Cu~0/2,2''''-联吡啶/CCl_4和CuCl_2/2,2''''-联吡啶/偶氮二异丁腈催化引发体系中的苯乙烯“活性”自由基乳液聚合研究

分别以Ｃｕ０／２ ,２′联吡啶（Ｂｐｙ） 和ＣｕＣｌ２／Ｂｐｙ 配合物为催化剂,ＣＣｌ４ 和偶氮二异丁腈（ＡＩＢＮ） 为引发剂,较为详细地研究了苯乙烯的原子转移自由基乳液聚合规律．结果表明：其乳液聚合体系均显示出了“活性”聚合的基本特征,即数均分子量与转化率呈线性关系,但聚合反应一经引发,聚合物的分子量就达数万,且分子量约为理论值的５ 至２０ 倍;Ｃｕ０／Ｂｐｙ／ＣＣｌ４ 体系的ＭＷＤ 与本体聚合相当,而ＣｕＣｌ２／Ｂｐｙ／ＡＩＢＮ 体系的ＭＷＤ 比其本体聚合体系大,最小为１－６４ ;研究Ｃｕ０／Ｂｐｙ／ＣＣｌ４ 体系发现,乳液聚合与悬浮聚合在“活性”特征上没有本质的区别,但两者在动力学上有些差异;跟踪乳液聚合过程中的ｐＨ 值发现,体系中的ｐＨ 值随反应时间的延长呈下降趋势,并可能影响聚合速率．     

氢自由基捕捉剂对苯乙烯超声引发乳液聚合的影响

研究了微量CCl4对超声引发苯乙烯乳液聚合的影响.随着CCl4含量增加,聚合速率先增加后降低.在CCl4存在下H2O2产率增加,pH值与所得聚合物分子量降低和无挥发性氢自由基捕捉剂对超声引发苯乙烯乳液聚合的影响表明了CCl4使超声引发苯乙烯乳液聚合速率提高的原因在于CCl4能进入空化泡内捕捉氢自由基,使反应体系的自由基浓度增高.但在超声引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯乳液聚合体系中,甲基丙烯酸甲酯较大的蒸汽压减少CCl4对氢自由基的捕捉几率,因此CCl4的加入没能提高甲基丙烯酸甲酯的聚合反应速率.     

采用RATRP沉淀聚合法合成聚合物PMMA和PSt

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)或苯乙烯(St)为单体,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,乙醇为溶剂,CuCl2/PMDETA(N,N,N’,N″,N″-五甲基二乙烯基三胺)为催化体系,MMA或St经反向原子转移自由基沉淀聚合法合成了聚合物PMMA或PSt。研究结果表明:PMMA和PSt的分子量分布较窄(Mw/Mn<1.3),聚合反应速率对单体呈一级动力学特征,数均分子量与单体转化率呈线性关系。反应具有"活性"/可控聚合的特征。     

含铽-水杨酸端基聚苯乙烯的合成及荧光性能研究

利用原子转移自由基聚合能对聚合物进行设计的优点,以水杨酸为原料,通过氯磺化制得5-氯磺酰基水杨酸,以此为引发剂,CuCl/2,2′联吡啶(Bpy)为催化体系,对苯乙烯(St)的聚合进行了研究,并且将制得的聚苯乙烯与铽离子配位.结果表明,聚合反应符合对单体浓度为一级的动力学关系;聚合物分子量随转化率呈线性增加;分子量分布较窄,Mw/Mn都在1.4以下;通过1H-NMR的端基分析,扩链反应都证明了聚合具有可控性;所有结果显示该聚合反应符合原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)的特性.IR,UV-Vis和荧光光谱表明Tb(Ⅲ)与含水杨酸端基的聚苯乙烯配位成功,当用λ=305nm光激发,此配合物发射Tb(Ⅲ)的特征荧光.讨论了引发剂的浓度对聚合体系自由基活性特征的影响以及聚合物的分子量、配位条件对荧光强度的影响.     

以2,2′-联吡啶与丙二腈为添加剂的苯乙烯活性自由基聚合的研究

研究了稳定自由基存在下苯乙烯的活性聚合 .发现在 2 ,2′ 联吡啶的存在下 ,苯乙烯聚合的分子量控制效果提高 ,分子量可控 ,分子量分布较窄 .在与丙二腈共同作用时 ,可在 4h内达到 85 %的转化率 ,分子量分布在 1 5以下 ,分子量控制误差在 2 0 %以下 .设计分子量在 1× 10 4 ～ 9× 10 4 的范围内 ,实测分子量和理论分子量相近 .     

α-溴代丁酸乙酯/CuBr/联吡啶体系引发的活性自由基聚合反应

用α 溴代丁酸乙酯为引发剂，ＣｕＢｒ和２，２’ 联吡啶（ＢＰＹ）为催化剂，研究了ＭＭＡ、Ｓｔ、ＭＡ在８０℃下，ＭＭＡ在室温下（２０℃）的自由基活性聚合机理．通过转化率与数均分子量，理论分子量和实测分子量的关系，以及分子量分布，证明这些体系均具有活性聚合的特征．计算了三种聚合体系的动力学数据．讨论了温度、单体结构对聚合体系自由基活性特征的影响．     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯的原子转移自由基悬浮聚合

以 1 苯基氯乙烷为引发剂 ,氯化亚铜为催化剂 ,2 ,2 联吡啶为配体 ,外加搅拌 ,氮气保护下进行了甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (MMA)在 80℃下的原子转移悬浮聚合 .结果表明 ,聚合反应符合对单体浓度为一级的动力学关系 .经计算聚合体系的增长自由基浓度为 5 .74× 10 - 8mol L .聚合物分子量随转化率呈线性增加 ,分子量分布较窄 ,Mw Mn 在 1.37～ 1.40之间 .还以AIBN为引发剂 ,在三氯化铁和三苯基膦存在下进行了MMA的反向原子转移本体和悬浮聚合研究 .结果证明本体聚合具有好的可控特征 ,分子量随转化率呈线性增长 ,分子量分布指数在 1.2 7～ 1.31之间 .聚合反应速率较快 ,聚合体系中的增长自由基浓度较高 ,为 1.6 4× 10 - 7mol L .而在此催化体系下的悬浮聚合则完全失去了活性特征     

活性自由基聚合反应合成苯乙烯与丙烯酸酯嵌段共聚物及相关共聚物

用Cu(phen) 2 Br/1 PEBr催化引发体系合成了分子量为 50 0 0左右的溴端基聚苯乙烯 (PS Br) .以后者为大分子引发剂 ,在Cu( phen) 2 Br存在下引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (MMA)或丙烯酸丁酯 (BA)聚合 ,合成了二嵌段共聚物PS b PMMA和PS b PBA ,并通过GPC、IR、1H NMR及DSC等进行了表征 .实验发现 ,丙烯酸甲酯(MA)在Phen/CuCl/CCl4 催化引发下发生爆聚反应 ,仅当和异丁基乙烯基醚 (IBVE)才发生可控的自由基共聚合反应 .当MA和IBVE的投料摩尔比为 1∶1时 ,所得共聚物中两种单体链节的组成比为 1∶1 7左右 .     

2,2′-联吡啶与丙二腈对苯乙烯活性自由基聚合的影响

研究了稳定自由基存在下苯乙烯的活性聚合。发现在2，2'-联吡啶的存在下，苯乙烯聚合的分子量控制效果提高，分子量可控，分子量分布较窄。在与丙二腈共同作用时，可在4h内达到85％的转化率，分子量分布在1．5以下，分子量控制误差在20％以下。设计分子量在10，000～90，000，实测分子量和理论分子量相近。     

L-α-氨基酸铜(Ⅱ)-联吡啶混配配合物的合成及表征

合成了 4种氨基酸 铜 (Ⅱ ) 2 ,2′ 联二吡啶 (Bpy)的混配配合物 ,用元素分析、摩尔电导率、IR和UV -Vis对配合物进行了表征和结构推测。 4种混配配合物的组成分别为 :[Cu(Bpy) (L thre) ]·ClO4·H2 O ,[Cu(Bpy) (L ile) ]·ClO4·0 .5H2 O ,[Cu(Bpy) (L meth) ]·ClO4·0 .5H2 O ,[Cu(Bpy) (L ly) ]·ClO4·H2 O(L thre为苏氨酸 ,L ile为异亮氨酸 ,L meth为蛋氨酸 ,L ly为赖氨酸 )。Bpy和L 氨基酸皆作为双齿配体与中心铜离子发生配位。     

Reverse atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene in microemulsions catalyzed by CuBr2/Bpy

Reverse atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene was carried out in a microemulsion system with 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator, CuBr₂ and 2′-bipyridine as catalyst/ligand complex, sodium dodecyl sulfate as emulsifier and 1-hexanol as co-emulsifier. The chosen system showed poor control over molecular weight characteristics, though the low values of polydispersity indexes of the polymer were observed. The particle size was decreased with the increase in the amount of catalyst/ligand complex. Additionally, the nucleation prevailed throughout the polymerization process.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of One-dimensional Cadmium(II) Coordination Polymer: [Cd_2(DTB)(Bpy)_2(H_2O)_2]n (DTB = 1,4-Dinitro-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylatebenzene Tetravalent Anion; Bpy = 2,2''''-Bipyridyl)

1 INTRODUCTION Much research interest has been focused on thecoordination polymers for a long time because theymay afford new materials with useful properties,such as catalytic activity, microporosity, electricalconductivity, non-linear optical activit…     

Domino "Staudinger/semi-aza-Wittig/fragmentation" reactions of gamma-azido-beta-hydroxyketones

Treatment of gamma-azido-beta-hydroxyketones with triphenylphosphine resulted, depending on the structural features of the starting materials, in a domino "Staudinger/semi-aza-Wittig/fragmentation" reaction rather than a normal aza-Wittig reaction. 2-Azido-1-hydroxy-1-(2,4-dioxoalkyl)cyclopentanes, readily available by condensation of 1,3-dicarbonyl dianions with 2-azidocyclopentanone, proved to be optimal starting materials for these reactions which afforded 1-(1,3-dioxoalkyl)amino-2-(alkylidene)cyclopentanes.     

Two Dawson-templated three-dimensional metal-organic frameworks based on oxalate-bridged binuclear cobalt(II)/Nickel(II) SBUs and Bpy linkers

The Dawson anion P 2W 18O 62 (6-) has been used as a noncoordinating polyoxoanion template for the construction of two metal-organic frameworks, namely, [M 2(bpy) 3(H 2O) 2(ox)][P 2W 18O 62]2(H 2-bpy). nH 2O (M = Co(II), n = 3 ( 1); M = Ni(II), n = 2 ( 2)) (bpy = 4,4'-bipyridine; ox = C 2O 4 (2-)). Single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals that both of the structures exhibit 3D host frameworks constructed from the oxalate-bridged binuclear superoctahedron secondary building units (SBUs) and bpy linkers and the voids of which are occupied by Dawson anions, guest bpy, and water molecules. Magnetic studies reveal that there are antiferromagnetic exchange interactions among the transition-metal centers in compounds 1 and 2. Furthermore, a compound 1-modified carbon paste electrode ( 1-CPE) displays good electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of nitrite.     

CoBr2(Bpy): an efficient catalyst for the direct conjugate addition of aryl halides or triflates onto activated olefins

An efficient cobalt-catalyzed method devoted to the direct conjugate addition of functionalized aryl compounds onto Michael acceptors is described. The CoBr2(2,2'-bipyridine) complex appears to be an extremely suitable catalyst for the activation of a variety of aromatic reagents ranging from halides to triflates functionalized by reactive groups. This procedure allows for the synthesis of compounds resulting from 1,4-addition in good to excellent yields. The versatility of this original process represents a simple alternative to most known methods using organometallic reagents.     

"One-pot" tandem C-H borylation/1,4-conjugate addition/reduction sequence

A microwave-assisted, one-pot, iridium-catalyzed aromatic C-H borylation/rhodium-catalyzed 1,4-conjugate addition sequence provides a highly robust protocol suitable for high-throughput array synthesis. Selective formation of either β-aryl-substituted ketones or the corresponding alcohols can be achieved in good overall yields by simple variation of the reaction conditions.     

Solvent-free synthesis of 4-chalcogenophosphorylpyridines viaSNHAr reaction of pyridines with secondary phosphine chalcogenides

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"Contact voltage" in nanoparticle/molecule connections

This work presents conclusive evidence that connecting Pt and Co nanoparticles stabilized by an aluminum-organic shell with molecular spacers interacting with this shell can induce notable changes in the electronic structure of the metal. X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements at the Al K-, the Pt L(III)-, and the Co K-edge provide consistent evidence for this effect. The changes induced by cross-linking with an acidic spacer are discussed in detail as an example to elucidate the mechanism of this effect. It turns out that a reconfiguration of the protection shell that occurs upon networking is responsible for the observed changes.     

Diastereoselective synthesis of N-acetyl-D,L-acosamine and N-benzoyl-D,L-ristosamine

N-Acyl derivatives of $\text{D}$,$\text{L}$-acosamine and $\text{D}$,$\text{L}$-ristosamine were synthesized with high stereo selectivity utilizing intramolecular Michael addition of γ- and δ-carbomoyloxy-α,β-unsaturated esters.     

Stereoselective synthesis of 1,8- and 1,5-diketo-trans-syn-trans-perhydroanthracenes

A stereOselective conversion of 1,8- and 1,5-diethoxy-9,10-anthraquinone to 1,8- and 1,5-diketo-$\text{trans}$-$\text{syn}$-$\text{trans}$-perhydroanthracenes by successive sodium borohydride, metal-ammonia, and catalytic reductions is described.