点击化学制备新型手性配体交换色谱固定相

采用点击化学反应制备了一种新型L-脯氨酰胺衍生物键合手性配体交换色谱固定相.硅胶与γ-氯丙基三乙氧基硅烷反应后,再与叠氮化钠反应制备得到叠氮化硅胶. 在甲醇溶液中,以溴化亚铜为催化剂,叠氮化硅胶与合成的手性选择子N-炔丙基脯氨酰胺,室温反应48 h,而键合上手性官能团.手性选择子的键合量达0.47 mmol/g,操作简单,反应条件温和.制备的手性固定相以0.2 mmol/L Cu(Ac)2水溶液为流动相,在配体交换模式下拆分了8种D,L-氨基酸,对映体选择因子α在1.14～2.42之间.手性分离能力和稳定性研究表明,点击化学在手性配体交换色谱固定相的制备中具有极大潜力.     

手性酰胺聚硅氧固定相的制备与气相色谱性能

以Ｌ－苯丙氨酸，Ｌ－缬氨酸为手性源，合成了二种含末端烯基，具有刚性苯基链节的新型手性酰胺单体；并通过硅氢加成方法将其接枝到含氢硅油上，制备了两种新型手性酰胺聚硅氧烷固定相。这一新方法具有简单易行，各步产率较高的优点，所制备了手性固定相具有较好的毛细管柱色谱性能。手性拆分能力和耐温性。     

氨基酸聚合物作为高效液相色谱手性固定相的研究

将L-丙氨酸、L-缬氨酸、L-色氨酸、L-苯甘氨酸和L-苯丙氨酸5种氨基酸的手性单体与甲基丙烯酸-3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙酯共聚到硅胶表面制备了5种氨基酸聚合物手性固定相,并用作高效液相色谱手性固定相。考察了它们的手性识别能力,L-丙氨酸、L-缬氨酸和L-色氨酸聚合物手性固定相具有较好的手性拆分效果,并且它们之间的手性识别能力还具有一定的互补性。     

脯氨酰胺衍生的新型噻吩-叔胺手性N-氧化物的合成

叔胺手性N-氧化物配体的结构多样性合成对金属不对称催化反应具有重要意义。为了拓展手性N-氧化物配体的化学空间,以光学纯的脯氨酰胺或羟脯氨酰胺(1)与各种取代的噻吩-2-甲醛(2)发生缩合环化反应,生成缩合的中间体(3),然后中间体(3)中的氮原子在氧化剂m-CPBA(间氯过氧苯甲酸)的作用下发生N-氧化反应,室温下合成了10个新型噻吩-叔胺手性N-氧化物(4a～4j),总产率41%～57%,dr值为18/1～>20/1,其结构经¹H NMR,¹³C NMR和HR-MS(ESI-TOF)表征。该类手性N-氧化物以L-脯氨酰胺或羟脯氨酰胺作为手性源制备,今后可以为金属不对称催化提供新配体筛选。     

通过不对称多组分反应高效构建手性磺酰胺类化合物

手性磺酰胺类化合物在新型药物方面研究中占据越来越重要的地位.我们成功地实现了磺酰胺、芳基重氮乙酸酯以及亚胺的不对称三组分反应.此反应给出了高达85%产率,以及优异的非对映选择性（d.r.>20：1）和对映选择性（最高可达99%ee）,为高效构建具有两个手性碳的光学纯磺酰胺类化合物提供了一种快速合成方法.我们将反应放大到了克级规模,并对三组分产物进一步衍生得到一种具有三个手性中心的光学纯含亚砜亚胺骨架的五元环化合物.反应的选择性通过过渡金属与手性磷酸协同催化控制.     

含L-氨基酸基团的手性功能单体及与N-异丙基丙烯酰胺共聚物的合成

以L-苯丙氨酸（L-Phe）、L-色氨酸（L-Trp）和L-亮氨酸（L-Leu）3种常见的氨基酸为手性源,经过酯化、缩合等步骤制备3种手性功能单体AAc-L-Phe(AAc:丙烯酸)、AAc-L-Trp和AAc-L-Leu,其结构经过IR、1H NMR确证。 并将手性单体AAc-L-Phe与温敏材料N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAam)共聚,制备了手性共聚物P(NIPAam-co-AAc-L-Phe),结构经IR确证,示差扫描量热分析测试证明其具有温敏性。 这些手性功能单体有可能用于制备环境响应性手性高分子聚合物。     

L-脯氨酸衍生物为手性侧链的新型C_2对称型手性固定相

绕轴旋转180°能与自身重合的C_2对称型手性化合物在手性催化和手性分离领域有重要应用。以L-脯氨酸苯基酰胺衍生物为手性源,合成了一类新型的C_2对称型手性固定相,并进行了手性色谱拆分评价。与单侧链取代的刷型固定相进行对比,C_2对称型手性固定相对所评价的31种酸性、中性和碱性分析物表现出更好的手性选择性。考察了固定相末端苯环上的取代基团对手性拆分的影响,综合来看,苯环上无取代基的C_2对称型手性固定相的分离性能最优。对某些手性对映体,C_2对称型手性固定相的分离因子随温度的增高而呈现异常增大的现象,表明了其有别于单侧链取代的固定相的分离机理。该类新型手性固定相的提出对进一步丰富刷型手性固定相的种类和拓展其应用具有重要意义。     

手性噁唑啉的合成及其在不对称还原反应中的应用

由多元羧酸和手性2-氨基-1-丁醇经由相应的多元酰胺醇缩合制备了6个新型手性多噁唑啉,其结构经1H NMR谱、IR谱、MS谱和元素分析确证;并应用这些手性多噁唑啉配体,初步探讨了苯乙酮在KBH4或NaBH4作用下的不对称还原反应.     

手性氨基亚磺酰胺的合成及其对N-苯基酮亚胺不对称还原的催化作用

从N-保护的手性氨基醇出发,经氧化成醛后,与手性叔丁基亚磺酰胺发生缩合反应,再经一步还原胺化合成了一系列新型手性氨基亚磺酰胺有机小分子催化剂.将其应用于N-苯基酮亚胺的不对称硅氢化反应中,以中等收率和对映选择性获得了相应的N-苯基手性胺.     

手性金团簇的制备、性质及应用

手性作为生命体固有的自然属性广泛存在于从微观到宏观的自然界中,其现象包括具有高度手性偏好的生物小分子(如L-氨基酸和D-糖),具有不对称空间构象的生物大分子(如DNA双螺旋链),以及其他所有由手性分子或手性结构参与的生理和生化过程。研究者们成功地把分子手性引入到金团簇的表面诞生了一种新的材料——手性金团簇,这种新型纳米级的手性材料实现了手性信号从分子尺度到纳米尺度的跨越。作为一类集表面手性、特殊光学活性和金团簇独特性质于一体的新型纳米材料,手性金团簇在手性催化、手性识别、分子检测等领域具有广泛的应用前景。本文主要综述了手性金团簇的制备、表征、性质及应用,并对其发展前景及面临的挑战进行了总结与展望。     

Pybox monolithic miniflow reactors for continuous asymmetric cyclopropanation reaction under conventional and supercritical conditions

Supported catalysts having pybox chiral moieties were prepared as macroporous monolithic miniflow systems. These catalysts are based on styrene-divinylbenzene polymeric backbones having different compositions and pybox chiral moieties. Their corresponding ruthenium complexes were tested for the continuous flow cyclopropanation reaction between styrene and ethyldiazoacetate (EDA) under conventional conditions and in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). Ru-Pybox monolithic miniflow reactors not only provided a highly efficient and robust heterogeneous chiral catalyst but also allowed us to develop more environmental reaction conditions without sacrificing the global efficiency of the process.     

Novel bi- and tridentate phosphane and thioether ligands derived from chiral α-hydroxy acids

Novel bi- and tridentate ligands with phosphane and thioether moieties have been prepared in enantiomerically pure form in good to excellent yields by substitution reactions with phosphorus and sulfur nucleophiles of easily available tosylates derived from natural chiral α-hydroxy acids.     

Novel chiral stationary phases based on peptoid combining a quinine/quinidine moiety through a C9‐position carbamate group

By connecting a quinine or quinidine moiety to the peptoid chain through the C9‐position carbamate group, we synthesized two new chiral selectors. After immobilizing them onto 3‐mercaptopropyl‐modified silica gel, two novel chiral stationary phases were prepared. With neutral, acid, and basic chiral compounds as analytes, we evaluated these two stationary phases and compared their chromatographic performance with chiral columns based on quinine tert‐butyl carbamate and the previous peptoid. From the resolution of neutral and basic analytes under normal‐phase mode, it was found that the new stationary phases exhibited much better enantioselectivity than the quinine tert‐butyl carbamate column; the peptoid moiety played an important role in enantiorecognition, which controlled the elution orders of enantiomers; the assisting role of the cinchona alkaloid moieties was observed in some separations. Under acid polar organic phase mode, it was proved that cinchona alkaloid moieties introduced excellent enantiorecognitions for chiral acid compounds; in some separations, the peptoid moiety affected enantioseparations as well. Overall, chiral moieties with specific enantioselectivity were demonstrated to improve the performance of peptoid chiral stationary phase efficiently.     

Chloromethylphenylcarbamate derivatives of cellulose as chiral stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography

A new class of eight chloromethylphenylcarbamate derivatives of cellulose was prepared by introducing both an electron-donating methyl group and an electron-withdrawing chloro group on to the phenyl moieties and their chiral recognition abilities were evaluated as chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high-performance liquid chromatography. The superiority of these derivatives over dichloro- and dimethylphenylcarbamates of cellulose as CSPs was demonstrated for some racemic compounds. The elution order and enantioselectivity were greatly dependent on the positions of the substituents. Meta- and para-disubstituted derivatives showed higher chiral recognition than ortho- and meta- or para- disubstituted derivatives. The correlation between the chemical shifts of the N---H protons of the carbamate moieties and the enantiomer-resolving abilities of the derivatives is discussed. Some of the derivatives were effective CSPs in both normal- and reversed- phase conditions and could efficiently separate some chiral drug enantiomers.     

Synthesis of novel well-defined chain-end-functionalized polystyrenes with dendritic chiral ephedrine moieties and their applications as highly enantioselective diethylzinc addition to N-diphenylphosphinoyl arylimines

A series of novel well-defined chain-end-functionalized polystyrenes having 2, 4, 8, and 16 chiral ephedrine moieties dendritically distributed at their hyperbranched chain-ends were quantitatively synthesized. Their well-defined architectures were fully confirmed by elemental analysis, FTIR, SEC as well as by ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopies. These polymers were precisely controlled in the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution as well as well-defined in chain-end-functionalities. These dendritic chiral polymers serve as highly enantioselective chiral ligands in the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to a series of N-diphenylphosphinoyl arylimines. Among them, chiral dendrimer having eight ephedrine moieties at the chain-ends afforded the corresponding enantiomerically enriched phosphinoylamides in good to high yields with enantioselectivities up to 93% ee. The obtained enantioselectivities are comparable with those obtained by using N-benzylephedrine and its corresponding copolymer as chiral ligands.     

Preparation of two new liquid chromatographic chiral stationary phases based on diastereomeric chiral crown ethers incorporating two different chiral units and their applications

Two new liquid chromatographic chiral stationary phases based on diastereomeric chiral crown ethers incorporating two different chiral units such as optically active 3,3'-diphenyl-1,1'-binaphthyl and tartaric acid unit were prepared. Between the two CSPs, one was much superior to the other especially in the resolution of tocainide and its analogues (for example, in the resolution of tocainide the separation factor, alpha, was 4.26 vs. 1.00 on the two CSPs). From these results, the two chiral units composing the two diastereomeric chiral crown ether moieties of the stationary phases were expected to show "matched" or "mismatched" effect on the chiral recognition according to their stereochemistry. The different chiral recognition abilities of the two CSPs were rationalized by the different three-dimensional structures of the two diastereomeric chiral crown ethers.     

Facile synthesis of chiral unsymmetric perylene tetracarboxylic diimides involving α-amino acids

A facile synthesis of chiral unsymmetric perylene tetracarboxylic diimides (PDIs) has been developed and the first two nonracemic chiral amphiphilic PDIs have been synthesized. The key building blocks, AB bifunctional 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-3,4-anhydride-9,10-imides, were prepared conveniently from enantiomerically pure α-amino acids, which were introduced as the steric and stereochemical controlling units. Such building blocks allow the incorporation of sterically and stereochemically controlled PDI moieties into both terminal and inner positions.     

Quinine Derivative Bonded the Hybrid Mesoporous Silicas Chiral Stationary Phase: Preparation and Application in Liquid Chromatography

A novel chiral stationary phase (QN‐APEPMOs) was synthesized by immobilizing quinine derivative (QN) onto spherical ammoniapropyl‐functionalized ethane‐bridged periodic mesoporous organosilicas (APEPMOs). The mesoporous material was prepared by a one‐step co‐condensation of 1,2‐bis (triethoxysilyl) ethane (BTSE) and 3‐ammoniapropyl triethoxysilane (KH‐550) using cetyltrimethyl‐ammoniumchlorine (C₁₈TACl) as a template with the aid of ethanol (co‐solvent) in basic medium. And O‐9‐(tert‐butyl carbamoyl) quinine derivative was immobilized on APEPMOs particles through the vinylic double bond. All of the products were characterized. The results showed that APEPMOs were perfect substrates for chiral stationary phase (CSP) and quinine moieties have been successfully immobilized onto the silica gel. To evaluate the chiral discrimination ability of the synthesized CSP, some analytes have been investigated on QN‐APEPMOs in high performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) in reversed phase. Three acidic compounds were baseline separated. The results demonstrated that QN‐APEPMOs had high selectivity for acidic compounds such as: carboxylic and sulfonic acids. And the reproducibility of the chiral column was good, while the stability was not very good.     

Chiral α,ω-diaminoethers derived from d-mannitol and l-treitol as building blocks for the synthesis of macrocyclic compounds possessing 1,3-benzenedicarboxamide or 2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide subunits

Three new chiral α,ω-diaminoethers, derivatives of d-mannitol and l-treitol, possessing C₂ symmetry are prepared. The α,ω-diaminoethers were applied to the macrocyclization reaction under non-high-dilution conditions, which afforded chiral macrocyclic diamides possessing either 2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide or 1,3-benzenedicarboxamide moieties.     

Chiral and extended π-conjugated bis(2-pyridyl)phospholes as assembling N,P,N pincers for coordination-driven synthesis of supramolecular [2,2]paracyclophane analogues

Chiral, π-conjugated 3,4-butano-1-phenyl-2,5-bis(2-pyridyl)phosphole derivatives 1a(2,2') and 1a(3) with chiral trans-1,2-diol moieties and fused pinene derivatives, respectively, were prepared from the corresponding chiral diynes by using the Fagan-Nugent method. Their UV/Vis absorption and chiroptical properties (optical rotation and circular dichroism) were studied. Their behavior as N,P,N chelates towards coordination of Cu(I) and formation of chiral supramolecular assemblies with π-conjugated ditopic dicyano ligands was investigated. Chiral C(2)-symmetric rectangles that are [2,2]paracyclophane analogues were obtained, as demonstrated by X-ray crystallography. During the course of this study, the first stable water-soluble phosphole derivative (1a(2)·2 HCl) was prepared. Furthermore, achiral 3,4-butano-1-phenyl-2,5-bis(aza[4]helicene)phosphole 1a(4) was synthesized and displays extended π conjugation. A supramolecular rectangle was obtained by coordination to Cu(I) and assembly with a dicyano stilbene. This coordination-driven supramolecular assembly contains a total of four aza[4]helicene moieties and displays two types of π-π stacking interactions in the solid state, that is, between two helicene moieties and between one helicene and a bridging dicyano ligand. All the supramolecular arrangements are discussed by comparing them with previous work on the parent 3,4-butano-1-phenyl-2,5-bis(2-pyridyl)phosphole.