亲水性离子液体[EMIM]BF4对固定化β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶催化活性的影响

以壳聚糖为固定化载体,采用吸附交联法制备固定化β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶;以1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([EMIM]BF4)/缓冲溶液均相体系为介质,研究了亲水性离子液体[EMIM]BF4对固定化酶生物催化甘草酸(GL)合成单葡萄糖醛酸基甘草次酸(GAMG)的影响.实验结果表明,当均相体系中[EMIM]BF4的体积分数为16%,pH为5.4,反应温度为50℃及摇床转速为200 r/min时,酶活力达到最高,并且明显优于纯缓冲溶液体系中的最高酶活.重复利用性实验结果表明,与纯缓冲液介质体系相比,固定化酶在含亲水性离子液体[EMIM]BF4的均相介质中表现出较好的操作稳定性.表观动力学参数和活化能数据表明,亲水性离子液体[EMIM]BF4在催化体系中能够增强酶和底物GL的亲和力,有效稳定酶-底物的过渡态,并降低反应活化能,而使固定化β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶表现出较高的催化活性.     

基于分子模拟的离子液体修饰Porcine Pancreas脂肪酶催化性能和稳定性的相关研究

采用分子模拟手段研究了功能性离子液体[HOOCBMIm]Cl修饰Porcine Pancreas脂肪酶(PPL)结构稳定性与催化性能增强的机理. 在335和300 K下比较研究两种脂肪酶的一系列相互作用特点与结构性质, 包括静电势(electrostatic potential, ESP)、均方根偏差(Root Mean Square Deviation, RMSD)、能量变化、溶剂化面积等等. 分析结果表明: 在335 K下, 修饰后的脂肪酶(Engineered PPL)的RMSD值(0.537 Å)小于未修饰的脂肪酶(Wild-type PPL)的RMSD值(0.68 Å), 同时Engineered PPL的自由能也低于Wild-type PPL的自由能, 说明Engineered PPL的构象更加稳定. 修饰剂的引入使得Engineered PPL的疏水性面积和溶剂可及性面积(Solvent Accessible Surface Area, SASA)增大, 增强了Engineered PPL的稳定性和水解活力. 修饰剂的正电性与修饰位点附近的负电势氨基酸形成静电吸引作用, 优化了蛋白表面电荷的相互作用, 进一步提高了蛋白稳定性; 同时也稳定了蛋白盖子结构的打开状态, 有利于底物进入蛋白空腔催化位点, 实现催化活性提升. 本文从分子水平展示了离子液体修饰脂肪酶并提供了一种解析化学修饰改变酶学性质的方法.     

聚合马来松香乙二醇酯Ca(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)配合物固定化淀粉酶研究

将松香改性合成聚合马来松香乙二醇酯(简称MEEP),使之分别与CaCl2、NiCl2、MgCl2和CuCl2反应,制备聚合马来松香乙二醇酯Ca(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Mg(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅱ)配合物,再对淀粉酶进行固定化,比较了固定化酶和游离酶的性能.实验结果表明,4种聚合马来松香乙二醇酯配合物固定化酶使用5次后,固定化酶保留活力均在50%以上,其中MEEPCa(Ⅱ)和MEEPNi(Ⅱ)固定化酶的效果较好,固定化酶保留活力均在70%以上;固定化酶最适温度50℃,较游离酶高10℃;聚合马来松香乙二醇酯Ca(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)固定化酶的最适pH值分别为5.24、6.86,米氏常数分别为1.47×10-4kg/L和2.64×10-4kg/L,游离酶为2.69×10-5kg/L.     

SYNTHESIS OF POLY(5,5-DIMETHYL-1,3-DIOXAN-2-ONE)BY LIPASE-CATALYZED RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION

Porcine pancreas lipase (PPL) and PPL immobilized on narrow distributed micron-sized glass beads wereemployed successfully for the ring-opening polymerization of 5, 5-dimethyl-1, 3-dioxan-2-one (DTC) for the first time.Different polymerization conditions such as enzyme concentration and reaction temperature were studied. Immobilized PPLexhibits higher activity than native PPL. Along wth the increasing enzyme concentration, the molecular weigh of resultingPDTC decreases. PPL immobilized on narrow distributed micron-sized glass beads has outstanding recyclability. For thethird recycle time, immobilized PPL exhibits the highest catalytic activity and with high activity even after the fifth recyletime for the synthesis of PDTC. The ~1H-NMR spectra indicate that decarboxylation does not occur during the ring-openingpolymerization.     

基于氯化镁饱和溶液中固定化脂肪酶Lipozyme TL IM催化光皮树油脂合成生物柴油

基于氯化镁饱和溶液反应体系中,对采用固定化脂肪酶Lipozyme TL IM催化光皮树油脂转化为生物柴油的工艺进行了研究。考察了固定化脂肪酶Lipozyme TL IM催化光皮树油转酯化的工艺中甲醇的用量、固定化脂肪酶的添加量、摇床的转速和反应时间对生物柴油产率的影响。实验结果表明,采用氯化镁饱和溶液反应体系,在醇油摩尔比为3∶1,固定化酶Lipozyme TL IM用量为光皮树油质量的20%,摇床转速为150 r/min,反应8 h时,生物柴油产率最高,达到86.5%。与传统的三步甲醇醇解或者有机溶剂反应体系比较,采用的氯化镁饱和溶液体系的酶稳定性更好,反应效率更高,有效地解决了酶在甲醇中失活的问题,生产成本低,可成为生产生物柴油的新工艺。     

磁性聚合物微球固定化青霉素G酰化酶制备光学纯(S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸

通过反相悬浮聚合法制备了超顺磁性环氧聚合物微球用于固定化青霉素G酰化酶,利用磁性固定化酶催化N-苯乙酰-(R,S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸进行不对称水解反应,制备出(S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸单一对映体。磁性固定化酶催化水解反应的适宜条件为:底物浓度100 mg·m L-1,反应温度和时间30℃和12 h,反应溶液p H 8.0。在此条件下,N-苯乙酰-(R,S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸的转化率为48.8%,产物(S)-2-氯苯甘氨酸的对映体过量值eep达99.4%。磁场下回收磁性固定化青霉素G酰化酶,重复使用6次,底物的转化率和产物的对映体过量值分别为47.8%和91.4%。     

Lipase-catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation between α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and active methylene compounds

A simple and efficient Knoevenagel condensation between a b-unsaturated aldehydes and active methylene compounds is reported.Notably,this condensation can be catalyzed by PPL(lipase from porcine pancreas) with satisfied yields(49%–92%).Moreover,PPL induces moderate Z/E selectivity in the Knoevenagel condensation.     

载体的表面结构对生物大分子固定化行为的影响

基于临近闪烁分析法(Scintillation Proximity Assay,SPA)的高通量药物筛选,是在分子水平上的筛选,其所采用的筛选模型需通过对受体分子的固定化。因而,制备出对受体分子的天然构象不产生明显诱变作用的载体材料,是保证筛选质量的前提。本研究以苯乙烯(St)为主单体,分别以丙烯酰胺(Am)、丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPA)、苯乙烯磺酸钠(NaSS)、丙烯醛(Acl)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)为共聚单体,采用分散聚合法制备出了多种具有不同表面结构的单分散性微球,测定了它们的表面性能,研究了BSA在不同微球上的吸附行为;探讨了这些微球在固定化时对BSA生物大分子构象的影响;并以葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)为模型分子,通过考察其催化活性的变化研究固定化过程对其天然构象的影响。研究发现,在微球表面引入磺酸基或引入不同长度的空间臂,可减少固定化过程对生物大分子构象的畸变作用。     

微纳尺度无机-有机杂化凝胶固定化木瓜蛋白酶研究

以吸附-絮凝耦合方法制备了微纳尺度的纳米TiO₂-聚丙烯酰胺(polyacrylamide, PAM)杂化凝胶固定化酶. 利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱面扫描(EDS)、粒度分析表征了杂化凝胶絮凝酶形貌、尺寸及分散性. 通过对酸碱度有效调控, 以及表面Zeta电位分析, 探寻了酶-纳米复合凝胶静电作用机制. 结果表明, 静电相互作用力对酶的负载和颗粒粒度分布影响较大, 在pH＝7.0, TiO₂和木瓜蛋白酶(papain, PA)质量比为7.5∶1时, 固定化酶负载量达121.84 mg/g, 负载率91.38%|杂化凝胶固定化酶尺寸约为0.444 μm左右, 固定化酶在杂化凝胶载体上高度分散. 该杂化凝胶絮凝酶经过5批次反应后相对酶活力能保持在50%以上. 可见由吸附-絮凝法制备的微纳尺度的杂化凝胶固定化酶, 分散性好, 稳定性好, 酶负载量高, 这是一种利用纳米材料和微纳结构进行固定化酶的新途径.     

反胶束固定化醇脱氢酶的制备及应用研究

研究十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)-辛烷-己醇反胶束体系固定化醇脱氢酶(ADH)的制备及应用。考察了含水量、CTAB和己醇用量对于ADH固定化的影响。对游离酶和固定化酶的催化动力学性质研究表明:酶促反应的最适pH值分别为8.2和8.8,最适温度分别为31℃和20℃,米氏常数分别为12mmol/L和7mmol/L。30℃时,游离酶存放150min后失活90%,固定化酶失活50%,表明反胶束固定化ADH有较好的热稳定性。应用此体系测定了试样中乙醇的含量。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.