exhibited the same behaviour even in the presence of neutral KG solution. In acidic KC1, the additional redox wave observed for PB incorporated into Nation film shifted positively to 0.39V vs SCE and the peak separation was reduced to 30mV. The observed additional redox wave for PB coated on plain Pt electrode and incorporated into Nafion film-coated Pt electrodes was assigned to the partial reduction of PB occurring due to the insertion of protons into the film. The effect of various cations on the electrochemistry of PB incorporated into Nafion film-coated electrode was also studied.