模拟轻质油品的氧化脱硫

以正庚烷为溶剂，苯并噻吩（BT）、二苯并噻吩（DBT）、4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩（4,6-DMDBT）作为模型含硫化合物组成模拟轻质油品，在H2O2-HCOOH氧化体系中对模拟轻质油品氧化脱硫进行了研究。考察了氧化剂用量、氧化温度、氧化时间及芳烃、烯烃、含氮化合物的存在等因素对BT、DBT脱除的影响。实验结果表明：在反应温度60 ℃，H2O2∶S＝7∶1（mol/mol）,H2O2∶HCOOH＝1∶1（v/v）,反应时间在40 min的条件下，4,6-DMDBT能全部脱除, DBT、BT的脱除率分别为96% 、58%。向油品中添加芳烃、烯烃、含氮化合物等对BT、DBT的脱除均有不同程度的影响。     

H2WO4/GO的制备及其超声-氧化脱除模拟油中的硫化物

以钨酸和氧化石墨烯为原料,利用浸渍法将钨酸负载到氧化石墨烯上制得H₂WO₄/GO。采用XRD、FT-IR、SEM、BET表征确定H₂WO₄/GO的形态及其结构。以H₂WO₄/GO作为催化剂,H₂O₂作为氧化剂,乙腈作为萃取剂超声氧化脱除模拟油中的二苯并噻吩（DBT）。实验表明,在模拟油为5 mL,钨酸的负载量为30%（质量分数）,催化剂为0.02 g,乙腈为1 mL,H₂O₂/S（mol ratio）为8,反应温度为50℃,超声功率为150 W的最佳反应条件下,二苯并噻吩（DBT）、4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩（4,6-DMDBT）、苯并噻吩（BT）的脱除率分别达到96.6%、81.2%、72.8%。同时,考察了催化剂的循环使用性能,并对超声氧化脱硫机理进行了研究。     

过氧磷钨酸催化氧化脱除模拟油中的含硫化合物

考察了以H₂O₂为氧化剂, 过氧磷钨酸为催化剂催化氧化脱除模拟油中的含硫化合物苯并噻吩(BT)和二苯并噻吩(DBT). 讨论了催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间和剂油体积比等因素对反应的影响. 实验结果表明, 当催化剂用量为0.48%(质量分数), V(H₂O₂)∶V(Oil)=1∶50, 反应时间为60 min, 反应温度为60 ℃时, BT的脱除率达到96.48%, DBT的脱除率达到99.42%. 动力学研究结果表明, 过氧磷钨酸为催化剂的氧化脱除模拟油中的含硫化合物的反应为表观一级反应.     

一步法制备含W介孔碳材料及其氧化脱硫性能研究

以钨酸钠为钨源,以乙二胺四乙酸二钠为碳源经过高温煅烧制备了含W的介孔碳材料,采用XRD、SEM、FT-IR、BET对含钨的介孔碳材料进行表征。结果表明,煅烧后介孔碳材料的表面形成了粒状含有结晶水的氧化钨(WO_3·H_2O)。相比于纯的介孔碳材料,含钨介孔碳材料的总比表面积减小。以含W介孔碳材料为催化剂,H_2O_2作为氧化剂,1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氟硼酸盐([BMIM][BF_4])离子液体作为萃取剂,组成萃取-催化氧化脱硫体系(ECODS)并研究其对模拟油中二苯并噻吩脱除效果。考察了氧化钨负载量、反应温度、H_2O_2加入量、催化剂用量、离子液体用量以及不同类型硫化物对二苯并噻吩脱除的影响。在最佳反应条件下,催化剂对二苯并噻吩(DBT)、4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩(4,6-DMDBT)、苯并噻吩(BT)、噻吩(TH)和真实汽油的脱除率分别达到98.6%、65.6%、61.2%、57.8%和64.3%。催化剂回收利用五次之后脱硫率略有降低,仍高达95.2%。     

模拟油品氧化脱硫及反应动力学研究

在H₂O₂/WO₃/ZrO₂氧化体系中对以甲苯为溶剂、二苯并噻吩(DBT)为模型含硫化合物的模拟油品(硫的质量分数为1540×10^-6)进行了氧化脱硫研究,考察了反应温度、反应时间、氧化剂加入量、催化剂用量对DBT转化率的影响。实验结果表明,在反应温度50℃,反应时间90min,氧化剂加入量油/H₂O₂的体积比为20∶1和催化剂用量0.02g/mL的适宜氧化脱硫条件下,96%以上的DBT氧化为容易分离脱除的二苯并噻吩砜(DBTOs);同时研究了DBT氧化反应动力学,得知DBT氧化反应为一级反应,表观活化能E_a为55.37kJ/mol,指前因子A为3.35×10⁷min^-1。     

EMIES/p-TsOH型低共熔溶剂的合成及其氧化脱硫性能的研究

通过1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸乙酯离子液体（EMIES）和对甲苯磺酸（p-TsOH）的混合物制备EMIES/p-TsOH型低共熔溶剂。其结构特征通过红外光谱、氢谱和热重技术进行了分析。并以EMIES/p-TsOH作为催化剂与萃取剂,H₂O₂作为氧化剂研究了其对模拟油中的硫化物的脱除性能。考察了反应温度、n（H₂O₂）/n（S）比、低共熔溶剂加入量及硫化物类型对脱硫效果的影响。在最佳的条件下,模拟油中二苯并噻吩（DBT）、4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩（4,6-DMDBT）和苯并噻吩（BT）的脱除率分别为96.2%、92.2%和88.8%。经过五次循环使用后,DBT的脱除率仍达到93.6%。对该脱硫体系进行了动力学分析,其表观活化能为66.4kJ/mol。     

溴氧化铋/石墨烯可见光下光催化氧化脱硫的研究（英文）

采用水热法制备了BiOBr/石墨光催化剂,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、固体荧光(PL)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-visDRS)等方法对其进行表征。以二苯并噻吩的环己烷溶液为模拟油品,考察反应温度、石墨烯负载量和氧化剂H_2O_2用量等条件对BiOBr/石墨光催化氧化脱除模拟油中DBT的性能的影响,不同模型化合物的光催化活性为DBT4,6-DMDBTBT,根据实验结果提出了BiOBr/石墨光催化剂氧化DBT的机理。     

添加磷钨酸的离子液体萃取催化氧化脱硫研究

研究了以3-辛基-1-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液体(C_8mimBF_4)为萃取剂,磷钨酸(H_3PW_(12)O_(40))为催化剂,质量分数为30%的过氧化氢(H_2O_2)为氧化剂,将模拟油中的特征硫化物苯并噻吩(BT)氧化成相应砜类物质的萃取催化氧化脱硫(ECODS)过程。通过正交试验确定其最佳反应条件:反应温度40℃、氧硫摩尔比8:1、H_3PW_(12)O_(40)与硫摩尔比8:100、萃取剂与模拟油体积比1:10、反应时间60min,在此条件下BT模拟油的脱硫率可达95.72%。同时在最佳反应条件下考察了该ECODS体系对其他类型硫化物为底物的模拟油的脱硫性能,实验结果表明几乎可以完全除去二苯并噻吩(DBT)和4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩(4,6-DMDBT)。由正交试验极差可知,各因素对BT模拟油ECODS影响的优先顺序为:催化剂用量反应时间反应温度氧硫摩尔比剂油比。动力学实验结果表明BT氧化符合拟一级动力学模型,并计算了反应速率常数和半衰期。     

活性炭负载TiO2光催化氧化二苯并噻吩的研究

以活性炭负载的TiO2为光催化剂,H2O2为氧化剂,30W紫外灯为光源,对含二苯并噻吩（DBT）的模型硫化物进行光催化氧化脱硫研究。考察了TiO2的煅烧温度、负载量、催化剂用量、H2O2用量和光照时间对DBT去除率的影响。实验结果表明,用溶胶 凝胶法制备的TiO2 /活性炭催化剂对DBT具有很好的光催化效果。最佳反应条件为,催化剂煅烧温度400℃,TiO2的负载量为32％,催化剂用量0.7g/100mL, H2O2最佳用量为10mL,即O/S（摩尔比）为14。在最佳反应条件下,光照时间8h,DBT去除率为90％, 此反应为一级动力学反应。     

用Dawson型聚氧钨酸乳液催化氧化燃油超深度脱硫

合成了Dawson型聚氧钨酸乳液催化剂Q18P2W18,Q18P2W17,和Q18P2W12.采用红外光谱和固体核磁技术对其进行了表征,并用于温和条件下H2O2氧化4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩(4,6-DMDBT)、二苯并噻吩(DBT)、苯并噻吩(BT)和2,5-二甲基噻吩(2,5-DMT)等含硫化合物的反应中.结果表明,...     

Effect of the nature of sulfur compounds on their reactivity in the oxidative desulfurization of hydrocarbon fuels with oxygen over a modified CuZnAlO catalyst

The reactivity of thiophene, dibenzothiophene (DBT), and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT), which are the representatives of the main classes of sulfur compounds that are the constituents of diesel fractions, was studied in the course of their oxidative desulfurization with oxygen on a CuO/ZnO/Al₂O₃ catalyst modified with boron and molybdenum additives. At T ≥ 375°C, the reactivity increased in the order thiophene < DBT < 4,6-DMDBT. The degree of sulfur removal in the form of SO₂ from hydrocarbon fuel, which was simulated by a solution of 4,6-DMDBT in toluene, was 80%. Under the assumption of a first order reaction with respect to sulfur compound and oxygen, the apparent activation energies of the test processes were calculated. An attempt was made to reveal the role of the adsorption of sulfur compounds in the overall process of oxidative desulfurization with the use of X-ray diffraction analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and differential thermal and thermogravimetric analysis with the massspectrometric monitoring of gas phase composition.     

Macroporous 3D carbon-nitrogen (CN) confined MoOx catalyst for enhanced oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene

Macroporous 3D carbon doped with nitrogen confined Mo catalyst (MoO_x@CN) had been prepared by a facile one-step pyrolysis technique using silica as a template and was employed for oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) in model fuel with H₂O₂ as oxidant. The effect of different operating conditions (i.e., reaction temperature and time, catalyst dosage, H₂O₂/DBT (O/S) molar ratio) were also systematic investigated. Under the optimal reaction condition, MoO_x@CN catalyst exhibited highly excellent ODS performance toward DBT, the highest sulfur removal efficiency can be up to 99.9% and sulfur content was wiped out from 800 ppm to 10 ppm. Due to the robust 3D structure promoting rapid transfer, in addition to the increased number of active sites induced by the Mo vacancies, the catalyst, prepared using chitosan and ammonium heptamolybdate in a mass ratio of 1:0.5, displayed rapid kinetics and low activation energy in the oxidation of dibenzothiophene. Moreover, it exhibited excellent recyclability after five cycles without any obvious decrease in catalytic activity for the oxidative desulfurization reaction.     

Highly efficient extraction and oxidative desulfurization system using Na7H2LaW10O36⋅32 H2O in [bmim]BF4 at room temperature

Highly efficient, deep desulfurization of model oil containing dibenzothiophene (DBT), benzothiophene (BT), or 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) has been achieved under mild conditions by using an extraction and catalytic oxidative desulfurization system (ECODS) in which a lanthanide-containing polyoxometalate Na(7)H(2)LnW(10)O(36)?32?H(2)O (LnW(10); Ln = Eu, La) acts as catalyst, [bmim]BF(4) (bmim = 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium) as extractant, and H(2)O(2) as oxidant. Sulfur removal follows the order DBT>4,6-DMDBT>BT at 30?°C. DBT can be completely oxidized to the corresponding sulfone in 25?min under mild conditions, and the LaW(10)/[bmim]BF(4) system could be recycled for ten times with only slight decrease in activity. Thus, LaW(10) in [bmim]BF(4) is one of the most efficient systems for desulfurization using ionic liquids as extractant reported so far.     

DESs/SG催化剂的制备及其氧化脱硫性能

通过溶胶-凝胶法将脯氨酸基低共熔溶剂负载到硅胶上制得DESs/SG型催化剂。采用FT-IR、XRD、SEM/EDS及N_2吸附-脱附等手段对催化剂的结构进行表征。结果发现,低共熔溶剂可以成功负载到硅胶中,硅胶的比表面积和孔体积有所下降,而孔径增大。以DESs/SG为吸附剂和催化剂,H_2O_2为氧化剂,研究其对模拟油中的二苯并噻吩的脱除性能,考察了低共熔溶剂负载量、反应温度、n(H_2O_2)/n(S)比、催化剂用量、含硫化合物的类型以及催化剂循环使用次数对脱硫效率的影响。结果表明,在最优脱硫条件下,DESs/SG对二苯并噻吩、4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩和苯并噻吩的脱硫率分别为97%、96. 5%和46. 4%;催化剂循环使用九次后,催化脱硫效率仍高达89. 4%。     

从三聚氰胺制得工业用深度脱硫的绿色纳米催化剂PMoV/Fe3O4/g-C3N4: 合成与表征

采用简便的化学浸渍法制备了新型磁性可分离的纳米复合物H5PMo10V2O40/Fe3O4/g-C3N4(PMoV/Fe3O4/g-C3N4),并进行了详细的表征,采用电位滴定法测定了催化剂酸性.该PMoV/Fe3O4/g-C3N4纳米复合物在硫化物选择氧化为砜或亚砜的反应中表现出较高的催化活性;考察了在优化反应条件下,它在含硫(包括二苯并噻吩DBT)模拟油或真实石油的催化氧化反应中的催化性能;特别考察了各种含氮化合物,以及1-环和2-环芳香烃作为共溶剂对DBT脱硫效果的影响.采用外加磁场即可方便地将该催化剂从反应混合物中分离和回收.选取最好的萃取剂,通过简单的倾滤就可很容易地将剩余反应物从产物中分离出来.该纳米催化剂具有高催化活性,且容易重复使用,至少可以重复使用4次而未见催化活性明显下降.     

Deep desulfurization of diesel by selective oxidation using amphiphilic paradodecatungstate catalyst

An amphiphilic paradodecatungstate catalyst, [(C₁₈H₃₇)₂N(CH₃)₂]₉[NaH₂W₁₂O₄₂] was prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–visible spectrum, differential thermal analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. The amphiphilic catalyst exhibits very high catalytic activity that dibenzothiophene (DBT) in model diesel can be oxidized into dibenzothiophene sulfones using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. The reactivity of sulfur compounds decreased in the order of DBT > 4,6-DMDBT > BT > 5-MBT. The reaction rates of these sulfur compounds are sensitive to the electron density on sulfur atoms and the steric hindrance of the substituted groups of sulfur compounds. The sulfur level of a commercial diesel after desulfurization can drop from 200 ppm to about 12 ppm.     

杂多酸离子液体催化燃油萃取氧化脱硫性能研究

本文首次将一系列含有不同酸性咪唑阳离子和不同杂多酸阴离子的杂多酸离子液体[C4mim]3PW12O40、[COOH-Cmim] 3PW12O40、[SO3H-C3mim]3PW12O40、[SO3H-C3mim]3PMo12O40和[SO3H-C3mim]4 SiW12O40作为催化剂,乙腈为萃取剂,H2O2为氧化剂,用于催化含二苯并噻吩、苯并噻吩及噻吩模型油的萃取氧化脱硫研究中.实验结果显示,杂多酸离子液体催化燃油脱硫性能不仅与阳离子的酸性强弱有关,而且与阴离子结构密切相关.阳离子的催化活性顺序为:[SO3H-C3mim]+＞[COOH-Cmim]+＞[C4mim]+;阴离子的催化活性顺序为PW12O403-＞ PMo12O403-＞ SiW12O404-.其中[SO3H-C3 mim]3 PW12O40催化活性最高,在60℃反应40min的条件下,二苯并噻吩的转化率约为100％,催化不同硫化物的转化率为:二苯并噻吩＞苯并噻吩＞噻吩.此外,该杂多酸离子液体循环使用5次催化活性仅略有下降.     

Deep extractive desulfurization of diesel fuels by FeCl3/ionic liquids

The extractive desulfurization of dibenzothiophene（DBT）,benzothiophene（BT）,and 4,6-dimethyldi-benzothiophene （4,6-DMDBT） in model oil was carried out using anhydrous FeCl₃ and 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride system（[Omim|Cl·2FeCl₃）.This new system exhibited high extractive efficiency and the sulfur removal of DBT in model oil(V_IL/V_oil=1/20) could reach 99.4%at room temperature for 30 min,which was obviously superior to single[Omim]Cl as extractant（22.9%）.When the[Omim|CI·2FeCl₃ was used,the S-removal of 4,6-DMDBT and BT could also be up to 99.3%and 96.2%, respectively.Moreover,the ionic liquid could be recycled five times without a significant decrease in extractive ability.