致癌性卤代醌与有机氢过氧化物不依赖金属分解的分子机制及其潜在生物学意义

卤代醌是一类具有致癌活性的化合物.最近,它们作为氯代消毒副产物在饮用水中被检测到.有机氢过氧化物(ROOH)可通过自由基和酶促反应氧化多不饱和脂肪酸产生.先前的研究表明,ROOH可被过渡金属催化分解产生烷氧自由基,从而启动脂质过氧化或进一步分解生成α,β-不饱和醛.然而,目前还不清楚卤代醌能否不依赖过渡金属离子与ROOH以类似方式生成烷氧自由基.综合采用电子自旋共振-自旋捕获、高分辨液相色谱质谱联用及其他分析方法,结果发现,2,5-二氯-1,4-苯醌(DCBQ)可显著增强典型的有机氢过氧化物叔丁基过氧化氢(t-BuO OH)分解,以不依赖金属离子的方式生成叔丁氧自由基.在以上发现的基础上,我们检测和鉴定出一类新型的以碳为中心的醌酮自由基,其是我们之前推测的以氧为中心的醌氧自由基的自旋异构体.我们进而将研究扩展到更具生理意义的内源性脂质氢过氧化物13-过氧羟基-9,11-十八碳二烯酸(13-HPODE)中,发现DCBQ也可以显著增加13-HPODE的分解,产生脂质烷基自由基和具有基因毒性的4-羟基-2-壬烯醛.其他卤代醌也具有类似作用.研究表明,致癌性卤代醌能通过一类新型的不依赖于金属离子的亲核取代和均裂分解的机制,促进有机氢过氧化物分解并生成具有较强反应活性的烷氧、醌酮和脂质烷基自由基,及具有基因毒性的4-羟基-2-壬烯醛.以上研究结果可部分解释卤代醌及其酚类前驱物为何具有潜在的基因毒性和致癌性.     

模拟过氧化物酶催化性能的研究

过氧化物酶(POD)能催化H₂O₂氧化一系列氢供体(DH₂)转化成氧化型供体(D)。氢供体可以是邻联二茴香胺、4-氨基安替比林和苯酚及某些染料隐色体等。这类反应不仅可提供检测H₂O₂的灵敏方法,还可与产生H₂O₂的其它酶反应系统联用,测定葡萄糖、半乳糖、氨基酸、尿酸及胆醇等生物物质。     

活性炭催化过氧化物高级氧化技术降解水中有机污染物*

活性炭（AC）能够催化过氧化氢(H₂O₂）释放出强氧化性的羟基自由基•OH。过二硫酸盐（PS）与H₂O₂结构上相似,因此PS也有可能被AC催化产生强氧化性的硫酸根自由基SO4−•。AC催化无机过氧化物（H₂O₂或PS）将发展成为一类新型高级氧化技术。AC催化H₂O₂联合体系包括AC/H2O2,AC/Fenton,AC/H₂O₂/紫外光,,AC/H₂O₂/微波,AC/湿式H₂O₂氧化;AC催化AC/PS联合体系包括 AC/PS,AC/PS/金属离子, AC/PS/ 微波。AC过氧化联合体均可高效降解水中有机污染物。本文在首次综述AC/过氧化物联合体系处理有机污染物研究现状的基础上,分析了AC和过氧化物的相互作用,并对该类高级氧化技术的发展前景进行了展望。     

氮、铁共掺杂碳纳米粒子的制备及在过氧化氢和葡萄糖检测中的应用

以L-酒石酸和一水柠檬酸为混合碳源,以乙二胺为氮源和聚合试剂,并添加六水三氯化铁,通过一锅溶剂热法合成了氮、铁共掺杂碳纳米粒子(N/Fe-CNPs),采用制备的N/Fe-CNPs模拟过氧化物酶催化过氧化氢(H₂O₂)氧化3,3',5,5'-四甲基 产生可溶性的蓝色产物,联合葡萄糖氧化酶建立了测定H₂O₂和葡萄糖含量的新方法。 结果显示:H₂O₂及葡萄糖的浓度与反应体系的吸光度呈良好的线性关系,H₂O₂的线性范围为0.2~20 μmol/L,葡萄糖的线性范围为0.1~1.0及1.0~80 μmol/L,最低检出限分别可达42.5和76.1 nmol/L。     

具有过氧化物酶活性的Imm-Fe3+-IL的制备及用于比色法测定H2O2和葡萄糖

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备的Imm-Fe³⁺-IL纳米材料具有类过氧化物酶的活性,能够催化过氧化氢(H₂O₂)快速氧化3,3′,5,5′-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)产生相应的颜色变化。 稳态动力学分析表明,Imm-Fe³⁺-IL纳米材料遵循典型的Michaelis-Menten模型和乒乓机理。 辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)相比,Imm-Fe³⁺-IL纳米材料纳米材料具有更强的亲和性。 联合葡萄糖氧化酶建立了H₂O₂和葡萄糖的比色检测方法。 结果显示:H₂O₂和葡萄糖的浓度与反应体系的吸光度呈良好的线性关系,H₂O₂的线性范围为1~200 μmol/L,葡萄糖的线性范围为10~200 μmol/L,最低检出限(LOD)分别为0.35和3.31 μmol/L。     

基于Co3O4纳米粒子的“串联酶”活性检测葡萄糖的表面增强拉曼光谱策略

采用一种简单的湿化学法合成Co₃O₄纳米粒子(NPs),并将其作为一种"串联酶"(同时具有类过氧化物酶和类葡萄糖氧化酶活性)用于过氧化氢(H₂O₂)和葡萄糖的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)光谱检测。作为一种灵敏的SERS底物,在pH=4.0的NaAc缓冲液条件下,Co₃O₄NPs可以催化葡萄糖和O₂生成葡萄糖酸和H₂O₂。然后H₂O₂可以氧化3,3′,5,5′-四甲基联苯胺(TMB),形成蓝色氧化产物氧化TMB(oxTMB),其在1188、1330、1610 cm^-1处表现出强烈的SERS信号。因此,我们开发了一种新的SERS策略来分析葡萄糖,检测限为1×10^-10mol·L^-1,表明Co₃O₄NPs具有生物传感器、免疫分析和医学研究的潜力。     

Au单晶电极上H2O2的氧化反应研究

本文利用旋转圆盘电极系统研究了酸性介质中H₂O₂在Au(100)和Au(111)电极表面的电化学行为. 实验发现在Au电极上H₂O₂难以发生还原,但是当电位稍微正于H₂O₂氧化为O₂的平衡电势时即可发生氧化. 在Au(111)上H₂O₂氧化的起始电位比在Au(100)正0.1 V左右. Au(100)上的双桥位位点能增强反应中间体*OOH的吸附,可能是导致Au(100)上H₂O₂氧化反应超电势比Au(111)低的主要原因. 在较正电位区(E>1.2 V), 当电极表面被氧物种覆盖时,H₂O₂在两个电极上的氧化都会受到一定程度的抑制,这种影响在Au(111)上比Au(100)上更加明显,这与Au(111)上氧物种的生成与逆向还原可逆性差的趋势一致. 最后还将Au与Pt单晶电极上H₂O₂氧化的行为进行了对比分析.     

水溶性羧酸咔咯铁(Ⅲ)配合物对DNA的氧化断裂作用

合成了5,10,15-三(4-羧基-苯基)咔咯铁配合物(Fe^ⅢTCPC), 采用紫外-可见光谱、 荧光光谱、 圆二色光谱和黏度法研究了Fe^ⅢTCPC与小牛胸腺DNA(ct-DNA)的相互作用, 并用琼脂糖凝胶电泳研究了氧化剂参与下Fe^ⅢTCPC对pBR22 DNA的氧化断裂能力. 结果表明, Fe^ⅢTCPC与DNA的作用方式为外部结合模式, 其结合常数K_b=1.96×10⁵ L/mol. 在过氧化氢(H₂O₂)或叔丁基过氧化氢(TBHP)为氧化剂条件下, Fe^ⅢTCPC展现出良好的DNA氧化断裂能力, 且TBHP的氧化断裂效率比H₂O₂好. 用H₂O₂和TBHP为氧化剂时, Fe^ⅢTCPC可能是通过活性Fe^Ⅴ-oxo机制对DNA氧化断裂.     

氨基醇杂多酸类离子液体催化环酮的Baeyer-Villiger氧化反应

合成了一系列氨基醇杂多酸类离子液体, 并将其用于催化环酮的Baeyer-Villiger氧化反应. 以2-庚基环戊酮为模板底物, H₂O₂为氧化剂, 探究了此类氨基醇杂多酸类离子液体的催化活性, 筛选出催化活性最高的催化剂为[Pro-ps]H₂PW₁₂O₄₀, 最佳反应条件: n(2-庚基环戊酮)∶n(催化剂)∶n(H₂O₂)=1∶0.03∶4, 反应温度40 ℃, 反应时间8 h, 无溶剂. 在最佳条件下, 2-庚基环戊酮的转化率为98.19%, 产物δ-十二内酯的选择性可达82.84%. 水相中的离子液体[Pro-ps]H₂PW₁₂O₄₀经干燥后可以重复使用. 经过5次循环使用后催化活性未见明显下降. [Pro-ps]H₂PW₁₂O₄₀还可用于催化其它多种环酮的Baeyer-Villiger氧化反应, 结果表明, 该催化剂具有良好的重复使用性和底物普适性.     

纳米四氧化三铁碳片对亚甲基蓝废水的催化脱色

碳材料上掺杂纳米Fe₃O₄颗粒所形成的复合材料可发挥各自优点,进而拓宽其在印染废水处理中的应用。以葡萄糖和氯化铁为原料,通过共沉淀后碳化煅烧,成功制备了纳米四氧化三铁碳片(Fe₃O₄@GC),利用XRD、TEM、BET和磁滞回线对Fe₃O₄@GC碳片进行了形貌表征,并将其用于亚甲基蓝(MB)废水的催化脱色处理。结果表明,Fe₃O₄@GC碳片上的Fe₃O₄结晶性较好,颗粒呈球形且分散均匀,其平均粒径为22 nm。Fe₃O₄@GC碳片能够活化H₂O₂产生氢氧自由基(HO·)并高效氧化降解MB。在pH为2～3,材料投加量为1.0 g/L,H₂O₂用量为9 mmol/L的条件下,60min内Fe₃O₄@G...     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.