自组装单层保护金纳米团簇的量子化电容充电

本文研究自组装单层保护金纳米团簇(C12Au MPC)在常温下二氯甲烷溶液中的量子化电容充电效应.示差脉冲伏安曲线显示金核平均直径为2.0 nm的C12Au MPC在-0.6~0.6 V电位区间内有9个明显的量子化电容充电峰,其双电层电容总的变化趋势为在零电荷电位附近最小,随着电位正移或负移电容变大.而且随着该金核尺寸的增大,MPC双电层电容值也变大.     

微电极研究单分子层保护团簇的量子化电容充电

利用微电极在二氯甲烷溶液中研究了单分子层保护金纳米团簇 ( MPCs)的量子化电容充电效应 .用示差脉冲伏安法及循环伏安法获得了明显的 5对量子化电容充电峰 ,并测量出单个 MPCs的平均电容 .单阶跃计时库仑法的研究表明 ,每对峰对应于一个电子的充入或放出 .求得电荷传递系数α=0 .44和反应速率常数 k0 =1 .65× 1 0 -2 cm/s.与常规铂电极相比 ,微电极可获得更明显的量子化充电峰 .     

电致变色型导电聚苯胺固态超级电容器的构建与性能研究

以苯胺硫酸溶液为沉积液,导电玻璃(FTO)为基底材料,在-0.2~1.2 V范围内先电位扫描一圈生成聚苯胺(PANI)晶种,然后在-0.2~0.8 V范围内用循环伏安法电沉积导电PANI材料.所得样品用红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜进行结构表征;以最佳循环伏安电沉积条件制备的PANI/FTO为活性电极,以H_2SO_4/聚乙烯醇(H2SO4/PVA)为凝胶电解质组装了电化学电容器,通过循环伏安、恒电流充放电和电化学阻抗法研究了组装电化学电容器的电化学性能.研究结果表明,以H_2SO_4/PVA凝胶电解质,沉积于导电玻璃表面的PANI活性电极材料的面比电容可达172.7 m F/cm~2,并且在2000次充放电以后,比电容值仍可保留初始值的92.8%.以分区沉积有PANI的导电玻璃可组装制备通过变色显示充放电过程的电化学电容器,在充电时,其颜色逐渐从浅绿色向深绿色转变,放电时,颜色逐渐从深绿色向浅绿色转变.     

CH_2Cl_2对离子液体BmimPF_6中二茂铁电化学行为的影响

应用循环伏安和交流阻抗法研究有机溶剂二氯甲烷对二茂铁在离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐(Bm imPF6)中电化学行为的影响.实验表明,二氯甲烷可促进离子液体的离子解离,减小离子液体粘度,增加离子液体电导率,加速二茂铁在离子液体中的扩散,增大氧化还原峰电流.由于电极界面双电层结构的变化,导致双电层电容增大,电极反应电阻减小,从而加速了界面电子传递反应.     

非水体系中单分子层保护团簇在超微铂电极上的量子化充电

非水体系中单分子层保护团簇在超微铂电极上的量子化充电;单层保护团簇;量子化电容充电     

IrO2电极在含有机小分子水溶液中的电化学活性

通过循环伏安（CV）与电化学阻抗谱（EIS）测试研究了Ti基IrO2系活性涂层电极在含甲醇、甲酸及甲醛三种有机小分子的Na2SO4溶液中的电化学活性,其中以电极/溶液界面的双电层电容来表征电极的活性.结果表明,与同浓度H2SO4溶液相比,该电极在Na2SO4溶液中的电化学活性发生明显下降.有机小分子的加入降低了电极的活性表面积.发现有机物能在较宽的电位范围内发生氧化反应,但在该种电极上的电氧化速率较慢.然而,伴随着析氧反应的发生,有机物的氧化也随之加快.     

双酚A在硼掺杂金刚石薄膜电极上的电化学行为研究

硼掺杂金刚石(BDD)薄膜电极是用于废水处理的理想电极材料。利用循环伏安法和电化学阻抗谱研究了环境激素双酚A(BPA)在BDD电极上的电化学行为,分析在电极/溶液界面上的电化学过程及相关的电极动力学参数。研究发现BPA在电极上的直接电化学氧化过程为不可逆过程,氧化峰电势在1.4 V左右。电极/溶液界面的双电层结构可以用一个电容与一个电阻并联的等效电路来进行拟合,当极化电位从0.5 V增加至2.0 V时,电荷转移电阻Rct由7.043×104Ω·cm2降至1.366×103Ω·cm2,下降了80.60%,表明提高电极电位可明显降低电催化反应的电阻,有利于电催化氧化反应的进行,可提高电催化反应速率。     

电极/碱性聚电解质界面的微分电容曲线和零电荷电位测定（英文）

碱性聚合物电解质作为现代碱性氢氧燃料电池的核心组成部分,其单离子导体的特性使得“电极/碱性聚电解质”界面的性质与“电极/溶液”界面有所不同。本文使用微电极,运用循环伏安、电化学交流阻抗以及浸入法等方法,测定了电极/碱性聚电解质界面的微分电容曲线和零电荷电位。该界面的微分电容曲线呈“U”状,且存在局域极小值,该极小值所对应的电位与浸入法测得的零电荷电位数值一致。单离子导体的特性使得“电极/碱性聚电解质”界面在零电荷电位两侧表现出不同的电化学极化行为。     

膜电阻对自组装膜修饰电极电化学行为的影响

应用循环伏安和交流阻抗技术研究了 16烷基硫醇自组装膜修饰的金电极在Fe(CN) 63 - /Fe(CN) 64 - 溶液中的电化学行为 .无“针孔”缺陷的自组装膜对溶液与基底间的界面电子转移具有强烈的阻碍作用 ,当过电位较大时 ,In(I/ η)对 η1/2 之间具有良好的线性关系 .通过对Au/SAM /Hg模拟体系的电流———电压曲线进行测定 ,得到了自组装膜膜电阻的特征 .指出由于膜电阻的存在 ,自组装膜修饰电极在Fe(CN) 63 - /Fe(CN) 64 - 溶液中的行为实质上反映了膜自身的电阻特征     

离子液体在多孔碳电极上的电化学性能

制备了数种离子液体及离子液体有机溶液电解质,用线性电位扫描法测试了它们的电化学窗口;并通过循环伏安、交流阻抗、电势阶跃等电化学方法,对它们在多孔碳电极中的电化学性能进行了研究.实验结果表明:溶剂对1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑类离子液体有机溶液电解质的电化学窗口有较大的影响.离子液体及离子液体有机溶液电解质在多孔碳电极上的电化学性能与其电导率密切相关,电导率越大,充电时间常数越小,比容量越大;但比容量降低的倍率远小于电导率降低的倍率.     

Electrochemical resolution of 15 oxidation states for monolayer protected gold nanoparticles

The first observation of 15 voltammetric quantized charging peaks for a solution of hexanethiol-capped gold nanoparticles (so-called monolayer protected clusters MPCs) at room temperature is reported where the variation in peak spacing with increasing charge stored in the metal core is discussed in terms of MPC capacitance.     

Ion-induced rectification of nanoparticle quantized capacitance charging in aqueous solutions.

Ion-induced rectification of nanoparticle quantized capacitance charging was studied using nanoparticle self-assembled monolayers in aqueous solutions in the presence of some unique electrolyte ions. The rectified charging features were interpreted on the basis of a Randles equivalent circuit where the binding of hydrophobic electrolyte ions to surface-confined particle molecules led to the manipulation of the electrode interfacial capacitance. It was found that the rectification effects were directly related to the ion hydrophobicity, manifested by the cathodic (anodic) shift of the onset potential with anions (cations) of increasing hydrophobicity Additionally, the voltammetric responses evolved from those similar to conventional molecular diodes to those of quantized charging rectifiers with increasing anion hydrophobicity. Electron-transfer kinetics evaluated by using various electrochemical methods yielded a rate constant within the range of 10-100 s(-1) which decreased with increasing length of the alkyl spacers with a coupling coefficient (beta) within the range of 0.8-0.9. Comparisons with conventional electroactive functional moieties were also discussed.     

Quantized double-layer charging of highly monodisperse metal nanoparticles

We describe unprecedented resolution of electrochemically observed quantized double layer (QDL) charging, attained with use of reduced solution temperatures and with an annealing procedure that produces hexanethiolate monolayer protected gold clusters (C6 MPCs) with a high level of monodispersity in charging capacitance, C(CLU). The spacing DeltaV = e/C(CLU) on the electrochemical potential axis between one electron changes in the electronic charge of nanoscopic metal particles is determined by their effective capacitance C(CLU). The high monodispersity of the C6 MPCs with Au(140) cores facilitates (a) detailed rotated disk and cyclic voltammetric measurements, (b) simulation of QDL waveshapes based on assumed reversible, multivalent redox-like behavior, (c) determination of nanoparticle diffusion rates, and (d) observation of as many as 13 changes in the MPC charge state, from MPC(6-) to MPC(7+). The single electron QDL charging peaks are quite evenly spaced (DeltaV constant) at potentials near the MPC potential of zero charge, but are irregularly spaced at more positive and negative potentials. The irregular spacing is difficult to rationalize with classical double layer capacitance ideas and is proposed to arise from a correspondingly structured (e.g., not smooth) density of electronic states of the nanoparticle core, resulting from its small HOMO/LUMO gap and incipiently molecule-like behavior.     

Quantised charging of monolayer-protected nanoparticles

Metal nanoparticles coated with an organic monolayer, so-called monolayer protected clusters (MPCs), can show quantised charging at room temperature due to their sub-attofarad capacitance arising from the core size and the nature of the protecting monolayer. In this tutorial review, we examine the factors affecting the energetics of MPC charging. In the first section, the underlying physics of quantised charging is outlined and we give an overview of the various methods that can be used to measure single electron transfer to nanoparticles. In the subsequent sections, we discuss how electrochemical measurements can be used to give information on the quantised charging of freely diffusing and films of immobilised MPCs. The predictions of models used to determine MPC capacitance are compared with experimental data from the literature.     

3-Mercaptopropionic Acid Capped Gold Nanoclusters: Quantized Capacitance in Aqueous Media

IntroductionAnextensiveresearchinterest1,2 inmonolayerprotectedgoldclusters (MPCs)hasariseneversincethemilestonere portofBrustetal.3TheparticularlyinterestingpropertyoftheMPCscoreisitssmallcapacitance (sub attofarad ,aF) ,whichcausesthatsingleelectrontransfersto/fromthecoreleadingtoreadilymeasurablechangesinitselectronicpoten tial.Thatis ,theelectrochemicalchargingoftheMPCscorebecomesaquantizedprocess .However,usualalkanethiolateMPCsarenotwater soluble,resultinginthelimitationoftheirpote…     

Studies of electrochemical quantized capacitance charging of surface ensembles of silver nanoparticles

CTAB-stabilized silver nanoparticles were synthesized by NaBH₄ reduction. The as-prepared nanoparticles can be self-assembled on 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) modified gold electrode, which was supported strongly by XPS measurements. Exceptional long-term stability of the as-prepared colloidal silver aqueous solution and the desorption of silver nanoparticle ensemble on MPA after alcohol rinsing proved that these CTAB molecules adsorbed on silver core formed interdigitated bilayer structure. DPV and differential capacitance measurements were performed to characterize the as-prepared silver nanoparticle ensemble, and the interesting quantized capacitance charging behaviors were observed.     

3—Mercaptopropionic Acid Capped Gold Nanoclusters：Quantized Capacitance in Aquesous Media

3-Mercaptopropionic acid monolayer protected gold nanoclusters (MPA-MPCs) were synthesized and characterized by transmission electorn microscopy,UV-Vis spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourler transform infrared spectroscopy.The exact value of quantized double-layer capacitance of MPCs in aqueous media was obtained by differential pulse voltammograms.     

Quantized spectroelectrochemical behaviour of monolayer-protected gold cluster films assessed by reflectance spectroelectrochemical quartz crystal microbalance

The spectral changes occurring in multilayer films of hexanethiolate monolayer-protected Au₁₄₇ clusters (C6–Au₁₄₇ MPCs) as a consequence of quantized MPC core charging have been investigated in aqueous solutions using a multiresponse technique, UV–vis reflectance spectroelectrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (SEQCM). The joint technique, a combination of UV–vis near-normal incidence reflectance spectroelectrochemistry and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance, has enabled us to follow both reflectance and gravimetric changes taking place in the MPC film concurrently with each single electron transfer event. Reversible film reflectance drops were observed upon anodic MPC charging, which were linearly dependent on the MPC charge state. The values of the formal potential and number of electrons transferred in each charging step, determined from the potential dependence of the reflectance changes, proved that the spectral features were induced by the discrete charging of the MPCs. Simultaneously, the gravimetric signal monitored with EQCM yielded values of the number of MPC-bound electrolyte ions as a function of the MPC redox state, both during voltammetric and potential step charging of the MPC films. Additionally, the dynamics of electron transfers in these multilayer MPC films has been investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Thus, the film capacitance, the resistance to charge transfer, and the electron-transfer rate constant for MPC oxidation have been estimated.