量子点PbS修饰纳米结构TiO2复合膜的光电化学研究

用光电流作用谱、光电流-电势图等光电化学方法研究了ITO(铟锡氧化物导电玻璃)/TiO₂ /Q-PbS(量子点PbS)膜电极的光电转换性质。结果表明，由于量子尺寸的效应，在膜电极制备中，随着ITO/TiO₂电极在饱和Pb(CH₃COO)₂溶液中浸泡时间的不同，所制备的Q-PbS颗粒大小不同，禁带宽度随着浸泡时间的增大而减小，浸泡时间为40 s、在80 ℃烘干下制备的Q-PbS的禁带宽度为1.68 eV，其价带位置为-5.072 eV。Q-PbS修饰ITO/TiO₂电极可使光电流发生明显的红移，从而提高宽禁带半导体的光电转换效率。     

钛、铝和玻璃上TiO2光催化膜的失活研究

采用浸渍提拉法，在平行条件下制备了钛、铝和玻璃载体上的TiO₂膜TiO₂ / Ti、TiO₂ / Al和TiO₂ / G，利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和光催化降解实验等手段对膜样品进行了表征和活性评价。实验结果表明，在铝和玻璃基材上制膜时发生了显著的基材元素溢出，使各膜样品的化学组成不同，同时TiO₂粒子和膜表面形貌也因前驱物烧结行为不同而差异较大。TiO_{2相似文献}   

骨架结构多孔TiO2薄膜增强染料敏化太阳能电池性能

以空心球状TiO₂为基体、以片状TiO₂为骨架,采用刮刀法制备了染料敏化太阳能电池的多孔TiO₂光阳极薄膜。光电转化效率测试结果表明,当作为骨架支撑材料的片状TiO₂含量为20wt%时,光阳极薄膜组装成太阳能电池的光电转化效率达到最高值4.53%,比商业P₂₅制备的无孔无骨架TiO₂薄膜电池(4.06%)及无骨架结构的多孔TiO₂薄膜电池(4.17%)的性能均有显著提高。当片状TiO₂的最佳含量为20wt%电池薄膜厚度为33μm时,太阳能电池光电转化效率进一步提升为7.06%。光电性能增强的原因是骨架结构有利于快速传输电子并增大染料吸附量。本研究通过设计制备具有骨架结构的多孔TiO₂薄膜为提高染料敏化太阳能电池性能提供了新的思路。     

染料敏化太阳能电池中大孔TiO2薄膜电极的制备及应用

采用溶胶-凝胶水热法制备了TiO₂纳晶薄膜电极，晶型为锐钛矿型。为了提高电极的光电性能，利用聚苯乙烯小球做造孔剂，制备了含有大孔隙的TiO₂纳晶薄膜电极，孔径约为200 nm，该电极具有较好的光漫反射性能，更重要的是球形大孔的存在，提高了凝胶电解质在TiO₂薄膜电极中的渗透和I₃^-离子的扩散性能，与不含大孔的TiO₂电极相比，电池的短路光电流提高约2 mA·cm^-2，光电转换效率提高0.6%。     

骨架结构多孔TiO2薄膜增强染料敏化太阳能电池性能

以空心球状TiO₂为基体、以片状TiO₂为骨架,采用刮刀法制备了染料敏化太阳能电池的多孔TiO₂光阳极薄膜。光电转化效率测试结果表明,当作为骨架支撑材料的片状TiO₂含量为20wt%时,光阳极薄膜组装成太阳能电池的光电转化效率达到最高值4.53%,比商业P25制备的无孔无骨架TiO₂薄膜电池(4.06%)及无骨架结构的多孔TiO₂薄膜电池(4.17%)的性能均有显著提高。当片状TiO₂的最佳含量为20wt%电池薄膜厚度为33 μm时,太阳能电池光电转化效率进一步提升为7.06%。光电性能增强的原因是骨架结构有利于快速传输电子并增大染料吸附量。本研究通过设计制备具有骨架结构的多孔TiO₂薄膜为提高染料敏化太阳能电池性能提供了新的思路。     

3-己基噻吩和2-噻吩甲酸共聚物修饰纳米结构TiO2薄膜电极的光电性能研究

用光电流作用谱、光电流-电势图等光电化学方法研究了铟锡导电玻璃(ITO)/3-己基噻吩和2-噻吩甲酸共聚物(CTCHT)膜电极以及ITO/TiO₂/3-己基噻吩和2-噻吩甲酸共聚物(CTCHT)复合膜电极的光电转换性质. 结果表明, CTCHT膜为p-型半导体, 禁带宽度为2.44 eV, 价带位置为－5.73 eV. 研究表明在ITO/TiO₂/CTCHT复合膜电极中存在p-n异质结, p-n异质结的存在能够使光生电子和空穴有效的分离, 有效地降低了电荷的反向复合几率, 提高了光电转换效率, CTCHT膜修饰ITO/TiO₂电极可使光电流增强, 使宽禁带半导体电极的光电转换效率得到改善.     

3-己基噻吩和2-噻吩甲酸共聚物修饰纳米结构TiO2薄膜电极的光电性能研究

用光电流作用谱、光电流-电势图等光电化学方法研究了铟锡导电玻璃(ITO)/3-己基噻吩和2-噻吩甲酸共聚物(CTCHT)膜电极以及ITO/TiO₂/3-己基噻吩和2-噻吩甲酸共聚物(CTCHT)复合膜电极的光电转换性质. 结果表明, CTCHT膜为p-型半导体, 禁带宽度为2.44 eV, 价带位置为－5.73 eV. 研究表明在ITO/TiO₂/CTCHT复合膜电极中存在p-n异质结, p-n异质结的存在能够使光生电子和空穴有效的分离, 有效地降低了电荷的反向复合几率, 提高了光电转换效率, CTCHT膜修饰ITO/TiO₂电极可使光电流增强, 使宽禁带半导体电极的光电转换效率得到改善.     

TiO2微粒功能化多孔Al2O3膜的光电化学研究

用恒电位法制备了多孔Al₂O₃薄膜, 通过在Al₂O₃薄膜孔内水蒸汽水解钛酸异丙酯生成了锐钛矿型TiO₂微粒, 制备出了Al₂O₃与TiO₂微粒的复合薄膜. 用XRD, SEM, 光电化学方法进行了研究. 实验表明: 该复合薄膜具有光电转换特性, 在光催化、光电化学太阳能转换中具有应用价值.     

TiO2薄膜空气-水界面自组装的研究

本文采用十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)作模板并以明胶作稳定剂，在空气-水的界面上组装TiO₂薄膜。结果表明，采用明胶稳定的薄膜具有良好的机械强度。采用X射线角度扫描技术(AD)原位检测薄膜的结构，并用X射线宽角衍射(WAXS)和小角衍射(SAXS)技术对经后续处理的TiO₂薄膜结构进行了表征。研究发现，明胶的加入可显著降低薄膜中TiO₂颗粒细度；经洗涤后，此复合薄膜材料可转换成纯层状的TiO₂薄膜。分析了明胶稳定TiO相似文献   

纳米结构TiO2/聚3-甲基噻吩多孔膜电极光电化学研究

用光电流作用谱、光电流-电势图、紫外-可见吸收光谱等光电化学方法研究了导电玻璃(ITO)/TiO₂/聚3-甲基噻吩(PMT)电极的光电转换性质. 结果表明, PMT膜为p型半导体, 其禁带宽度为1.93 eV. 并通过循环伏安和光电化学方法确定了其导带位置为－3.44 eV, 价带为－5.37 eV, 在纳米TiO₂与PMT之间存在p-n异质结, ITO/TiO₂/PMT电极不仅提高了光电流, 而且使产生光电流的起始波长红移至＞600 nm, 从而提高了宽禁带半导体的光电转换效率.     

Preparation and Characterization of Bismuth Doped TiO2 Thin Films

A series of Bismuth-doped titanium oxide (Bi-doped TiO₂) thin films on glass substrates have been prepared by sol-gel dip coating process. The prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD and XPS. The photocatlytic activity of the thin film catalysts was evaluated through the photodegradation of aqueous methyl orange under UV illumination. The experiments demonstrated that the Bi-doped TiO₂ prepared was anatase phase. The doped bismuth was in the 3⁺ oxidation state. The presence of Bi significantly enhanced the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ films. At calcination temperature of 500°C, with doping concentration of 2 wt %, Bi-doped TiO₂ thin film showed the highest photocatalyic activity.     

Preparation of TiO2 Thin Film Photocatalysts by Dip Coating Using a Highly Viscous Solvent

TiO₂ thin film photocatalysts coated onto soda lime glass were prepared by a dip coating process using a highly viscous solvent. The source of the TiO₂ was tetraisopropyl orthotitanate, and -terpineol was used as the solvent. Two types of thin film preparation procedures based on dip coating (a sol-gel system and thermal decomposition system) were used to prepare the samples. TiO₂ thin films were obtained after calcination at 450°C for 1 hour. The film thickness obtained with a single dipping was proportional to the viscosity of the dip coating solutions. The obtained thin films were transparent with a thickness of 1 m. The crystal form of the obtained photocatalyst films was anatase alone. The thin films were formed with aggregated nano-sized TiO₂ single crystals (7–15 nm). The photocatalytic activity of the TiO₂ thin films, as evaluated by the photooxidation of NO (1 ppm) in dry air, was as high as our previous TiO₂ thin films prepared by the sol-gel method.     

Preparation and Formation Mechanism of Porous TiO2 Films Using PEG and Alcohol Solvent as Double-Templates

Porous nanocrystalline TiO₂ anatase thin films have been synthesized on glass substrates via a sol-gel dip-coating method. The coating sol was obtained by suppressed hydrolysis of Ti(OC₄H₉)₄ through the addition of complexing molecules as stabilizers in an alcohol solution containing polyethylene glycol (PEG). Chemical changes taking place during the sol-gel process were discussed based on IR spectra analysis. A model concerning the pore formation was established to explain the role of PEG and solvent with core-shell configuration as double-templates. The structural characteristics of porous TiO₂ films were found to greatly depend on the concentration and molecular weight of PEG, the types of stabilizing agents and solvents. The pore size of the films was tunable in the range of 10–500 nm and their surface area varied from 51 to 72 m²·g^–1.     

Characterization of TiO2 nanotube arrays prepared via anodization of titanium films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering

Highly ordered TiO₂ nanotube arrays were fabricated on a conducting glass substrate in NH₄HF₂/glycol electrolyte via anodization of titanium film which was deposited by direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) at different temperatures. The results showed that Ti films with good homogeneity and high denseness could be formed under the conditions Ar pressure 0.35 Pa, direct current 3.5 A, and 2 h at 300 °C. Characterization of the TiO₂ nanotube arrays was investigated comparatively, by altering anodization time. The surface morphology of the samples changed as the anodization time was prolonged from 10 to 150 min at 30 V. The TiO₂ thin film was amorphous and could be transformed into anatase by annealing at 450 °C. On the basis of UV?Cvisible transmission spectra the bandgap of the thin film was calculated to be 3.12 eV, and its tail extended to 2.6 eV.     

Low Temperature Sol-Gel Preparation of Nanocrystalline TiO2 Thin Films

TiO₂ nanocrystalline thin films with varying degree of porosity have been prepared using a low temperature method. TiO₂ films of the anatase form have been obtained by using a polyethylene glycol (PEG) modified sol-gel method. Densification and crystallization of the films was found to result from the thermal treatment of the dip coated films in boiling water. The films have been characterized by Raman, XRD, FTIR, AFM and optical methods. Highly transparent films with transmission in excess of 85% and porosity as high as 58% are formed predominantly of anatase crystallites of dimensions of the order of 5 nm. Initial results on lithium intercalation into these films resulting in an efficient optical modulation in the visible and near infrared regions demonstrate a good potential of these films for electrochromic applications.     

Bandgap modification of TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> sol–gel films by Fe and Ni doping

Nickle and iron doped TiO₂ thin films were prepared on glass substrates by sol–gel dip coating process. Indirect and direct optical energy gaps were calculated with the incorporation of different concentrations of both the ions. Indirect bandgap was found to be a strong function of the dopant concentration, whereas direct energy gap has negligible dependence on the nature of dopant and its concentration. Direct energy gap has always been found to retain a value higher than the indirect energy gap. Variation of observed energy gap properties shows a trend similar to that reported on the basis of numerical calculations or the samples obtained by other techniques. Increase in refractive index and corresponding density of the film sample does not support the change in turn over frequency. The influence of crystalline phase change is also ruled out by XRD investigations. It is concluded that red shift of band edge absorption takes place by incorporation of dopant and sol–gel dip coating technique offers an effective low cost route to the production of these coatings.     

Structure and photochromic properties of molybdenumphosphoric acid/TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> composite films

TiO₂ sol-gel composite films with dropping molybdenumphosphoric acid (PMoA) have been prepared by sol-gel method. The structure and constitute of composite thin films were studied with Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, respectively. The photochromic behavior and mechanism of composite thin films were investigated with ultraviolet-visible spectra (UV-vis) and electron spin resonance (ESR). FT-IR results showed that the Keggin geometry of PMoA was still preserved inside PMoA/TiO₂ composite thin films, and a charge transfer bridge was built at the interface of PMoA and TiO₂ through the Mo-O-Ti bond. Surface topography of the composite film showed obvious changes before/after adding PMoA, and the surface topography of composite films showed obvious changes before/after irradiating as well. Composite thin film had reversible photochromic properties. Irradiated with UV light, transparent films changed from colorless to blue and they can bleach completely with ambient air in the dark. ESR results showed that TiO₂ were excitated by UV light to produce electrons, which deoxidized PMoA to produce heteropolyblues. The photochromic process of PMoA/TiO₂ system was carried through electron transfer mechanism.     

Fabrication of Ordered TiO2 Porous Thin Films by Sol-Dipping PS Template Method

Monolayer polystyrene spheres (∼400 nm) array templates were assembled orderly on clean glass substrates by dip-drawing method from emulsion of PS and porous TiO₂ thin films were prepared by using sol-dipping template method to fill TiO₂ sol into the interstices among the close-packed PS templates and then annealing to remove the PS templates. The effects of TiO₂ precursor sol concentration and dipping time in sol on the porous structure of the thin films were studied. The results showed pore size of the ordered TiO₂ porous thin film depended mainly on PS size and partly on TiO₂ sol concentration. The shrinkage of pore diameter was about 10% for 0.2 M and 20% for 0.4 M TiO₂ sol concentrations. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra indicated the porous thin film was anatase structure. The transmittance spectrum showed that optical transmittance of the porous thin film kept above 70% beyond the wavelength of 430 nm. Optical band-gap of the porous TiO₂ thin film (fired at 550^∘;C) was 3.12 eV.     

Molecular Assembly by Sequential Ionic Adsorption of Nanocrystalline TiO2 and a Conjugated Polymer

Abstract

Cationic nanocrystalline TiO₂ particles have been synthesized for which the size and composition of the nanoparticles were analyzed by a transmission emission microscopy and energy dispersive x‐ray spectrometer (EDXS). Multilayered films have been fabricated by sequential adsorption of TiO₂ nanoparticles and poly(3‐thiophene acetic acid) (PTAA). Each layer of the nanoparticles and PTAA in the thin film has also been characterized by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and UV‐visible spectroscopy. These types of multilayered nanocomposite films may find applications in the fabrication of efficient light harvesting photovoltaic cells.     

Preparation of nanocrystalline TiO2 thin film at low temperature and its application in dye-sensitized solar cell

The electrophoretic deposition combined with common pressure hydrothermal treatment was employed to prepare nanocrystalline TiO₂ thin film from suspension of tetra-n-butyl titanate and P25 at low temperature. The tetra-n-butyl titanate was hydrolyzed and crystallized into anatase to interconnect nanocrystalline TiO₂ particles and to stick them to a conductive substrate by common pressure hydrothermal treatment to improve the electron transport properties of the deposited thin film. A dye-sensitized solar cell based on TiO₂ thin film prepared by the low temperature method yielded the conversion efficiency of 6.12%. Due to the relative slower electron transport rate in the deposited film, its conversion efficiency was slightly lower than that of the cell with TiO₂ thin film prepared by the conventional high temperature sintering method. Since it is free of high temperature sintering step, this method can be used to prepare nanocrystalline TiO₂ thin film on plastic polymer conductive substrate for fabrication of flexible dye-sensitized solar cell.