耐盐吸附树脂对增塑剂DIBP生产废水预处理的研究

采用耐盐吸附树脂NDA-66预处理增塑剂DIBP生产废水,研究了不同吸附剂对DIBP生产废水中主要污染物邻苯二甲酸的吸附脱附效果。实验结果表明,5种吸附剂中,NDA-66树脂对邻苯二甲酸处理效果最好,且符合Freundlich方程和Langmuir方程;动态吸附脱附过程中,单柱吸附量为7BV,最佳流速为1.5BV/h,最佳脱附剂为1BV 8%Na OH+2BV蒸馏水,温度为328K,脱附率能达到99%以上;放大实验过程中,NDA-66耐盐吸附树脂对增塑剂DIBP生产废水中邻苯二甲酸吸附稳定性较好。     

丙酮在吸附树脂上的真空脱附性能研究

以超高交联吸附树脂为吸附剂,在固定床中研究了真空度、脱附温度、吸附初始浓度等因素对丙酮真空脱附性能的影响。实验结果表明,丙酮的脱附率随脱附温度和真空度增加而增加;丙酮初始吸附进气浓度越高,脱附率越高;在脱附温度60℃、真空度98kPa时,丙酮的脱附率可达85.3%。此外,开展了程序升温脱附实验,结果表明,超高交联吸附树脂吸附丙酮量越多其脱附速率越快,且最大脱附峰向低温区移动,这主要是因为微孔比中孔具有更大的吸附势,吸附在中孔内的丙酮更容易脱附。     

ZrO2负载碳纳米管吸附去除水中氟的研究

以ZrO2负载多壁碳纳米管(ZrO2-MWCT)为吸附剂,系统研究了其对水中F-的吸附、脱附性能。结果表明,F-在ZrO2-MWCT吸附剂上的吸附等温线可以用Freundlich方程模拟,吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学方程,吸附速率随着F-初始浓度的提高而减低。当pH为4~5时,F-在ZrO2-MWCT吸附剂上的吸附量最大。水中阴离子的存在降低ZrO2-MWCT对F-的吸附量,不同阴离子对F-影响的大小顺序为:CO32->SO42->Cl->NO3-。吸附饱和的ZrO2-MWCT可用0.1mol/L的NaOH脱附再生,经4次再生后,其吸附量仍为14.55mg/g。     

π络合脱硫吸附剂Cu(Ⅰ)-Y的生物再生

吸附与生物技术的耦合是实现燃料油品清洁生产的新发展方向, 提出了一种吸附剂生物再生循环使用的新耦合方法, 首先用吸附剂吸附脱除油品中的含硫化合物, 然后用微生物脱附吸附剂表面吸附的硫化物, 实现吸附剂再生. 利用Y型分子筛通过离子交换再用He保护自动还原的方法制备了(络合吸附剂吸附Cu(Ⅰ)-Y, 以DBT为模型化合物考察了吸附剂的吸附性能. 以选择性脱硫菌德氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas delafieldii)R-8为生物催化剂, 考察了细胞浓度、油相体积、水相/吸附剂比对吸附剂脱附率的影响. 加入油相可以大大提高DBT脱附量和生成2-HBP的量. 增加水相中脱硫菌R-8的浓度、增大水相/吸附剂比, 可以实现DBT脱附, 促进DBT转化为2-HBP. 在水相脱硫菌株R-8浓度为75 g·L-1、水相/吸附剂比为300 mL/g、油相/水相比1/3(V/V)的条件下, 脱附的DBT在6 h内转化率达到89%, 24 h内转化率为100%. 生成2-HBP的量主要由吸附剂吸附硫化物的量、水相中微生物细胞的浓度、油相/水相体积比、水相/吸附剂比决定. 吸附剂经过正辛烷洗涤、100℃下干燥24 h、He保护450℃还原活化3 h, 再生吸附剂的吸附能力为新鲜吸附剂的95%.     

一种新型测试整体成型吸附剂吸附性能系统的设计、搭建及实验研究

基于吸附制冷的实际运行工况,本文设计搭建了一种新型的测试整体成型吸附剂性能装置;通过吸附床温度变化特性测试及吸附剂性能测试实验,确定了该装置用于吸附剂性能测试实验的可行性及可靠性。吸附床温度变化特性测试表明,该装置可以在有效控制整体成型吸附剂吸附脱附温度情况下,完成吸附剂在吸附和脱附循环过程中的性能测试;吸附剂性能测试实验表明,经活化后的13X沸石分子筛对吸附质-水的最大吸附量为0.196g/g,单位质量最大吸附速率为1.79×10~(-3)g/(g·min),冷凝/蒸发器的最低蒸发温度为12℃,平均冷凝温度为27℃;测试得到的13X沸石分子筛对水的吸附量与参考文献中该值的平均偏差仅为5.206%,因此,本实验装置用于整体成型以及堆积状态下的吸附剂性能测试具有可行性及可靠性;利用该系统可以为吸附制冷提供吸附剂性能的基础实验数据。     

金属改性树脂吸附脱氮工艺及动力学研究

以D72树脂为载体,负载Ni~(2+)、Co~(2+)后制备高活性吸附脱氮剂,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)分析吸附剂的骨架结构,采用N2吸附-脱附(BET)测定吸附剂的比表面积和孔分布情况。以焦化蜡油为原料,在全混流反应釜中进行吸附脱氮实验。考察吸附温度、吸附时间、剂油质量比等对吸附剂吸附性能的影响。结果表明,在吸附温度为40℃、吸附时间为60min、剂油质量比为1:10、金属负载量为5wt%的条件下,改性树脂对焦化蜡油有较好的吸附效果,脱氮率达到80.08%。动力学研究结果表明,改性树脂与焦化蜡油中碱性氮化物的吸附反应符合准二级动力学模型,其相关系数大于0.99;通过计算,确定了动力学方程中的参数。     

π络合脱硫吸附剂Cu(I)-Y的生物再生

吸附与生物技术的耦合是实现燃料油品清洁生产的新发展方向,提出了一种吸附剂生物再生循环使用的新耦合方法,首先用吸附剂吸附脱除油品中的含硫化合物,然后用微生物脱附吸附剂表面吸附的硫化物,实现吸附剂再生.利用Y型分子筛通过离子交换再用He保护自动还原的方法制备了π络合吸附剂吸附Cu(I)-Y,以DBT为模型化合物考察了吸附剂的吸附性能.以选择性脱硫菌德氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonasdelafieldii)R-8为生物催化剂,考察了细胞浓度、油相体积、水相/吸附剂比对吸附剂脱附率的影响.加入油相可以大大提高DBT脱附量和生成2-HBP的量.增加水相中脱硫菌R-8的浓度、增大水相/吸附剂比,可以实现DBT脱附,促进DBT转化为2-HBP.在水相脱硫菌株R-8浓度为75g·L?1、水相/吸附剂比为300mL/g、油相/水相比1/3(V/V)的条件下,脱附的DBT在6h内转化率达到89%,24h内转化率为100%.生成2-HBP的量主要由吸附剂吸附硫化物的量、水相中微生物细胞的浓度、油相/水相体积比、水相/吸附剂比决定.吸附剂经过正辛烷洗涤、100℃下干燥24h、He保护450℃还原活化3h,再生吸附剂的吸附能力为新鲜吸附剂的95%.     

πp络合脱硫吸附剂Cu(I)-Y的生物再生

吸附与生物技术的耦合是实现燃料油品清洁生产的新发展方向, 提出了一种吸附剂生物再生循环使用的新耦合方法, 首先用吸附剂吸附脱除油品中的含硫化合物, 然后用微生物脱附吸附剂表面吸附的硫化物, 实现吸附剂再生. 利用Y型分子筛通过离子交换再用He保护自动还原的方法制备了π络合吸附剂吸附Cu(I)-Y, 以DBT为模型化合物考察了吸附剂的吸附性能. 以选择性脱硫菌德氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas delafieldii)R-8为生物催化剂, 考察了细胞浓度、油相体积、水相/吸附剂比对吸附剂脱附率的影响. 加入油相可以大大提高DBT脱附量和生成2-HBP的量. 增加水相中脱硫菌R-8的浓度、增大水相/吸附剂比, 可以实现DBT脱附, 促进DBT转化为2-HBP. 在水相脱硫菌株R-8浓度为75 g·L^-1、水相/吸附剂比为300 mL/g、油相/水相比1/3(V/V)的条件下, 脱附的DBT在6 h内转化率达到89%, 24 h内转化率为100%. 生成2-HBP的量主要由吸附剂吸附硫化物的量、水相中微生物细胞的浓度、油相/水相体积比、水相/吸附剂比决定. 吸附剂经过正辛烷洗涤、100℃下干燥24 h、He保护450℃还原活化3 h, 再生吸附剂的吸附能力为新鲜吸附剂的95%.     

4种化学修饰的吸附树脂对水溶液中邻甲酚的吸附行为

分别以脯氨酸、L-谷氨酸、乙酰苯胺和水杨酸修饰的吸附树脂为吸附剂,邻甲酚为吸附质,在288K,303K和318K下的水溶液中进行静态吸附实验和脱附实验,考察树脂的吸附性能及吸附行为。实验结果表明,在4种经化学修饰的吸附树脂对邻甲酚的吸附过程中,降低温度有利于吸附;4种化学修饰的树脂对邻甲酚的吸附等温线均符合Freundlich模型,脱附率均大于85%,循环使用效果较好;在相同条件下,脯氨酸修饰的树脂和L-谷氨酸修饰的树脂对邻甲酚吸附性能更优异。热力学研究表明,4种树脂对邻甲酚的吸附过程均为自发的放热过程。     

微波改性膨润土对水中PFOS的吸附热力学和动力学研究

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)微波改性膨润土(CTMAB-膨润土)作为吸附剂。在初始浓度为50~100mg/L,温度为288~308K时,研究了CTMAB-膨润土对PFOS的吸附热力学和动力学规律。结果表明,吸附反应2h后,CTMAB-膨润土对PFOS吸附量达到平衡吸附量的80%,随后吸附速率逐渐变缓并在吸附反应进行约4h后达到平衡;PFOS在CTMAB-膨润土上的吸附过程符合伪二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附模型。通过热力学分析发现?H~00、?G~00、?S~00、E_a=26.7k J/mol,表明PFOS在CTMAB-膨润土上的吸附属于易于自发进行的物理吸附过程,吸附过程吸热,但吸附热较小,温度对吸附过程的影响较小。吸附饱和的CTMAB-膨润土可在NaOH溶液中脱附再生,经4次脱附后,PFOS的吸附量为140.6mg/g,具有良好的再生使用性,可以循环使用。     

Assessment on the removal of dimethyl phthalate from aqueous phase using a hydrophilic hyper-cross-linked polymer resin NDA-702

A hydrophilic hyper-cross-linked polymer resin (NDA-702) was synthesized, and the adsorption performance of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) on NDA-702 was compared with that on the commercial hydrophobic macroporous resin (Amberlite XAD-4) and granular activated carbon (AC-750). The kinetic adsorption of DMP onto NDA-702 and AC-750 is limited mainly by intraparticle diffusion and obeys the pseudo-second-order rate model, while the uptake on XAD-4 is limited mainly by film diffusion and follows the pseudo-first-order rate model. All the associated adsorption isotherms are well described by the Freundlich equation, and the larger uptake and stronger affinity of NDA-702 than AC-750 and XAD-4 probably result from the microporous structure, phenyl rings, and polar groups on NDA-702 polymer matrix. An interesting observation is that in the aqueous phase all the adsorbents spontaneously adsorb DMP driven mainly by enthalpy change, but the hydrophilic nature of NDA-702 and AC-750 surfaces results in less entropy change compared to hydrophobic XAD-4. Dynamic adsorption studies show that the high breakthrough and the total adsorption capacities of NDA-702 are 388 and 559 mg per gram dry resin at 313 K. Nearly 100% regeneration efficiency for the resin was achieved by methanol at 313 K.     

环戊烷和环己烷在silicalite-1上的吸附、扩散和热脱附

Adsorption,diffusion and thermal desorption features of cyclopentane and cyclohexane in silicalite-1 have beeninvestigated using the intelligent gravimetric technique.Both the saturation adsorption loadings and diffusion coef-ficient of cyclopentane were greater than those of cyclohexane.The diffusivity of cyclopentane was about one orderof magnitude greater than that of cyclohexane at the same temperature and initial loading.For cyclopentane,therewas only one kind of desorption process at adsorption loadings lower than 4 muc(molecule per unit cell),but twodesorption processes appeared at the adsorption loadings higher than 4 muc.While for cyclohexane,one desorptionprocess was found in the whole range of loadings.Both thermal desorption peaks of cyclopentane and cyclohexanemoved to higher temperature region with increasing loading.     

环戊烷和环己烷在silicalite-1分子筛上的热脱附行为

采用智能质量分析仪(IGA)及TG/DTG法研究了环戊烷和环己烷在硅沸石silicalite-1上的热脱附行为。当环戊烷在silicalite-1上吸附量小于4 m/uc时，TG/DTG曲线表明环戊烷在silicalite-1上存在一个脱附过程。吸附量大于4 m/uc，TG曲线显示热脱附过程明显分为两个阶段，DTG曲线中出现两个明显的脱附峰，彼此分离。环己烷在silicalite-1上只存在一种脱附过程，DTG曲线只出现一个脱附峰。从环戊烷和环己烷的热脱附曲线中也可看出，随着吸附量的增加脱附峰温逐渐向高温方向偏移。     

Adsorption of As (V) on iron oxide nanoparticle films studied by in situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopy

Stabilization of arsenic contaminated soils by iron oxides has been proposed as a remediation technique to prevent leaching of arsenate into the environment. Fundamental studies are needed to establish under which conditions the complexes formed are stable. In the present work, a powerful technique, viz. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, is adapted to the studies of adsorption of arsenate species on iron oxides. This technique facilitates acquisition of both quantitative and qualitative in situ adsorption data.In the present work, about 800 nm thick films of 6-lineferrihydrite were deposited on ZnSe ATR crystals. Arsenate adsorption on the ferrihydrite film was studied at pD values ranging from 4 to 12 and at an arsenate concentration of 0.03 mM in D₂O solution. The amount of adsorbed arsenate decreased with increasing pD as a result of the more negatively charged iron oxide surface at higher pD values. The adsorption and desorption kinetics were also studied. Arsenate showed a higher adsorption rate within the first 70 min and a much lower adsorption rate from 70 to 300 min. The low adsorption rate at longer reaction times was partly due to a low desorption rate of already adsorbed carbonate species adsorbed at the surface. The desorption of carbonate species was evidenced by the appearance of negative absorption bands. The desorption of adsorbed arsenate complexes was examined by flushing with D₂O at pD 4 and 8.5 and it was found that the complexes were very stable at pD 4 suggesting formation of mostly inner-sphere complexes whereas a fraction of the complexes at pD 8.5 were less stable than at pD 4, possibly due to the formation of outer-sphere complexes.In summary, the ATR technique was shown to provide in situ information about the adsorption rate, desorption rate and the speciation of the complexes formed within a single experiment, which is very difficult to obtain using other techniques.     

The application of macroporous resins in the separation of licorice flavonoids and glycyrrhizic acid

Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and licorice flavonoids (LF) are the two classes of bioactive components in licorice with known pharmacological effects. But long-term excessive intake of GA may cause sodium retention and hypertension. In this study, the performance and adsorption characteristics of four widely used macroporous resins for the separation of deglycyrrhizinated, flavonoids enriched licorice has been critically evaluated. The sorption and desorption properties of LF and GA on macroporous resins including XDA-1, LSA-10, D101 and LSA-20 have been compared. The adsorption capacity was found to depend strongly on the pH of the feed solution. XDA-1 offers much higher adsorption capacity for GA and LF than other resins, and its adsorption data fit the best to the Freundlich isotherm. XDA-1 also shows much higher adsorption affinity towards LF than that of GA based on calculated results from the measured adsorption isotherms. Dynamic adsorption and desorption experiments have been carried out on a XDA-1 resin packed column to obtain optimal parameters for separating GA and LF. An enriched LF extract (about 21.9% purity) free of GA, and an enriched GA extract with 66% purity can be separated from crude licorice extract in one run.     

Synthesis of the water-compatible p-acetaminophen resin and its adsorption performances for vanillin in aqueous solution

A novel p-acetaminophen resin(named as GQ-1) was synthesized with chloromethylated polystyrene and p-acetaminophen.It can be used without any wetting process.The objective of this work was to study the adsorption performances for vanillin onto GQ-1 with two kinds of the hydrogen bond site of acetamino group and hydroxyl group.The results showed that the adsorption property of vanillin onto GQ-1 was superior to XAD-4,H103,NDA150,and NDA88.The adsorption capacity of vanillin onto GQ-1 is not greatly discrepant until the solution pH is higher than 5.31.The saturated adsorption quantity of vanillin was up to 141.32 mg/mL(wet resin) according to the dynamic adsorption and desorption experiments at 293 K.The resin could be regenerated by 7 BV ethanol.     

Enrichment and purification of deoxyschizandrin and γ-schizandrin from the extract of Schisandra chinensis fruit by macroporous resins

In present study, the performance and separation characteristics of 21 macroporous resins for the enrichment and purification of deoxyschizandrin and γ-schizandrin, the two major lignans from Schisandra chinensis extracts, were evaluated. According to our results, HPD5000, which adsorbs by the molecular tiers model, was the best macroporous resin, offering higher adsorption and desorption capacities and higher adsorption speed for deoxyschizandrin and γ-schizandrin than other resins. Columns packed with HPD5000 resin were used to perform dynamic adsorption and desorption tests to optimize the technical parameters of the separation process. The results showed that the best adsorption time is 4 h, the rate of adsorption is 0.85 mL/min (4 BV/h) and the rate of desorption is 0.43 mL/min (2 BV/h). After elution with 90% ethanol, the purity of deoxy-schizandrin increased 12.62-fold from 0.37% to 4.67%, the purity of γ-schizandrin increased 15.8-fold from 0.65% to 10.27%, and the recovery rate was more than 80%.     

Two-dimensional correlation analysis of continuous online in situ ATR-FTIR on the adsorption of butyl xanthate at the surface of a-PbO

The adsorption behavior of butyl xanthate on the surface of lead oxide was investigated using continuous online in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared（ATR-FTIR） spectroscopy technique and two dimensional（2D） correlation analysis.The adsorbed layer studied was prepared by coating α-PbO particles onto the surfaces of the ZnSe crystal.The appearance of spectral peaks at 1203 cm^-1,1033 cm^-1 and their red shift indicated the formation and aggregation of xanthate at the surface of α-PbO.According to 1R intensity changes after rinsing with deionized water and a NaOH solution,the adsorption was proved to be a chemisorption type.The competition between xanthate and OH for the surfaces leads to desorption of xanthate at higher pH.The technique of 2D correlation ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was used to evaluate the changing order of spectral intensities in the adsorption process,and the results indicated that xanthate micelles were formed at the surfaces.The adsorption kinetics of butyl xanthate was found to be a pseudo-second-order reaction model and the adsorption capacity of butyl xanthate at α-PbO was as high as 281 mg g^-1 after 150 min.     

Diethylenetriamine-grafted poly(glycidyl methacrylate) adsorbent for effective copper ion adsorption

Amine-functionalized adsorbents have attracted increasing interest in recent years for heavy metal removal. In this study, diethylenetriamine (DETA) was successfully grafted (through a relatively simple solution reaction) onto poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) microgranules to obtain an adsorbent (PGMA-DETA) with a very high content of amine groups and the PGMA-DETA adsorbent was examined for copper ion removal in a series of batch adsorption experiments. It was found that the PGMA-DETA adsorbent achieved excellent adsorption performance in copper ion removal and the adsorption was most effective at pH>3 in the pH range of 1-5 examined. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that there were different types of amine sites on the surfaces of the PGMA-DETA adsorbent but copper ion adsorption was mainly through forming surface complexes with the neutral amine groups on the adsorbent, resulting in better adsorption performance at a higher solution pH value. The adsorption isotherm data best obeyed the Langmuir-Freundlich model and the adsorption capacity reached 1.5 mmol/g in the case of pH 5 studied. The adsorption process was fast (with adsorption equilibrium time less than 1-4 h) and closely followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Desorption of copper ions from the PGMA-DETA adsorbent was most effectively achieved in a 0.1 M dilute nitric acid solution, with 80% of the desorption being completed within the first 1 min. Consecutive adsorption-desorption experiments showed that the PGMA-DETA adsorbent can be reused almost without any loss in the adsorption capacity.