Cu催化吲哚啉的炔丙基烷基化/脱氢对映选择性合成手性N-炔丙基吲哚化合物(英文)

基于吲哚啉的Cu催化不对称炔丙基烷基化及DDQ脱氢策略,成功合成了手性N-炔丙基吲哚化合物.通过使用一个结构刚性的酮亚胺三齿P,N,N-配体,反应获得了很好的对映选择性.该方法反应条件温和、底物适用范围广、产物收率高、立体选择性好,为手性N-炔丙基吲哚化合物的合成提供了一条简捷、高效的新途径.     

基于化学和对映选择性转移氢化的β,γ-炔基α-氨基酸酯的催化不对称合成研究（英文）

报道了一个通过β,γ-炔基α-亚胺酸酯的化学和对映选择性转移氢化反应来合成光学纯β,γ-炔基α-氨基酸酯的方法.该不对称还原反应所展示出的优秀的化学选择性是由手性磷酸作为催化剂以及苯并噻唑啉作为氢负供体实现的.反应展示出了良好的官能团兼容性,高对映选择性地合成了一系列光学活性的非天然氨基酸酯化合物.     

醛对羟鎓叶立德的对映选择性捕捉: 铑/锆共催化芳基重氮酸酯﹑ 苄醇和醛的三组分反应

多组分有机化学反应就是多个反应原料同时参与反应, 一步形成多个化学键. 不对称催化多组分反应需要手性催化剂在过渡态中同时控制三个以上的底物. 不对称催化多组分反应的挑战性在于要同时控制高的化学选择性﹑非对映选择性和对映选择性. 华东师范大学胡文浩科研小组与中国科学院成都有机化学研究所合作发现了一类基于捕捉活泼羟鎓叶立德中间体的三组分新反应可以一步合成α,β-双羟基芳基乙酸酯类化合物. 近期在调控反应选择性方面取得突破性进展, 筛选出一类手性锆催化剂, 成功实现了该类三组分反应的高立体选择性不对称催化, 生成赤式为主的产物对映选择性达98%, 从而为高效构建该类手性化合物提供了一条新的绿色合成途径.     

由葫芦脲和苯胺构筑的假聚轮烷及其自由基稳定性的研究

多组分有机化学反应就是多个反应原料同时参与反应, 一步形成多个化学键. 不对称催化多组分反应需要手性催化剂在过渡态中同时控制三个以上的底物. 不对称催化多组分反应的挑战性在于要同时控制高的化学选择性﹑非对映选择性和对映选择性. 华东师范大学胡文浩科研小组与中国科学院成都有机化学研究所合作发现了一类基于捕捉活泼羟鎓叶立德中间体的三组分新反应可以一步合成α,β-双羟基芳基乙酸酯类化合物. 近期在调控反应选择性方面取得突破性进展, 筛选出一类手性锆催化剂, 成功实现了该类三组分反应的高立体选择性不对称催化, 生成赤式为主的产物对映选择性达98%, 从而为高效构建该类手性化合物提供了一条新的绿色合成途径.     

亚胺的不对称催化氢化研究进展

手性胺化合物是重要的有机合成中间体,在农药、医药及精细化学品合成中有着广泛的应用,而通过亚胺的不对称催化氢化是获得手性胺化合物最直接、最高效的方法之一.近二十年来,亚胺的不对称催化氢化取得了重大进展.各种高活性、高立体选择性的手性配体和催化剂被设计并合成出来,各种新的不对称催化方法和策略被发展并得到成功应用,各种特殊及挑战性亚胺底物的氢化取得重要突破.然而亚胺的不对称催化氢化反应依然存在着诸如反应活性低、底物范围窄、反应条件苛刻、催化剂不易回收等问题.因此,发展更加高效、高选择性、环境友好的不对称氢化方法,是未来亚胺的不对称催化氢化发展的方向.从亚胺的类型入手,就环状和非环状的亚胺的不对称催化氢化反应的研究进展进行综述.     

铜催化的立体选择性Doyle-Kirmse反应

以重氮化合物和烯丙基硫醚/炔丙基硫醚为反应底物,通过手性辅基和大位阻配体的不对称双诱导策略,高对映选择性地实现了经由铜卡宾产生硫叶立德的不对称[2,3]-σ重排反应(Doyle-Kirmse反应).脱除手性辅基后反应最高可以得到96%ee对映选择性.机理探究实验表明,反应很可能经历了自由的叶立德重排过程.该反应被进一步应用到含手性中心烯丙基硫醚的动力学拆分中.     

铜催化炔丙醇酯与β-羰基膦酸酯的不对称[3+2]环加成反应合成手性膦酰化2,3-二氢呋喃

手性2,3-二氢呋喃衍生物是一类重要的杂环化合物,广泛存在于天然产物和生物活性分子中.它们也经常被用于手性四氢呋喃化合物的不对称合成.因此,人们发展了很多合成手性2,3-二氢呋喃化合物的方法,如有机小分子催化的多米诺迈克尔-烷基化反应、“中断的”Feist-Bénary反应或改进的 Feist-Bénary反应.此外,过渡金属催化的手性2,3-二氢呋喃的不对称合成在近些年引起了人们的极大关注. Ozawa等通过 Pd-催化2,3-二氢呋喃的动力拆分方法获得了手性2-芳基-2,3-二氢呋喃. Evans发展了一种 Sc-催化联烯硅和乙醛酸乙酯的[3+2]环加成反应合成手性2,3-二氢呋喃的方法.最近, Fu和 Tang等发展了 Cu催化烯酮和重氮化合物的[4+1]环加成反应合成手性2,3-二氢呋喃的方法.在 Nishibayashi和 van Maarseveen的开创性工作之后, Cu催化的不对称炔丙基转化反应取得了很大的进展.最近,我们发展了一类新的三齿手性 P,N,N-配体,在 Cu催化不对称炔丙基取代、脱羧炔丙基取代、[3+2]、[3+3]和[4+2]环加成反应中表现出优秀的对映和非对映选择性.其中,我们发现采用 Cu催化炔丙醇酯和β-酮酯的[3+2]环加成反应,能高对映选择性地获得手性2,3-二氢呋喃.我们设想,采用β-羰基膦酸酯代替β-酮酯,通过这种 Cu催化[3+2]环加成反应,将可以合成一类具有重要生物活性的手性膦酰化2,3-二氢呋喃化合物.基于这种设想,本文使用手性 P,N,N-配体,通过 Cu催化炔丙醇酯与β-羰基膦酸酯的不对称[3+2]环加成反应,以很好的收率和最高92% ee的对映选择性获得了一系列光学活性的膦酰化2,3-二氢呋喃化合物.我们以炔丙醇酯1a与β-羰基膦酸酯2a为标准底物,优化了反应条件,考察了配体、Cu盐、碱和反应温度等对反应收率和对映选择性的影响.我们确定了最佳的反应条件：以4b为配体,以 Cu(OTf)2为铜盐,以t-BuOK为碱,以 MeOH为溶剂,–20oC反应24 h.在此条件下,我们对β-羰基磷酸酯2的适用范围进行了考察.结果表明,各种苯基取代的β-羰膦磷酸酯均能得到很好的收率和对映选择性.苯环上取代基的空间效应对反应的对映选择性影响不大,但对反应收率影响较大,与相应3-取代或4-取代底物相比较,2-取代的底物获得的收率较低.苯环对位取代基的电子效应对反应的影响不大,给电子基或吸电子基的底物,均得到了较好的收率和对映选择性.杂环取代的底物同样适用于该反应,以90%的收率和89% ee的对映选择性获得了相应的[3+2]环加成产物.对于烷基底物,虽然反应的产率略低,但是得到了高达92% ee的产物.此外,我们对炔丙醇酯底物的适用范围也进行了考察.结果表明,该体系对于各种取代的炔丙醇酯底物均可以获得较高的收率和良好的对映选择性.总之,本文发展了一种铜催化炔丙醇酯与β-羰基膦酸酯的不对称[3+2]环加成反应的方法,成功合成了手性膦酰化2,3-二氢呋喃化合物.通过使用一个结构刚性的酮亚胺三齿 P,N,N-配体,以很好的收率和最高92% ee的对映选择性获得了一系列光学活性的膦酰化2,3-二氢呋喃化合物.     

铜催化炔丙醇酯与β-羰基膦酸酯的不对称[3+2]环加成反应合成手性膦酰化2,3-二氢呋喃（英文）

手性2,3-二氢呋喃衍生物是一类重要的杂环化合物,广泛存在于天然产物和生物活性分子中.它们也经常被用于手性四氢呋喃化合物的不对称合成.因此,人们发展了很多合成手性2,3-二氢呋喃化合物的方法,如有机小分子催化的多米诺迈克尔-烷基化反应、"中断的"Feist-Bénary反应或改进的Feist-Bénary反应.此外,过渡金属催化的手性2,3-二氢呋喃的不对称合成在近些年引起了人们的极大关注.Ozawa等通过Pd-催化2,3-二氢呋喃的动力拆分方法获得了手性2-芳基-2,3-二氢呋喃.Evans发展了一种Sc-催化联烯硅和乙醛酸乙酯的[3+2]环加成反应合成手性2,3-二氢呋喃的方法.最近,Fu和Tang等发展了Cu催化烯酮和重氮化合物的[4+1]环加成反应合成手性2,3-二氢呋喃的方法.在Nishibayashi和vanMaarseveen的开创性工作之后,Cu催化的不对称炔丙基转化反应取得了很大的进展.最近,我们发展了一类新的三齿手性P,N,N-配体,在Cu催化不对称炔丙基取代、脱羧炔丙基取代、[3+2]、[3+3]和[4+2]环加成反应中表现出优秀的对映和非对映选择性.其中,我们发现采用Cu催化炔丙醇酯和β-酮酯的[3+2]环加成反应,能高对映选择性地获得手性2,3-二氢呋喃.我们设想,采用β-羰基膦酸酯代替β-酮酯,通过这种Cu催化[3+2]环加成反应,将可以合成一类具有重要生物活性的手性膦酰化2,3-二氢呋喃化合物.基于这种设想,本文使用手性P,N,N-配体,通过Cu催化炔丙醇酯与β-羰基膦酸酯的不对称[3+2]环加成反应,以很好的收率和最高92%ee的对映选择性获得了一系列光学活性的膦酰化2,3-二氢呋喃化合物.我们以炔丙醇酯1a与β-羰基膦酸酯2a为标准底物,优化了反应条件,考察了配体、Cu盐、碱和反应温度等对反应收率和对映选择性的影响.我们确定了最佳的反应条件:以4b为配体,以Cu(OTf)_2为铜盐,以t-BuOK为碱,以MeOH为溶剂,–20oC反应24h.在此条件下,我们对β-羰基磷酸酯2的适用范围进行了考察.结果表明,各种苯基取代的β-羰膦磷酸酯均能得到很好的收率和对映选择性.苯环上取代基的空间效应对反应的对映选择性影响不大,但对反应收率影响较大,与相应3-取代或4-取代底物相比较,2-取代的底物获得的收率较低.苯环对位取代基的电子效应对反应的影响不大,给电子基或吸电子基的底物,均得到了较好的收率和对映选择性.杂环取代的底物同样适用于该反应,以90%的收率和89%ee的对映选择性获得了相应的[3+2]环加成产物.对于烷基底物,虽然反应的产率略低,但是得到了高达92%ee的产物.此外,我们对炔丙醇酯底物的适用范围也进行了考察.结果表明,该体系对于各种取代的炔丙醇酯底物均可以获得较高的收率和良好的对映选择性.总之,本文发展了一种铜催化炔丙醇酯与β-羰基膦酸酯的不对称[3+2]环加成反应的方法,成功合成了手性膦酰化2,3-二氢呋喃化合物.通过使用一个结构刚性的酮亚胺三齿P,N,N-配体,以很好的收率和最高92%ee的对映选择性获得了一系列光学活性的膦酰化2,3-二氢呋喃化合物.     

可见光氧化还原催化炔基化反应的研究进展

炔烃的合成与转化一直是合成化学领域一个重要的研究内容,如何在有机分子中高效快速地引入炔基官能团一直备受关注.光氧化还原催化可利用绿色清洁的光能在较为温和的条件下产生高活性的自由基中间体,被广泛地应用于有机合成中.相对于传统过渡金属催化的Sonogashira反应,光氧化还原催化炔基化反应在最近十年取得了长足发展,且与前者形成了很好的互补之势.该类炔基化反应既可通过端炔与铜形成的炔铜中间体进行,又可通过非端炔的炔基自由基或炔基的自由基加成消除进行.此外,由于能用于该光催化炔基化反应的自由基源种类众多,使得传统Sonogashira反应类型得到了很好补充.根据炔基化反应成键的类型,对近年来可见光促进的炔基化反应进行了简要总结.     

基于配位辅助的烯烃催化不对称炔氢化

烯烃的不对称氢官能团化是一个重要的研究方向.从简单的烯烃原料出发,通过该方法可以高效构建手性分子.多取代烯烃的不对称氢官能团化仍然是一个挑战.一方面,烯烃有两个反应位点,反应的区域选择性需要进行有效的控制.另一方面,如果反应生成了多个手性中心,则涉及到非对映选择性的控制.此外,还需要控制反应的对映选择性.因此,此类研究的关键在于如何发展有效的催化体系,以同时实现区域选择性、非对映选择性及对映选择性的高效控制.针对这一问题,我们采用配位辅助策略,利用底物中的配位基团及烯烃与金属中心形成双位点配位模式,从而有效控制烯烃转化的区域选择性及立体选择性.以烯烃不对称炔氢化作为模型转化,以研究多取代烯烃催化不对称转化中的选择性控制.     

Asymmetric synthesis and structure-activity studies of the fungal metabolites colletorin A,colletochlorin A and their halogenates analogues

The first asymmetric total synthesis of both enantiomers of the natural products colletorin A and colletochlorin A is presented. The proposed methodology is based on the coupling reaction between highly substituted aromatic Gilman cuprates and optically active allyl bromides, in turn obtained by Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation. The latter ensured a high degree of regio- and stereocontrol in the enantioselective step of the synthesis. The same synthetic strategy has been also applied for the preparation of differently halogenated synthetic analogues of colletochlorin A in high enantiomeric purity. The enantioselective synthesis of colletorin A and colletochlorin A allows to reliably assign their absolute configuration. Preliminary assessment of their herbicidal and insecticidal properties evidence the possibility to modulate the bioactivity of these compounds, highlighting its dependence on both the absolute stereochemistry and the halogen nature.     

Enantioselective total syntheses of several bioactive natural products based on the development of practical asymmetric catalysis

I present herewith enantioselective total syntheses of several bioactive natural products, such as (-)-strychnine, (+)-decursin, (-)-cryptocaryolone diacetate, (-)-fluoxetine, and aeruginosin 298-A, based on practical asymmetric catalyses (Michael reaction, epoxidation, and phase-transfer reaction) that I developed with co-workers in Prof. Shibasaki's group over the past 5 years. In the first part of this review, I discuss the great improvement of catalyst efficiency in an ALB-catalyzed asymmetric Michael reaction of malonate and application to the pre-manufacturing scale (greater than kilogram scale) and enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-strychnine with the development of novel domino cyclization. To broaden the substrate generality of the Michael reaction, we developed a highly stable, storable, and reusable La-O-linked-BINOL complex. Further extension of the reaction using beta-keto ester as a Michael donor was achieved with the development of a La-NR-linked-BINOL complex, thereby improving indole alkaloid syntheses. In the second section, I discuss enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-decursin using catalytic asymmetric epoxidation. To achieve the synthesis, we developed a new La-BINOL-Ph(3)As = O (1:1:1) complex catalyst system, which has much higher reactivity and broader substrate generality than the previously developed catalyst systems. This allowed us to achieve catalytic asymmetric epoxidation of alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives with high enantioselectivity and broad substrate generality for the first time by changing the lanthanide metal and reaction conditions. Among them, catalytic asymmetric epoxidation of alpha,beta-unsaturated morpholinyl amides is quite useful in terms of synthetic utility of the corresponding alpha,beta-epoxy morpholinyl amides. Highly catalyst-controlled enantio- or diastereoselective epoxidation of the alpha,beta-unsaturated morpholinyl amides, coupled with diastereoselective reduction of beta-hydroxy ketones, enabled the synthesis of all possible stereoisomers of 1,3-polyol arrays with successful enantioselective total synthesis of several 1,3-polyol natural products, such as (-)-cryptocaryolone diacetate. In addition, the development of a new regioselective epoxide-opening reaction of alpha,beta-epoxy amides to the corresponding alpha- and beta-hydroxy amides enhanced the usefulness of the present epoxidation and was applied to the enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-fluoxetine. In the final section, I report the development of a new asymmetric two-center organocatalyst (TaDiAS) and its application to the enantioselective synthesis of aeruginosin 298-A and its analogues. Because of the remarkable structural diversity of TaDiAS, a practical asymmetric phase-transfer reaction with broad substrate generality was achieved. As a result, we succeeded in developing a highly versatile synthetic method for aeruginosin 298-A and its analogues. Inhibitory activity studies of the compounds against the serine protease trypsin provided preliminary information about their structure-activity relations.     

Remarkable salt effect on In-mediated allylation of N-tert-butanesulfinyl imines in aqueous media: highly practical asymmetric synthesis of chiral homoallylic amines and isoindolinones

A highly practical and efficient asymmetric synthesis of chiral homoallylic amines by In-mediated allylation of chiral N-tert-butanesulfinyl imines in aqueous media at room temperature was developed. With 2-formylbenzoate imine substrates, the method allows the highly enantioselective achievement of a variety of pharmacologically important 3-allyl isoindolinone compounds.     

Catalytic Asymmetric Hetero-Diels-Alder Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds and Imines

Asymmetric catalysis is a challenge for chemists: How can we design catalysts to achieve the goal of forming optically active compounds? This review provides the reader with an overview of the development of catalytic asymmetric hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of carbonyl compounds and imines. Since its discovery, the Diels-Alder reaction has undergone intensive development and is of fundamental importance for synthetic, physical, and theoretical chemists. The Diels-Alder reaction has been through different stages of development, and at the beginning of the 21st century catalytic Diels-Alder reactions are one of the main areas of focus. The preparation of numerous compounds of importance for our society is based on cycloaddition reactions to carbonyl compounds and imines. There are several parallels between the reactions of carbonyl compounds and those of imines, which, however, begin to vanish on entering the field of catalytic reactions. Why? From a mechanistic point of view some similarities can be drawn, but the synthetic development of catalytic enantioselective hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of imines are several years behind those of the carbonyl compounds. For hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of carbonyl compounds there a number of different chiral catalysts, and great progress has been achieved in developing enantioselective reactions for unactivated and activated carbonyl compounds. In contrast the development of catalytic enantioselective hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of imines is in its infancy and only few catalytic reactions have been published. This review will focus on the most important developments, and discuss the synthetic and mechanistic aspects of enantioselective hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of carbonyl compounds catalyzed by chiral Lewis acids. For the hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of imines, the diastereoselective reactions of optically substrates catalyzed by Lewis acids will be presented first, followed by the catalytic enantioselective reactions.     

Enantioselective Staudinger synthesis of beta-lactams catalyzed by a planar-chiral nucleophile

The development of efficient methods for the stereoselective generation of beta-lactams is an important goal, due to their biological activity and their utility as synthetic intermediates. The Staudinger reaction, an overall [2 + 2] cycloaddition of a ketene with an imine, provides a nicely convergent route to this family of compounds. Nearly all studies to date of asymmetric variants of the Staudinger reaction have focused on the use of chiral auxiliaries to control the stereochemistry of the beta-lactam. In this report, we establish that a planar-chiral derivative of 4-(pyrrolidino)pyridine serves as a very effective enantioselective catalyst for the Staudinger beta-lactam synthesis, coupling a range of symmetrical and unsymmetrical ketenes with an array of imines with very good stereoselection and yield.     

Asymmetric Mannich reactions with in situ generation of carbamate-protected imines by an organic catalyst

The instability of carbamate-protected alkyl imines has greatly hampered the development of catalytic asymmetric Mannich reactions suitable for the synthesis of optically active carbamate-protected chiral alkyl amines. A highly enantioselective Mannich reaction with in situ generation of carbamate-protected imines from stable alpha-amido sulfones catalyzed by an organic catalyst was developed. This reaction provides a concise and highly enantioselective route converting aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes into optically active aryl and alkyl beta-amino acids. [reaction: see text].     

Catalytic Enantioselective Reaction of Allenylnitriles with Imines Using Chiral Bis(imidazoline)s Palladium(II) Pincer Complexes

The first highly enantioselective reaction of allenylnitriles with imines has been developed. Excellent yields and enantioselectivities were observed for the reaction with various imines using chiral Phebim‐Pd^II complexes. This process offers a simple and efficient synthetic route for various functionalized α‐vinylidene‐β‐aminonitriles and their derivatives.     

Asymmetric Catalytic Approaches Employing α,β-Unsaturated Imines

Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds have consistently been a noticeable center of attention due to their significant utilization in the domain of synthetic organic chemistry, agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals. α,β-Unsaturated imines or conjugated imines provide a lot of significant cyclic as well as acyclic products through reacting with a versatile family of compounds. This review summarizes the recent advances in enantioselective reactions of α,β-unsaturated imines by using synthetic methodologies for synthesizing various nitrogen-containing heterocycles that contain four to six-membered rings. The synthesis of rarely found seven-, eight- and nine-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycles have also been reported.     

Asymmetric Disulfonimide‐Catalyzed Synthesis of δ‐Amino‐β‐Ketoester Derivatives by Vinylogous Mukaiyama–Mannich Reactions

An organocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of δ‐amino‐β‐ketoester derivatives has been developed. A chiral disulfonimide (DSI) serves as a highly efficient precatalyst for a vinylogous Mukaiyama–Mannich reaction of readily available dioxinone‐derived silyloxydienes with N‐Boc‐protected imines, delivering products in excellent yields and enantioselectivities. The synthetic utility of this reaction is illustrated in various transformations, including a new C? C bond‐forming reaction, which provide useful enantioenriched building blocks. The methodology is applied in a formal synthesis of (?)‐lasubin.