甘氨酸离子液体[C3mim][Gly]和[C4mim][Gly]水溶液的表面张力

本文用中和法合成了基于烷基咪唑的甘氨酸离子液体[C3mim][Gly]（1-丙基-3-甲基咪唑甘氨酸离子液体）和[c4miml[Gly]（1-丁基-3．甲基咪唑甘氨酸离子液体）,在298．15K下,0．0400-0．5000molkg^-1浓度范围内测定了不同浓度[C4mim][Oly]和[c3mim][Gly]离子液体水溶液的密度和表面张力,得到了溶液等张比容的实验值,提出了预测不同浓度溶液等张比容的经验方程,利用这个经验方程和李以圭等人提出的溶液表面张力模型,分别估算了这两种离子液体水溶液的表面张力,其估算值和实验值在误差范围内很好地吻合．     

辣根过氧化物酶在亲水性离子液体中的活性与稳定性研究

基于辣根过氧化物酶对过氧化氢氧化愈创木酚这个显色反应的催化作用,研究了辣根过氧化物酶在七种亲水性离子液体[C2mim][BF4]、[C4mim][BF4]、[C6mim][BF4]、[C4mim]HSO4、[C4mim]Cl、[C4mim]NO3、[C4mim][CF3CO2]中的活性与稳定性变化.结果表明辣根过氧化物酶在不同离子液体中均有不同程度的失活,辣根过氧化物酶活性随离子液体极性增强而降低.辣根过氧化物酶在含[C4mim]Cl离子液体的介质中,随着温度升高,[C4mim]Cl对辣根过氧化物酶的失活过程起加速作用,离子液体浓度越高,酶的热稳定性越差.紫外-可见光谱研究表明,在含[Cnmim][BF4]、[C4mim]HSO4、[C4mim]Cl、[C4mim]NO3的介质中,辣根过氧化物酶血红素中心最大吸收峰没有发生变化,但吸收值增强,证明离子液体使酶的血红素基团暴露于介质中而增强了吸收;而在含[C4mim][CF3CO2]的介质中,辣根过氧化物酶血红素基团最大吸收峰区发生蓝移,证明有部分血红素基团被离子液体破坏而脱落.     

离子液体[C2mim][GaCl4]的溶解热研究

在干燥氩气氛下, 用等摩尔的高纯无水GaCl3和[C2mim][Cl](氯化1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑)直接搅拌混合, 制备了淡黄色透明的的离子液体[C2mim][GaCl4] (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chlorogallate) . 在298.15 K下, 利用具有恒温环境的溶解反应热量计, 测定了这种离子液体的不同浓度摩尔溶解焓 . 针对[C2mim][GaCl4]溶解于水后即分解的特点, 在Pitzer电解质溶液理论基础上, 提出了确定这种离子液体标准摩尔溶解焓的新方法, 得到了[C2mim][GaCl4]在水中的标准摩尔溶解焓, ＝－132 kJ•mol－1, 以及Pitzer焓参数组合: ＝－0.1373076和 ＝0.3484209. 借助热力学循环和Glasser离子液体晶格能理论, 用Ga3＋, Cl－和[C2mim]—的离子水化焓数据以及本文得到的[C2mim][GaCl4]标准摩尔溶解焓, 估算了配离子4Cl－(g)解离成Ga3＋(g)和4Cl－(g)的解离焓ΔHdis([GaCl4]-)≈5855 kJ•mol－1. 这个结果揭示了离子液体[C2mim][GaCl4]的标准摩尔溶解焓绝对值并不很大的原因, 即是很大的离子水化焓被很大的[GaCl4]－(g)的解离焓相互抵消了.     

过渡金属离子液体[C2mim][FeCl4]的溶解热

在干燥氩气氛下, 用等摩尔的高纯无水FeCl3和氯化1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑([C2mim][Cl])直接搅拌混合, 制备棕色透明的含过渡金属铁的离子液体[C2mim][FeCl4]. 在298.15 K下, 利用具有恒温环境的溶解反应热量计测定了这种离子液体的摩尔溶解焓(ΔsHm). 针对[C2mim][FeCl4]溶解于水后即分解的特点, 在Pitzer电解质溶液理论基础上, 提出了确定这种离子液体标准摩尔溶解焓的新方法, 得到了[C2mim][FeCl4]的标准摩尔溶解焓(ΔsH 0—m=-76.6 kJ/mol), 以及Pitzer焓参数组合: β(0)LFe,Cl+β(0)L[C2mim], Cl+ΦLFe,[C2mim]=0.072209和β(1)LFe,Cl+β(1)L[C2mim], Cl=0.15527. 借助热力学循环和Glasser离子液体晶格能理论, 用Fe3+, Cl-和[C2mim]+的离子水化焓数据以及[C2mim][FeCl4]标准摩尔溶解焓, 估算得到了配离子[FeCl4]-(g)解离成Fe3+(g)和4Cl-(g)的解离焓为5659 kJ/mol. 这个结果揭示了离子液体[C2mim][FeCl4]的标准摩尔溶解焓绝对值并不很大的原因, 即很大的离子水化焓被很大的[FeCl4]-(g)的解离焓相互抵消.     

氨基酸基咪唑离子液体氧化萃取脱硫研究

通过离子交换法制备以天冬氨酸(Asp)、组氨酸(His)、甘氨酸(Gly)、色氨酸(Try)为阴离子的氨基酸咪唑离子液体,与H_2O_2协同深度去除模拟汽油中的二苯并噻吩(DBT)。对合成的氨基酸咪唑离子液体进行了FT-IR、1H NMR表征,并优化氧化脱硫工艺条件。结果表明,与以组氨酸、甘氨酸和色氨酸作为离子液体的阴离子相比,天冬氨酸作为阴离子时,离子液体与H_2O_2体系的催化萃取脱硫效果最好。通过对反应温度、H_2O_2/模拟油体积比和反应时间的工艺优化,探讨了[C_8mim]Asp和H_2O_2催化萃取脱硫的效果,最优工艺条件下,脱硫率可达96.5%。[C_8mim]Asp离子液体再生循环7次后脱硫率仍能保持在93.7%。对[C_8mim]Asp和H_2O_2协同催化脱硫机理的研究发现,[C_8mim]Asp的羧基与双氧水反应成过氧化羧基,将二苯并噻吩氧化成为二苯并噻吩砜,从而达到脱硫的目的。     

咪唑基离子液体的物理化学性质估算及预测(英文)

根据经验和半经验方程及空隙模型理论,可以估算及预测离子液体在298.15K的物理化学性质.本文讨论了离子液体的分子体积,密度,标准熵,晶格能,表面张力,等张比容,摩尔蒸发焓,空隙体积,空隙率和热膨胀系数.通过实验测得的三种离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸乙酯([C2mim][EtSO4)]),1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸辛酯([C4mim][OcSO4])和1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑双三氟甲磺酰亚胺盐([C2mim][NTf2])的密度和表面张力估算了它们的其它物理化学性质.由这三种离子液体的分子体积及等张比容预测了同系列中其它离子液体[Cnmim][EtSO4],[Cnmim][OcSO4]和[Cnmim][NTf2](n=1-6)的分子体积及等张比容,由此计算出它们的密度及表面张力.进而预测了它们的物理化学性质.将预测的离子液体[C4mim][NTf2]和[C2mim][OcSO4]的密度值与文献报导的实验值进行比较,其偏差在实验误差范围内.最后,将由Kabo经验方程计算的七个离子液体[C2mim][EtSO4]、[C4mim][OcSO4]、[C2mim][NTf2]、[C4mim][NTf2]、丁基三甲基铵双三氟甲磺酰亚胺盐([N4111][NTf2])、甲基三辛基铵双三氟甲磺酰亚胺盐([N8881][NTf2])和1-辛基-3-甲基吡啶四氟硼酸盐([m3opy][BF4])的摩尔蒸发焓与由Verevkin简单规则预测的摩尔蒸发焓进行比较,发现两者符合很好.因此,在缺乏密度和表面张力实验数据的情况下,可以用Verevkin简单规则来预测离子液体的摩尔蒸发焓.     

1-乙胺基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐吸收CO_2的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)对离子液体1-乙胺基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([NH2e-mim][BF4])吸收CO_2的反应机理进行了研究.在B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)计算水平下,对离子液体[NH2e-mim][BF4]的结构及与CO_2反应的中间体、过渡态和产物进行了全优化,获得了优化结构的构型参数、振动频率和热力学数据.利用自然键轨道(NBO)分析了离子液体[NH2e-mim][BF4]和CO_2的自然电荷布居.计算结果表明,通过阳离子[NH2e-mim]+自偶解离产生的阳离子[NH3e-mim]2+能与阴离子[BF4]-结合形成更强的离子键.根据反应吉布斯自由能变(ΔG0—)和焓变(ΔH0—)的计算结果,判断离子液体[NH2e-mim][BF4]吸收CO_2按理论摩尔比2∶1分步进行反应,吸收过程中质子的转移需克服52.51 k J/mol的能垒.     

[C_4mim][PF_6]和[C_4mim][NTf_2]离子液体辐射诱导的相行为及荧光行为变化

离子液体因其低挥发性,高热稳定性及优良的萃取性能被认为是萃取分离放射性核素的新一代绿色溶剂,而研究离子液体本身的辐射效应是其实际应用的重要前提.本文以~(60)Co为辐射源,系统研究了γ辐照对两种常见的憎水性咪唑离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([C_4mim][PF_6])和1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑三氟甲基磺酰胺酸盐([C_4mim][NTf_2])的相行为及荧光行为的影响.在相行为方面,γ辐照使离子液体的结晶驰豫时间增加,导致其低温结晶延迟.在荧光行为方面,γ辐照后离子液体的荧光光谱保持原有的"红边效应(red edge effect)",但随吸收剂量增加,光谱整体发生红移(最大移动幅度达150 nm).并且这种"红边效应"在辐照后离子液体的乙腈稀释剂中仍然存在,且随稀释倍数增加光谱整体发生蓝移.[C_4mim][PF_6]和[C_4mim][NTf_2]离子液体辐照后的这种相行为及荧光行为的变化可归因于辐照对其阴阳离子空间相关性(缔合行为)的影响.     

疏水性离子液体萃取光甘草定

选择了疏水性的离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([C4mim][PF6])和亲水性的离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([C4mim][BF4])作萃取剂,对光甘草定提取液进行了萃取,并对离子液体的再生进行了研究。结果表明,亲水性的离子液体和光甘草定提取液无法分层,而疏水性的离子液体分层清晰,并得疏水性离子液体[C4mim][PF6]萃取光甘草定最佳萃取工艺条件为:相体积比为1∶2.5(V/V),pH值为7,萃取温度为45℃,萃取时间为30 min,此时光甘草定的萃取率达85.49%。离子液体再生选用2 mol.L-1氢氧化钠和无水乙醇混合液做反萃剂,可得光甘草定的回收率大于90%,离子液体循环使用5次,萃取率未见明显下降。     

离子液体表面活性剂烷基硫酸1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓盐的合成及其在水溶液中的聚集行为

采用离子交换法,由氯化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓(C_4mimCl)和烷基硫酸钠合成了一系列无卤素的阴离子表面活性离子液体—烷基硫酸1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓盐[C_4mim][C_nH_(2n+1)SO_4](n=8,12,16),利用表面张力仪、稳态荧光光谱等手段考察了表面活性离子液体在水溶液表面及体相中的聚集行为。结果表明,与传统无机反离子相比,有机咪唑阳离子[C_4mim]~+作为反离子的离子液体型表面活性剂具有较高的表面活性,[C_4mim]~+产生的氢键引起的抑制分子规则排列的作用小于其促进分子有序排列的疏水作用。长烷基链的阴离子是界面膜及胶束的主要组成成分,阴离子疏水烷基碳链的增长虽然可促进胶束的形成,但却在一定程度上抑制[C_4mim]~+参与界面或胶束的形成;阴离子所带烷基链越长,越不利于阳离子[C_4mim]~+参与界面膜或胶束的形成,界面膜或胶束中表面活性剂排布越松散,即界面张力越大,体系中胶束聚集数较小。     

Ideal gas solubilities and solubility selectivities in a binary mixture of room-temperature ionic liquids

This study focuses on the solubility behaviors of CO2, CH4, and N2 gases in binary mixtures of imidazolium-based room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C2mim][Tf2N]) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C2mim][BF4]) at 40 degrees C and low pressures (approximately 1 atm). The mixtures tested were 0, 25, 50, 75, 90, 95, and 100 mol % [C2mim][BF4] in [C2mim][Tf2N]. Results show that regular solution theory (RST) can be used to describe the gas solubility and selectivity behaviors in RTIL mixtures using an average mixture solubility parameter or an average measured mixture molar volume. Interestingly, the solubility selectivity, defined as the ratio of gas mole fractions in the RTIL mixture, of CO2 with N2 or CH4 in pure [C2mim][BF4] can be enhanced by adding 5 mol % [C2mim][Tf2N].     

Supported absorption of CO2 by tetrabutylphosphonium amino acid ionic liquids

A new type of "task specific ionic liquid", tetrabutylphosphonium amino acid [P(C4)4][AA], was synthesized by the reaction of tetrabutylphosphonium hydroxide [P(C4)4][OH] with amino acids, including glycine, L-alanine, L-beta-alanine, L-serine, and L-lysine. The liquids produced were characterized by NMR, IR spectroscopies, and elemental analysis, and their thermal decomposition temperature, glass transition temperature, electrical conductivity, density, and viscosity were recorded in detail. The [P(C4)4][AA] supported on porous silica gel effected fast and reversible CO2 absorption when compared with bubbling CO2 into the bulk of the ionic liquid. No changes in absorption capacity and kinetics were found after four cycles of absorption/desorption. The CO2 absorption capacity at equilibrium was 50 mol % of the ionic liquids. In the presence of water (1 wt %), the ionic liquids could absorb equimolar amounts of CO2. The CO2 absorption mechanisms of the ionic liquids with and without water were different.     

Nanostructural organization and anion effects in the optical Kerr effect spectra of binary ionic liquid mixtures

This article reports a study of the effect of anions on the optical Kerr effect (OKE) spectra of binary ionic liquid mixtures with one mixture comprising the 3-methyl-1-pentylimidazolium ([C 5mim] (+)) cation and the anions PF 6 (-) and CF 3CO 2 (-) (TFA (-)), and another mixture comprising the [C 5mim] (+) cation and the anions Br (-) and bis(trifluomethanesulfonyl)imide (NTf 2 (-)). The spectra were obtained by the use of optical heterodyne-detected Raman-induced Kerr Effect Spectroscopy at 295 K. The OKE spectra of the mixtures are compared with the calculated mole-fraction weighted sum of the normalized OKE spectra of the neat liquids. The OKE spectra are nearly additive for [C 5mim]Br/[C 5mim][NTf 2] mixtures, but nonadditive for [C 5mim][PF 6]/[C 5mim][TFA] mixtures. In the case of the equimolar [C 5mim][PF 6]/[C 5mim][TFA] mixture, the nonadditivity is such that the experimental OKE spectrum is narrower than the calculated OKE spectrum. The additivity or nonadditivity of OKE spectra for IL mixtures can be explained by assuming ionic liquids are nanostructurally organized into nonpolar regions and ionic networks. The ionic networks in mixtures will be characterized by "random co-networks" for anions that are nearly the same in size (PF 6 (-) and TFA (-)) and by "block co-networks" for anions that differ greatly in size (Br (-) and NTf 2 (-)).     

甲基咪唑甲酸盐离子液体中MMA的原子转移自由基聚合

离子液体（Ils）是完全由正负离子组成且常温下呈液态的有机盐.离子液体几乎没有可测量的蒸汽压,具有不可燃,热容量大,热稳定性好等优点,并且对有机物,无机物,金属有机物,聚酯等均有很好的溶解能力,近几年来,在各种化学反应中,作为“绿色溶剂”使用的室温离子液体由于其独特的性质受到了越来越多的重视。     

杂多酸离子液体催化燃油萃取氧化脱硫性能研究

本文首次将一系列含有不同酸性咪唑阳离子和不同杂多酸阴离子的杂多酸离子液体[C4mim]3PW12O40、[COOH-Cmim] 3PW12O40、[SO3H-C3mim]3PW12O40、[SO3H-C3mim]3PMo12O40和[SO3H-C3mim]4 SiW12O40作为催化剂,乙腈为萃取剂,H2O2为氧化剂,用于催化含二苯并噻吩、苯并噻吩及噻吩模型油的萃取氧化脱硫研究中.实验结果显示,杂多酸离子液体催化燃油脱硫性能不仅与阳离子的酸性强弱有关,而且与阴离子结构密切相关.阳离子的催化活性顺序为:[SO3H-C3mim]+＞[COOH-Cmim]+＞[C4mim]+;阴离子的催化活性顺序为PW12O403-＞ PMo12O403-＞ SiW12O404-.其中[SO3H-C3 mim]3 PW12O40催化活性最高,在60℃反应40min的条件下,二苯并噻吩的转化率约为100％,催化不同硫化物的转化率为:二苯并噻吩＞苯并噻吩＞噻吩.此外,该杂多酸离子液体循环使用5次催化活性仅略有下降.     

The Highly Efficient Absorption of CO 2 by a Novel DBU Based Ionic Liquid

A novel anion-functionalized protic ionic liquid (IL), [DBUH][Triz], has been synthesized from 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) and 1,2,4-triazole (Triz). Density (ρ) and viscosity (η) of [DBUH][Triz] at different temperatures have been measured and the influence of temperature has been analyzed quantitatively. Then, the applications of [DBUH][Triz] in CO2 absorption have been investigated. It has been detected that this ionic liquid, which was easily prepared, shows excellent reversibility and a high absorption capacity, about 1.5 mol CO2 per 1 mol of IL (about 0.3 g CO2 per 1 g of IL). In addition, the influence of temperature, pressure and moisture on the absorption performance of [DBUH][Triz] has been studied separately, indicating that absorption is promoted by lower temperature and higher CO2 pressure. In addition, the mechanism of chemical absorption at two active sites has been deduced based on quantum-chemical calculations and 13C NMR spectra coupled with IR spectra. Furthermore, the equilibrium constant of chemical absorption (K) was calculated from the CO2 capacity at different temperatures (T) and a good linear relationship between the natural logarithm of the equilibrium constant ln K and 1/T was obtained with R2 of 0.996. From the slope and intercept of the fitted straight line, the molar reaction enthalpy change (ΔrHm) and molar reaction entropy change (ΔrSm) were analyzed, indicating that the capture of CO2 is an exothermic process and the IL–CO2 complex is less ordered than the pure ionic liquid.     

1-正辛基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐离子液体对聚砜分离膜的结构控制及其作用机理

以1-正辛基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐[C8mim][PF6]作为膜结构控制剂,采用相转化法制备具有不同孔结构的聚砜分离膜.随着[C8mim][PF6]含量的增大,聚砜膜的孔结构从典型的不对称指状孔结构、高度拉长的大孔结构、典型的大空穴,变化至海绵状孔结构,离子液体[C8mim][PF6]在聚砜膜制备中表现出孔结构控制、增塑作用.通过能谱分析表明,[C8mim][PF6]在所制备的聚砜膜中存在部分的保留,通过水与聚砜膜表面接触角的测定,[C8mim][PF6]在聚砜膜中的残留提高了膜的亲水性能.基于相分离过程的基本理论,探讨了疏水性[C8mim][PF6]在铸膜液相分离过程中孔结构形成的作用机理.研究表明,[C8mim][PF6]在铸膜液中含量越高,对于相分离的延时效应越大,体系更易发生延时分相.     

A general strategy for the experimental study of the thermochemistry of protic ionic liquids: enthalpy of formation and vaporisation of 1-methylimidazolium ethanoate

A general strategy to determine enthalpies of formation of protic ionic liquids, based solely on enthalpy of solution measurements, was conceived and tested for 1-methylimidazolium ethanoate, leading to Δ(f)H°(m){[Hmim][O(2)CCH(3)], 1} = -(425.7 ± 1.2) kJ mol(-1). This result in conjunction with the enthalpy of formation of gaseous 1-methylimidazole (mim) proposed in this work, Δ(f)H°(m)(mim, g) = 126.5 ± 1.1 kJ mol(-1), and Δ(f)H°(m)(CH(3)COOH, g) taken from the literature, allowed the calculation of the enthalpy of the vaporisation process [Hmim][O(2)CCH(3)](l) → mim(g) + CH(3)COOH(g) as Δ(vap)H°(m){[Hmim][O(2)CCH(3)]} = 119.4 ± 3.0 kJ mol(-1). The agreement between this value and Δ(vap)H°(m){[Hmim][O(2)CCH(3)]} = 117.3 ± 0.5 kJ mol(-1), obtained for the direct vaporisation of [Hmim][O(2)CCH(3)], by Calvet-drop microcalorimetry, gives a good indication that, as previously suggested by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, and GC-MS experiments, the vaporisation of [Hmim][O(2)CCH(3)] essentially involves a proton transfer mechanism with formation of the two volatile neutral precursor molecules (mim and CH(3)COOH). Although being a low ionicity protic ionic liquid, [Hmim][O(2)CCH(3)] was chosen to validate the methodology proposed here, since its vaporisation mechanism has been unequivocally demonstrated by different methods and for different pressure ranges.