反应介质对溶剂热法合成CuS晶体的影响

以氯化铜、硫脲为反应物,通过溶剂热法合成了具有不同形貌的微纳米分级结构CuS晶体,研究了不同反应介质对材料的形貌、晶体结构以及反应产量等的影响。结果表明,以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂,可以得到微米级六角花状CuS晶体;以乙二醇或者水/DMF混合物为溶剂,得到的CuS晶体为微米球花状。CuS晶体的产量随着溶剂中水所占比例的增大,呈现先上升后下降的结果,当V_(DMF)∶V_(H_2O)=1∶1时得到CuS的最大产量,为理论产量的64.5%。当V_(DMF)∶V_(H_2O)=2∶1时得到的CuS晶体具有良好的光催化活性,能够在氙灯模拟的自然光照射2.5 h以内使罗丹明B污染物溶液的脱色率达到96.7%。     

水热法合成多金属氧酸盐棒状超细晶体

以SrCl₂·6H₂O、(NH₄)₆P₂Mo₁₈O₆₂·nH₂O为原料，在PEG-600/H₂O微乳体系中于80～130 ℃温度下水热反应8～12 h，从而制得一种多金属氧酸盐棒状超细晶体，组成是Sr₃P₂Mo₁₈O₆₂·nH₂O。该超细晶体具有长棒状形貌、高结晶度且分散性能较好，长度范围在10.0～20.0 μm，径度在1.0～2.0 μm。对反应体系中的PEG-600/H₂O体积比(V_PEC-600∶V_H2O)、水热温度以及(NH₄)₆P₂Mo₁₈O₆₂·nH₂O/SrCl₂·6H₂O质量比(W_POMs∶W_SrCl2·6H2O)3个影响因素进行了探讨，结果表明：V_PEC-600∶V_H2O主要对棒状超细晶体的形貌、长径比以及晶体结晶度有着重要影响，体积比在范围V_PEC-600∶V_H2O=(1.50～2.00)∶1.00有利于大长径比的棒状超细晶体的形成；水热温度则优选80～130 ℃范围，过低则不发生反应，过高则发生了多金属氧酸盐与PEG-600的氧化-还原反应；W_POMs∶W_SrCl2·6H2O基本上不影响超细晶体的形成。还初步探讨了该棒状超细晶体的形成机理。     

一种新型Ni(Ⅱ)配位聚合物{[Ni(C18H18N4O5)(DMF)]·(DMF)}n的合成、晶体结构和性质研究

溶剂热法合成了1个新配位聚合物{[Ni(C₁₈H₁₈N₄O₅)(DMF)]·(DMF)}_n。通过元素分析、红外光谱、热重以及X-射线单晶洐射对其进行了表征。该晶体为正交晶系,Pna2₁空间群。该化合物中,C₁₈H₁₈N₄O₅配体通过5个配位原子以及相邻的溶剂分子DMF上的1个配位原子与Ni(Ⅱ)原子配位,形成了1个扭曲的八面体配位构型。热重分析表明该化合物在140 ℃开始发生分解。     

一元醇热法制备SrHfO3：Ce超微球发光粒子

以Sr(NO₃)₂和HfOCl₂·8H₂O为原料,乙醇/水作溶剂,KOH为矿化剂,Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O作为激活剂,用一元醇热法制备了掺杂Ce³⁺的SrHfO₃超微球粒子。用XRD、SEM、荧光光度计分析了粒子合成过程的物相变化、形貌特征及激发和发射光谱。结果表明：在n_Sr：n_Hf=1：1,V_C2H5OH：V_H2O=4：1,水热合成温度140℃,反应时间4h,pH=13.5的条件下,获得SrHfO₃：Ce形貌为球微、分散均匀的粒子,粒径约900nm。当Ce³⁺掺杂浓度为0.7mol%时发光强度最大。     

双核镍(Ⅱ)配合物的合成、晶体结构和磁性质

合成了通过N-N键桥联的不对称的N₂O₃席夫碱配体(H₃L)的镍(Ⅱ)配合物[Ni₂(HL)₂]₂(DMF)₈(H₂O)₂ (1)。配合物晶体属于三斜晶系，空间群为P1，a=1.273 5(2) nm，b=1.360 4(3) nm，c=1.427 6(3) nm，α=85.358(4)°，β=63.513(3)°，γ=79.545(4)°，V=2.176 8(7) nm³，Z=1，F(000)=980，R₁=0.073 6。配合物1的不对称单元中含有两个双核结构Ni₂(HL)₂(DMF)₂(H₂O)₂ (Ⅰ)和Ni₂(HL)₂(DMF)₄ (Ⅱ)以及两个DMF溶剂分子。通过酚基氧原子桥联的镍-镍距离分别为：Ni(1)-Ni(1A)，0.308 4 nm；Ni(2)-Ni(2B)，0.310 3 nm(对称操作：A：1-x，2-y，-z；B：1-x，1-y，1-z)。金属镍(Ⅱ)离子采取扭曲的八面体配位构型，一个配体的NO₂三齿配位单元和另一个配体的酚基氧原子位于赤道面位置，两个溶剂分子占据轴向位置。晶体中存在着分子内以及分子与溶剂分子间的两种氢键作用。配合物1的变温磁化率测定表明，Ni(Ⅱ)离子之间的反铁磁耦合作用在它的磁性质中起主导作用。     

声化学辅助溶剂热合成高光催化性能的BiOCl光催化剂

以五水硝酸铋和氯化钠为原料,乙二醇(EG)和水作溶剂,通过声化学辅助溶剂热法合成了系列BiOCl纳米晶光催化剂。应用氮气物理吸附、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射(DRS)和光电流等测试手段对所制备的光催化剂进行了表征。在汞灯和氙灯照射下,以苯酚和甲基橙为水体模型污染物,系统考察了超声辐射时间和醇水比(V_EG/V_H2O)对BiOCl光催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,当超声辐射时间为60 min,V_EG/V_H2O=1/4时,合成的BiOCl表现出最佳的光催化活性,为常规沉淀法制备的BiOCl的3.3倍。活性提高的主要原因是,适当时间的超声波辐射和醇水比有利于催化剂比表面积的提高,同时可以丰富催化剂表面羟基(-OH)的数量和提高光生电子和空穴的分离效率。     

盐湖卤水萃取提锂及其机理研究

本文以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为萃取剂,煤油为稀释剂,在FeCl₃存在的条件下,选择性萃取盐湖卤水中的锂。系统研究了相比、萃取剂组成、铁锂比等对锂萃取率的影响,及洗涤、反萃取工艺条件。得到最佳工艺条件为：萃取相比V_O/V_A为1.5,TBP质量分数为75%,c_Fe³⁺/c_Li⁺=2,c_H⁺=0.02 mol·L^-1,萃取时间为20 min;洗涤相比V_O/V_A为15;反萃取相比V_O/V_A为20。并运用红外与核磁方法分析研究,表明是TBP上的P=O双键与LiFeCl₄金属配合物的配位水分子产生氢键作用而使金属配合物与TBP结合。     

长链烷胺及手性钛的螯合物Ti[(OC2H4)3N][OCH(CH3)2]在层状V2O5中的插层行为

用一种简便快速方法合成了一系列长链有机胺插层V₂O₅化合物. 用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、漫反射紫外-可见光谱(DR UV-VIS)等手段对插层产品的结构进行了表征. 除了正十六胺插层V₂O₅产品外, 其它长链烷胺插层V₂O₅产品的层间距d₀₀₁与长链烷胺碳数n之间具有良好的线性关系: d₀₀₁＝0.160n_C＋0.731 nm. 正十六胺与V₂O₅反应后生成两个插层相, 一个相的层间距d₀₀₁为4.01 nm, 另一相的d₀₀₁为3.20 nm. 此外, 研究了手性钛的螯合物Ti[(OC₂H₄)₃N][OCH(CH₃)₂] (记为TEAIP)在V₂O₅层间的插层行为, 得到相应的插层产品.     

室温下制备以{211}晶面为主的Ti1-xVxO2薄膜及其可见光催化性能

以金属Ti和V作为靶材,采用直流反应共溅射技术在室温下制备了以{211}晶面为主的锐钛矿相Ti_1-xV_xO₂薄膜,研究了不同V靶功率对Ti_1-xV_xO₂薄膜的薄膜成分、晶相结构和可见光催化性能的影响。研究表明,Ti_1-xV_xO₂薄膜的晶相结构为锐钛矿相,择优取向为(211),而结晶度受V靶功率的影响。随着V靶功率的增加,薄膜中V元素含量逐渐增加,同时,晶粒和沉积速率也逐渐增加。另外,当V靶功率为150W时,薄膜的表面粗糙度值有一个最大值。V的掺杂导致薄膜的能带间隙变窄,对光的吸收向可见光区偏移,从而有效地改善了薄膜的可见光催化能力。当V靶功率为150W时,Ti_1-xV_xO₂薄膜的能带间隙值为2.82eV,其在2h的可见光照射下分解了80%的RhB染料。这被归结于能带间隙窄,高能晶面{211}和结晶度高的共同作用。     

双杂原子Ti-V-β沸石的合成、表征及催化性能研究

以白炭黑(二氧化硅)为硅源、四乙基氢氧化铵为模板剂、硫酸钛为钛源、偏钒酸铵为钒源、氟化钠为矿化剂,采用水热法合成了Ti-V-β沸石。探讨了合成条件对Ti-V-β沸石形成的影响。运用XRD、IR、UV-Vis固体漫反射光谱、TG/DTA、SEM+EDS和ICP等测试技术对样品进行了表征并测定了样品中Ti和V的含量。结果表明,按下列化学组成配制初始反应混合物：n(SiO₂)∶n(V₂O₅)∶n(TiO₂)∶n[(TEA)₂O]∶n(H₂O)∶n(NaF)=60∶(0.05～1.2)∶(0.1～2.4)∶(12～18)∶(450～720)∶(4～14),可制备出Ti-V-β沸石,Ti和V原子进入了沸石骨架。对样品在以H₂O₂为氧化剂氧化苯乙烯反应中的催化活性作了初步考察,结果表明,Ti-V-β沸石具有很高的催化活性,在下列反应条件下：v(H₂O₂)/v(ph CH=CH₂)=2.6,V(acetone)/v(phCH=CH₂)=10,m(cat)/v(phCH=CH₂)=0.003 g·mL^-1,T=80 ℃,t=6 h,苯乙烯的转化率98.16%。产品的选择性为：苯甲醛68.15%,苯乙醛23.35%,苯乙酮6.61%。     

Two terphenyl‐based diol hosts and corresponding solvent inclusions with dimethylformamide and acetonitrile

Having reference to an elongated structural modification of 2,2′‐bis(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)biphenyl, (I), the two 1,1′:4′,1′′‐terphenyl‐based diol hosts 2,2′′‐bis(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)‐1,1′:4′,1′′‐terphenyl, C₄₄H₃₄O₂, (II), and 2,2′′‐bis[hydroxybis(4‐methylphenyl)methyl]‐1,1′:4′,1′′‐terphenyl, C₄₈H₄₂O₂, (III), have been synthesized and studied with regard to their crystal structures involving different inclusions, i.e. (II) with dimethylformamide (DMF), C₄₄H₃₄O₂·C₂H₆NO, denoted (IIa), (III) with DMF, C₄₈H₄₂O₂·C₂H₆NO, denoted (IIIa), and (III) with acetonitrile, C₄₈H₄₂O₂·CH₃CN, denoted (IIIb). In the solvent‐free crystals of (II) and (III), the hydroxy H atoms are involved in intramolecular O—H...π hydrogen bonding, with the central arene ring of the terphenyl unit acting as an acceptor. The corresponding crystal structures are stabilized by intermolecular C—H...π contacts. Due to the distinctive acceptor character of the included DMF solvent species in the crystal structures of (IIa) and (IIIa), the guest molecule is coordinated to the host via O—H...O=C hydrogen bonding. In both crystal structures, infinite strands composed of alternating host and guest molecules represent the basic supramolecular aggregates. Within a given strand, the O atom of the solvent molecule acts as a bifurcated acceptor. Similar to the solvent‐free cases, the hydroxy H atoms in inclusion structure (IIIb) are involved in intramolecular hydrogen bonding, and there is thus a lack of host–guest interaction. As a result, the solvent molecules are accommodated as C—H...N hydrogen‐bonded inversion‐symmetric dimers in the channel‐like voids of the host lattice.     

A Novel Keggin Units-Supported Complex: Synthesis,Characterization and Crystal Structure of [(CH3)2NH2]6[Cu(DMF)4(GeW12O40)2] · 2DMF

A novel hybrid compound, [(CH₃)₂NH₂]₆[Cu(DMF)₄(GeW₁₂O₄₀ ^4-)₂] [sdot] 2DMF, has been synthesized from H₄GeW₁₂O₄₀ [sdot] n H₂O, CuCl₂ and N, N -dimethylformamide (DMF) in aqueous solution and characterized by elemental analysis, UV and IR spectra. Single crystal X-ray structure analysis shows that the crystal consists of a α-Keggin heteropolyanion-supported anion [Cu(DMF)₄(GeW₁₂O₄₀ ^4-)₂], two free N, N-dimethylformamide molecules, six protonated dimethylamine (DMA) molecules, and that the coordinating atoms of DMF are the oxygen atoms of C=O group. Thermal analysis indicates that the thermal stability of the GeW₁₂O₄₀ ^4- anion in the title compound is stronger than that in acid.     

Influence of 1,4‐dioxane solvent inclusion on the crystal structure of 5,5′‐diphenyl‐2,2′‐(p‐phenylene)di‐1,3‐oxazole (POPOP)

Crystallization of 5,5′‐diphenyl‐2,2′‐(p‐phenylene)di‐1,3‐oxazole (POPOP), C₂₄H₁₆N₂O₂, from chloroform or 1,4‐dioxane yielded crystals in pure and solvated forms, respectively. The solvated crystals of POPOP were found to contain 1,4‐dioxane in a strict 1:2 compound–solvent stoichiometry, C₂₄H₁₆N₂O₂·C₄H₈O₂, thus being a defined solvent‐inclusion compound. The crystal system is monoclinic in both cases and the asymmetric unit of the cell contains only half of the molecule (plus one dioxane molecule in the case of the solvated structure), owing to the centrosymmetry of the di‐1,3‐oxazole molecule.     

Stable Heterometallic CuII‐BaII‐2,5‐Thiophenedicarboxylate Framework with High Capacity for Light Hydrocarbons

The heterometallic Cu^II‐Ba^II coordination polymer, namely [CuBa(tdc)₂(H₂O)(DMF)]_n ( 1 ) (H₂tdc = 2,5‐thiophenedicarboxylic acid, DMF = N,N′‐dimethylformamide), was solvothermally synthesized by the reaction of H₂tdc, CuCl₂ · 2H₂O, and Ba(NO₃)₂. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that compound 1 features a 3D intricate framework with the 1D channels occupied by the coordinated solvent molecules. After removing the coordinated solvent molecules, the desolvated samples of 1a exhibit high capacity for light hydrocarbons.     

声化学辅助溶剂热合成高光催化性能的BiOCl光催化剂

以五水硝酸铋和氯化钠为原料,乙二醇(EG)和水作溶剂,通过声化学辅助溶剂热法合成了系列BiOCl纳米晶光催化剂。应用氮气物理吸附、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射(DRS)和光电流等测试手段对所制备的光催化剂进行了表征。在汞灯和氙灯照射下,以苯酚和甲基橙为水体模型污染物,系统考察了超声辐射时间和醇水比(VEG/VH2O)对BiOCl光催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,当超声辐射时间为60 min,VEG/VH2O=1/4时,合成的BiOCl表现出最佳的光催化活性,为常规沉淀法制备的BiOCl的3.3倍。活性提高的主要原因是,适当时间的超声波辐射和醇水比有利于催化剂比表面积的提高,同时可以丰富催化剂表面羟基(-OH)的数量和提高光生电子和空穴的分离效率。     

Determination of compositions of NaI solid solvates obtained from the solutions in mixtures of water with acetonitrile and N,N-dimethylformamide at 25°C

The thermogravimetric method was applied to determine the compositions of solid NaI existing in equilibrium with saturated salt solutions over the whole range of the compositions of the mixtures of water with AN and DMF at 25°C. It was concluded that NaI is preferentially hydrated in water-rich region only for both investigated systems, i.e. forx _AN<0.15 andx _DMF<0.25. Above the mentioned organic solvent content the significant differences in solvation of NaI are observed for both systems. In water-AN system for 0.15<x _AN<0.95 NaI is weakly preferentially hydrated and the composition of the solvate is: NaI·H₂O·CH₃CN. In pure AN, NaI is not solvated. In water-DMF system in the ranges of composition 0.25<x _DMF<0.50 and 0.50<x _DMF<0.80 two types of mixed solvates are observed: NaI·4H₂O·2DMF, and NaI·2H₂O·2DMF, respectively. So, NaI is strongly solvated by both components of mixed solvent. Forx _DMF>0.80 like in pure DMF, NaI is solvated by two molecules of DMF.     

四乙酰基二亚硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷水合物(TADNIW•H2O)的合成与晶体结构

以无机试剂组成的三元复合亚硝解脱苄试剂, 由四乙酰基二苄基六氮杂异伍兹烷(TADBIW)合成了四乙酰基二亚硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(TADNIW•H₂O)——合成高能量密度化合物六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HNIW)和其他高能量密度精细化工产品的另一重要前体. 目标化合物的分子结构用¹H NMR, IR, MS及元素分析方法进行结构鉴定. 在乙酸乙酯、丙酮和DMF组成的混合溶剂中制得TADNIW•H₂O单晶, 用X射线衍射法测定了目标化合物的晶体结构, 晶体学数据: 单斜晶系, 空间群P2₁/n; 晶胞参数: a＝1.0738(2) nm, b＝1.4870(3) nm, c＝1.1185(2) nm, ＝98.95(3)°; V＝1.7642(6) nm³; Z＝4; D_c＝1.553 g•cm^－3, F(000)＝864, ＝0.126 mm^－1. 与其他前体相比, TADNIW更容易经硝解转化为HNIW.     

化学气相输运法(CVT)制备微米级的喇叭管状ZnO晶体

氧化锌为直接带隙宽禁带半导体材料,由于其优良的光电性能,预计在未来光电信息领域有着巨大的应用前景,引起了广泛的研究兴趣.