导电ZAO纳米晶的超声鄄模板法合成、表征及应用

采用超声-模板法高效合成出了分散好、导电性能优良的白色掺铝氧化锌(ZAO)纳米晶, 通过TEM、XRD、FT-IR、TG-DTA、UV-Vis等手段对产物形貌、结构及前驱物的热性质等进行了研究, 并研究了Al2O3掺入量与ZAO的电阻率、紫外-可见光谱吸收峰位置、能带带宽之间的关系. 将制得的导电ZAO纳米晶加入到抗静电涂料体系中, 不仅使涂料具有颜色浅、易于调色及导电性好等优点, 而且还大大提高了涂料的抗紫外等性能.     

聚酰胺/聚苯胺导电复合材料制备方法的研究进展

聚酰胺材料是一种重要的工程塑料和合成纤维原料,解决材料使用过程中的表面静电堆积问题是提升材料性能、扩展其应用领域的重要研究方向,因此发展了多种通过物理与化学的方法研究制备抗静电聚酰胺材料的技术.聚苯胺以其单体原料易得、合成工艺简单、掺杂现象独特、电导率较高、在空气中具有良好的稳定性等特点,被认为是最有前途的导电高分子之一,但其缺点也很明显,即加工性能很差.以聚苯胺作为抗静电剂与聚酰胺复合,不但大大提高了聚酰胺材料在应用于织物、涂料、输油管等领域时的抗静电性能,还可以解决聚苯胺的加工问题.基于近年来聚酰胺/聚苯胺导电复合材料的制备方法和复合材料特性,综述了聚酰胺/聚苯胺复合纤维、复合薄膜、复合粉末、三相复合等导电复合材料体系的制备方法、研究进展及应用领域.     

磁场对超细镍粉的磁性能及电磁屏蔽性能的影响

分别在水和乙二醇溶液中,于搅拌条件下采用液相还原法制备超细镍粉,研究反应过程中外加磁场对产物形貌及性能的影响。结果表明,水中得到的产品为刺球状颗粒,外加磁场对产物的形貌影响不大;乙二醇中得到类球形颗粒,加磁场后得到短链状结构。外加磁场使超细镍粉的饱和磁化强度值降低而矫顽力值升高。将水体系中得到的超细镍粉作为导电填料制备电磁屏蔽涂料,结果发现外加磁场条件下得到的超细镍粉/树脂复合涂料在130 MHz～1.5 GHz频段内具有更好的电磁屏蔽性能。     

轻质柔性聚酰亚胺纸基电磁屏蔽材料的制备与性能

基于聚酰亚胺纤维纸基导电骨架(PI-CP)的三维网络结构, 通过聚吡咯(PPy)的气相沉积及无钯化学镀工艺在PI-CP上进行镍基金属的层层组装, 制备了夹芯结构的镍/聚吡咯@聚酰亚胺纤维纸基电磁屏蔽材料 (Ni/PPy@PI-CP); 对其形貌、 结构、 导电性能、 力学性能及电磁屏蔽性能进行了表征; 并考察了温度、 弯曲牢度和折叠次数对Ni/PPy@PI-CP导电性能和电磁屏蔽性能的影响. 研究结果表明, Ni/PPy@PI-CP-3的电磁屏蔽性能可达到70 dB以上; Ni/PPy@PI-CP-3在弯曲变形下表现出优良的导电稳定性, 其电导率损失可以忽略不计, 经过200次的反复弯曲测试, 其电导率仍保持在92.4%以上. 此外, Ni/PPy@PI-CP还具有轻质及易于加工的特性, 并具有稳定的热性能, 于300 ℃下处理后电磁屏蔽性能仍保持在80％以上.     

聚苯胺防腐涂料研究进展

综述了聚苯胺防腐涂料研究进展;浅析了聚苯胺涂料独特的防腐机理,概述了其防腐应用;指出导电聚苯胺具有可逆的氧化还原特性,对金属具有优良的防腐性能,作为新一代无毒无污染的防腐材料而逐渐成为当前防腐蚀领域的一大热点;并就聚苯胺涂料的防腐发展方向进行了展望.     

镍/碳纳米纤维复合物的制备及其吸波性能

以乙二胺为碳源,自制的镍纤维为催化剂,利用原位复合的方法制备得到一系列不同比例的镍/碳纤维复合物,并研究了其吸波性能.由于镍纤维和碳纤维均具有一定的电磁波耗散能力,因此得到的产物无需任何处理,可以直接作为吸波材料使用.结果表明,通过改变镍纤维的加入量,可以改变产物的镍碳比,进而实现对复合材料吸波性能的调控.在合适比例条件下制备得到的纤维复合物具有较好的吸波性能,当纤维复合物含量为25%时,其反射率的最小值可达-14.3dB.该材料在轻质吸波材料领域具有很好的应用价值.     

低熔点金属/聚合物复合材料的研究现状

聚合物基导电复合材料在电磁屏蔽、导电、抗静电、自限温加热、甚至导热等领域,具有广泛的用途。这类复合材料中所用的填料主要有金属、炭黑、石墨、石墨烯等。这些填料在加工过程中处于固态。与之不同的是,低熔点金属熔点低,在加工过程中处于液态,从而可以降低复合体系粘度、提高加工性能、降低设备磨损;还可以实现加工过程中填料原位细化和原位纤维化,以及形成双连续相结构。本文概述了低熔点金属填充聚合物复合材料的制备方法,以及复合材料结构、导电性、流变性和力学性能的主要特点,分析了与其它聚合物基导电复合材料相比LMPM/聚合物复合材料的优势,指出了该领域需要进一步研究的方向。     

导电聚苯胺/橡胶复合材料的研究进展

聚苯胺是一种结构型导电高分子,因其特殊的结构和优异的物理化学性能,使它在二次电池、金属防腐、传感器、电容器、电磁屏蔽及抗静电等领域有着广泛而深入的应用前景。本文概述了导电聚苯胺的结构和特性,主要综述了聚苯胺/橡胶基复合材料的制备方法。其制备方法主要有共混法和聚合法,共混法主要有机械熔融共混法、溶液共混法和乳液共混法;聚合法主要包括电化学聚合、原位乳液聚合法、吸附聚合法等,总结了聚苯胺/橡胶基复合材料的研究情况及发展应用。     

二价钴、镍杂多酸盐异构体聚苯胺掺杂材料的合成及荧光性能研究

本文首次以钴、镍为取代元素的杂多酸盐异构体在有酸的情况下采用液相法与苯胺进行掺杂,并采用IR光谱,UV-vis,X-射线粉末衍射测试手段对其进行分析,并对产物的荧光性、导电性能进行了研究。     

纸基柔性导电材料及器件

柔性电子产品因其独特的柔性、高效、低成本的制造工艺等诸多优势受到广泛关注,但与日俱增的柔性电子器件却产生很多不可降解的塑料废弃物,对人类赖以生存的环境造成破坏。为了更好地契合可持续发展的时代理念,科研工作者开始寻找“绿色”基材代替现有的塑料来制备环境友好型的柔性电子器件。与塑料相比,纸张具有价格低廉（约为PET价格的二十分之一）、可再生、可持续、可生物降解等优势,并具有实现规模化生产的巨大潜力,引起科研工作者的广泛关注。如何根据纸张的结构特点,结合“绿色”材料,制备出更符合柔性产品要求的纸基导电材料并使其成为柔性电子器件的重要组成部分,对扩大纸基导电材料在柔性电子器件领域的应用具有十分重要的意义。 本文实验部分可细化为3个部分,逐层次探讨了纸基导电材料的制备及其在柔性电子器件中的应用,主要内容包括： 1.引入离子凝胶作为导电材料,成功制备了离子凝胶导电纸,并将其应用于电致发光器件中。将离子凝胶作为导电组分,制备离子凝胶导电墨水,与传统的印刷方式相结合,成功实现了离子凝胶导电纸的高速量产,且制备的导电纸还具有优异的机械性能、稳定的电学性能,为扩大导电纸在柔性电子器件中的应用带来福音。 2.引入PDES作为导电材料,实现了导电纸的绿色制造和图案精细化。用可聚合低共熔溶剂（PDES）代替离子凝胶,通过丝网印刷的方式转移到原纸上,经UV光照射几秒钟便可使PDES固着在原纸上,实现了PDES型导电纸的绿色、快速制备,为实现按需图案化印刷电路的制备提供了一条新的路径,是一种快速、无VOC的绿色精细图案制造过程。 3.制备了具有较好力学性能的高透明纳米导电纸,并将其用于纸基电容器的构建。使用纳米纤维素作为原纸的制备材料,使制得的导电纸具有较高的透明度;使用少量纳米银作为导电组分,保证了导电纸的成本;经氯化胆碱/尿素低共熔溶剂水溶液浸泡后,拉伸性能较纯纳米纤维素纸提高近十倍。高透明纳米导电纸的简单制备,为进一步拓宽导电纸在柔性电子器件中的应用做出了较大贡献。     

Synthesis of a novel polyester-ether copolymer and its derivatives as antistatic additives for thermoplastic films

Development of antistatic thermoplastic elastomer composites is gaining much interest in scientific and industrial aspects. In this contribution, a novel type of polyester-block-ether copolymer (PEBE), PEBE with ionic liquid (PEBE-IL) and quaternized PEBE (PEBE-Q) were synthesized, characterized and compounded with a commercial bottle grade polyester (PET) resin. It was found that the surface resistivity of the PET composite films was around 10⁹–10¹⁰ Ω/sq. The addition of the PEBE copolymers as an antistatic agent into PET matrix resulted in almost 10⁶ times enhancement in surface resistivity compared to neat PET film. Among the PET films with an antistatic agent, it was emphasized that PEBE-IL and ionic liquid doping to PET matrix led to a relatively lower crystallization degree, surface resistivity, contact angle and breaking force with a translucent appearance compared to neat PET film. Furthermore, it was illustrated that antistatic PET films with fine-tune physical, mechanical and morphological properties can be achieved by choosing appropriate antistatic agent type and amount.     

Antistatic PVC-graphene Composite through Plasticizer-mediated Exfoliation of Graphite

Multilayer graphene was prepared by mechanical exfoliation of natural graphite with dioctyl phthalate(DOP) as milling medium without solvent. The obtained mixture could be directly mixed with poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC) for melt-forming, with DOP acting as plasticizer and graphene acting as conductive filler for antistatic performance. The composite showed surface resistance of 2.5 ×10~6 Ω/□ at 1 wt% carbon additive, significantly lower than approx. 7 wt% of raw graphite required for achieving the same level. This value is low enough for practical antistatic criterion of 3 × 10~8 Ω/□. The effect of filler addition on mechanical performance was minimal, or even beneficial for the milled carbon in contrast to the case of raw graphite.     

Enhancement of electrostatic charge dissipation properties of polymers by a sustained‐release effect of mesoporous silica nanoparticles

Small molecular surfactant (SMS), used as antistatic agent of polymers, is prone to the wash‐out effects thus reducing its lifetime. To address this issue, the sustained‐release antistatic agent is prepared by encapsulating SMS (HDC‐102 or HDC‐193) into mesoporous silica nanoparticles such as MCM‐41 and is used to modify the antistatic properties of polystyrene (PS). The water‐resistant test is used to evaluate the sustained‐release effect, and the results showed that the HDC‐102/MCM‐41/PS composite retains favorable antistatic properties with the R_s of 6.2 × 10¹¹ after five times washing, while the HDC‐102/PS loses antistatic properties after twice washing. The contact angle measurement demonstrates that the sustained‐release effect is affected by the characteristics of SMS. Moreover, the coefficient of thermal expansion of SMS/PS composites is decreased, and the thermal decomposition temperature is increased with incorporation of MCM‐41. This approach may be used in polymer systems with the other small molecular additives to prolong their lifetime. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Preparation of polyaniline grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes and conductive application in polyetherimide

A methodology for improving antistatic property of polyetherimide (PEI) composite using polyaniline (PANI) grafted multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) as conductive medium was proposed. First, the MWNTs grafted with PANI (PANI‐g‐MWNTs) were prepared by in‐situ polymerization in an emulsion system. Subsequently, PANI‐g‐MWNTs were blended with PEI using N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone as solvent. After removing the solvent, the PEI/PANI‐g‐MWNT composite was prepared. As assisted conductive medium, the grafted PANI molecular chains on MWNT surface were dispersed in the PEI matrix to decrease the percolation value of the antistatic composites. The structure and morphology of PANI‐g‐MWNTs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope, thermogravimetric analysis, and X‐ray powder diffraction, respectively. The dispersion of PANI‐g‐MWNTs in PEI matrix was studied by scanning electron microscope. The electrical performance was characterized by highly resistant meter. The volume resistivity of the conductivity percolation threshold was 1.781 × 10^?8 S/cm when the loading of PANI‐g‐MWNTs was 1.0 wt%. The conductivity of PANI‐g‐MWNTs/PEI composites was found to be higher than that of pristine MWNTs/PEI composite. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

十六烷基膦酸表面修饰纳米镍粉及其复合材料的制备和性能

以十六烷基膦酸作为修饰剂, 对纳米镍粉进行表面改性处理, 通过溶液共混的方法制备改性镍粉与聚丙烯的聚合物基复合材料. 利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、 X射线衍射(XRD)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)等测试手段研究改性镍粉的表面形态; 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究复合材料断面形貌; 利用介电频谱分析系统对复合材料的介电常数和介电损耗等进行了测试. 结果表明, 纳米镍粉表面形成厚度为2~4 nm的十六烷基膦酸包覆层, 使纳米镍粉由亲水性变为亲油性; 聚丙烯基复合材料中, 改性镍粉均匀分散; 复合材料的介电常数在镍填充量为40%时, 可以达到纯聚丙烯的近10倍.     

聚并苯纳米颗粒与聚丙烯复合制备新型抗静电阻燃材料

用聚并苯纳米颗粒作为新型导电填料代替导电炭黑和石墨等, 制备出具有抗静电阻燃性能的纳米聚并苯/聚丙烯复合材料. 测定了复合材料的渗流转变区, 讨论了纳米聚并苯含量对复合材料体积电阻率和表面电阻率的影响. 实验结果表明, 所制备复合材料的渗流转变发生在纳米聚并苯质量分数为16.7%-28.6%范围内, 当纳米聚并苯含量为28.6%时, 体积电阻率下降至2.09×107 Ω·cm. 另外, 阻燃性能研究结果表明, 当纳米聚并苯质量分数为23.1%时, 复合材料在空气中可以自熄, 因而可应用于矿井中抗静电阻燃塑料管道.     

Implanting Ni into N-doped puffed carbon: A new advanced electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction

Tailored design and synthesis of high-quality electrocatalysts is vital for the advancement of oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, we report a powerful puffing method to fabricate hierarchical porous N-doped carbon with numerous embedded Ni nanoparticles. Interestingly, during the puffing and annealing process, rice precursor with N and Ni sources can be in-situ converted into Ni-embedded N-doped porous carbon (N-PC/Ni) composite. The obtained N-PC/Ni composite possesses a cross-linked porous architecture containing conductive carbon backbone and active Ni nanoparticles electrocatalysts for OER. The pore formation in N-PC/Ni composite is also proposed because of carbothermic reduction. The N-PC/Ni composite is fully studied as electrocatalysts for OER. Due to increased active surface area, enhanced electronic conductivity and reactivity, the designed N-PC/Ni composite exhibits superior OER performance with a low Tafel slope (∼88 mV/dec) and a low overpotential as well as excellent long-term stability in alkaline solution. Our proposed rational design strategy may provide a new way to construct other advanced metal/heteroatom-doped composites for widespread application in electrocatalysis.     

Voltammetric determination of catechol and hydroquinone using nitrogen-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified with nickel nanoparticles

Nitrogen-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified with nickel nanoparticles (Ni/N-MWCNT) were prepared by a thermal reduction process starting from urea and Ni(II) salt in an inert atmosphere. The nanocomposite was deposited on a screen printed electrode and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analyses. The performance of the composite was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The numerous active metal sites with fast electron transfer properties result in enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards the individual and simultaneous detection of catechol (CC) and hydroquinone (HQ), best at 0.21 V for CC and 0.11 V for HQ (vs. Ag/AgCl). For both targets the detection limit (S/N of 3) was 9 nM (CC) and 11 nM (HQ), and the Ni/N-MWCNT-electrode showed linear response from 0.1–300 μM CC, and 0.3–300 μM HQ. The electrode is selective over many potentially interfering ions. It was applied to the analysis of spiked water samples and gave satisfactory recoveries. It also is sensitive for CC (5.396 μA·μM^?1 cm^?2) and HQ (5.1577 μA·μM^?1 cm^?2), highly active, durable, acceptably repeatable and highly reproducible.

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Graphical abstract Voltammetric determination of catechol and hydroquinone using nitrogen-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified with nickel nanoparticles.

     

Permanently antistatic and high transparent PMMA terpolymer: Compatilizer,antistatic agent,and the antistatic mechanism

Permanently antistatic and high transparent PMMA terpolymer, P(MMA‐co‐HPA‐co‐SPMA), were reported in this paper, providing a new method to significantly improve the antistatic properties of PMMA without sacrificing transparency. 2‐Hydroxypropyl acrylate (HPA) was chosen as a kind of compatilizer because of the good compatibility with both methyl methacrylate (MMA) and sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt (SPMA), a potential antistatic agent with a strong hydrophilic group. The mechanical and optical properties of P(MMA‐co‐HPA‐co‐SPMA) terpolymer barely show any visibly differences compared to PMMA homopolymer, confirmed through Fourier transform infrared, dynamic mechanical analysis, and a haze meter. Furthermore, antistatic property analysis indicates that only a small amount of SPMA can significantly improve the antistatic properties of the obtained PMMA terpolymers. The surface resistivity of the P(MMA‐co‐HPA‐co‐SPMA) sheets could be reduced to 10⁹ Ω sq⁻¹ order of magnitude, while the SPMA content reached 0.72 wt%. The hydrophilic groups, the hydroxyl and acrylate sulfonate, on the surface contributed to attract the water molecules, which rendered it a reasonably good antistatic property. These selected terpolymers will provide more opportunities to develop high‐performance and antistatic products made from PMMA materials.     

氮掺杂石墨烯量子点/MOF衍生多孔碳纳米片构筑高性能超级电容器

首先采用溶液法在碳布上生长Co-MOF二维纳米片,通过高温退火和刻蚀后得到MOF衍生多孔碳纳米片。以Co-MOF衍生的多孔碳纳米片/碳布(CNS/CC)作为碳基骨架,采用电化学沉积法负载高活性氮掺杂石墨烯量子点(N-GQDs),制备得到分级多孔结构的N-GQD/CNS/CC复合材料。组装成自支撑且无粘结剂的N-GQD/CNS/CC电极,当电流密度为1 A·g~(-1)时,其比电容高达423 F·g~(-1)。通过储能机制和电容贡献机制的研究表明,在碳纤维上原位生长的具有高双电层电容的CNS和表面负载具有高赝电容的N-GQDs之间相互协同作用,使得N-GQD/CNS/CC电极具有高电容性能,是一种理想的超级电容器电极材料。电极材料的高导电、分级多孔结构有利于电子的传输和电解质离子的扩散,具有良好的动力学性能,能快速充放电和具有优异的倍率特性。将电极组装成对称型超级电容器,功率密度为250 W·kg~(-1)时对应的能量密度达到7.9 Wh·kg~(-1),且经过10 000次循环后电容保持率为91.2%,说明氮掺杂石墨烯量子点/MOF衍生多孔碳纳米片复合材料是一种电化学性能稳定的具有高电容性能的全碳电极材料。