共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
《高等学校化学学报》2021,(1)
具有内部介孔结构的多级孔分子筛兼具微孔分子筛和介孔材料的功能,拥有良好的传质和催化特性.在过去的几十年内,介孔分子筛在催化、吸附和分离领域发展迅速.近年来,新型合成方法的开发在很大程度上实现了介孔分子筛孔道结构、组分及形貌灵活可控的调节.本综述讨论了近期出现的多种新合成路径,重点介绍了近期发展起来的二次合成制备低硅/铝介孔分子筛、超分子自组装合成介孔分子筛及有机小分子原位合成介孔分子筛技术.对这些合成技术的机理进行了讨论,以期为介孔分子筛未来的发展提供思路.文章的最后还讨论了不同的合成策略所面临的一些关键性挑战. 相似文献
2.
介孔与介孔主客体材料在催化领域的应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
综述了近年来介孔分子筛催化材料制备的研究成果及其在催化领域特别是精细化学品合成中的应用. 文章分为两部分,分别讨论了介孔材料本身作为催化剂以及介孔主客体催化材料的应用. 相似文献
3.
4.
介孔分子筛的酸性和水热稳定性 总被引:27,自引:0,他引:27
介孔分子筛材料在催化、吸附与分离以及化学组装制备先进材料和分子器件等方面具有潜在的应用价值.但是,由于介孔分子筛材料较低的水热稳定性和较弱的酸性,极大地影响了其在催化研究中的广泛应用.本文系统地综述了最近几年在提高介孔分子筛酸性和水热稳定性的研究工作.其中包括:(1)将超酸组份负载于介孔分子筛的孔道中以达到提高介孔分子筛材料的酸强度的目的;(2)通过在合成介孔分子筛的过程中加入无机盐和有机胺等助剂或采用合适的后处理方法以提高介孔分子筛的水热稳定性;(3)通过新型模板剂来合成具有较高水热稳定性的介孔分子筛材料;(4)利用具有沸石分子筛基本结构单元的沸石分子筛导向剂与表面活性剂自组装来合成具有强酸中心和高温水热稳定的介孔分子筛材料. 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
8.
介孔分子筛研究新进展 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3
介孔分子筛材料作为催化剂或催化剂载体为有机大分子参与反应提供了有利的空间构型和择形活性中心,在石油加工工业中具有潜在的应用优势。但由于介孔分子筛材料的水热稳定性比较低,且酸性较弱,极大地影响了其在催化领域中的广泛应用。本文综述了近年硅基介孔分子筛的改性研究进展,重点讨论了在提高介孔分子筛酸性和水热稳定性方面的研究工作。 相似文献
9.
具有强酸位的六方和立方介孔硅铝分子筛合成及催化活性比较 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
六方 MCM- 41和立方 MCM- 48介孔分子筛是长程有序的介孔材料 ,由于其孔壁是无定形结构 ,具有较弱的酸性 ,限制了其应用范围 .若能提高它们的酸强度则可提高其在石油炼制和精细化工中的应用价值 .现已采用多种改进方法来提高其酸强度 [1~ 6 ] ,但所合成的介孔材料均为六方结构 ,而具有立方结构的材料未见文献报道 .本文采用两步晶化合成法 ,用低浓度的表面活性剂合成出具有强酸位的立方介孔分子筛 ( MB48) ,还通过调节溶液的酸碱性合成出六方介孔分子筛 ( MB41 ) ,对样品的结构、酸性和催化性能进行了表征和比较 .1 实验部分1 .1 β… 相似文献
10.
以CTAB为模板剂,硅酸钠、氯化钴为原料,通过水热法合成含钴介孔分子筛(Co-MCM-41)。以所合成的Co-MCM-41做催化剂,采用化学气相沉积(CVD)法催化热解乙醇制备纳米碳管。通过XRD、FT-IR、TEM、N2吸附-脱附和Raman光谱等分析手段对所合成的介孔分子筛和纳米碳管进行了表征。结果表明:合成的Co-MCM-41样品具有MCM-41的介孔结构,比表面积较大且介孔有序性较好。以所合成的含钴介孔分子筛催化热解乙醇制备出管径均匀、管壁较厚、顶端开口的多壁纳米碳管。 相似文献
11.
As one of the naturally abundant elements,carbon can present in different molecular structures(allotropes) and thus lead to various physical/chemical properties of carbon-based materials which have found wide applications in a variety of fields including electrochemistry,optical,adsorption and catalysis,etc.On the other hand,its different allotropes also endow carbon-based materials with various morphostructures,which have been recently explored to prepare oxides and zeolites/zeotypes with tailored structures.In this review,we mainly summarize the recent advances in using carbon materials as hard templates to synthesize structural materials.Specifically,we focus on the development in the synthetic strategies,such as endotemplating,exotemplating approaches and using carbon materials as chemical reagents for the synthesis of metal carbides or nitrides,with an emphasis laid on the control of morphostructure.Meanwhile,the applications of the obtained materials will be highlighted,especially,in the field of heterogeneous catalysis where enhanced performances have been achieved with the materials derived from carbon-templated methods. 相似文献
12.
采用两步法将不同尺寸的silicalite-1分子筛纳米晶种通过自组装合成了一系列有序介孔silicalite-1分子筛。首先将强碱性的silicalite-1前驱体分别加热不同时间得到纳米晶种,然后在类似合成SBA-15的强酸性条件下组装成有序的介孔材料。合成条件的剧烈变化阻止了分子筛晶种的继续长大,并在三嵌段共聚物模板的诱导下组装成有序介孔材料。这种“自下而上”的方法制备有序介孔分子筛同时包含微孔和介孔。氮气吸脱附结果表明所制备的介孔分子筛材料均表现了很大的比表面积(730 m2/g以上)。 相似文献
13.
沸石分子筛是一类重要的具有明确孔道结构以及催化位点的结晶孔材料. 但是由于其微孔开口的本质限制了其在大分子吸附与转化方面的应用. 10年前, 西班牙ITQ研究所的Corma教授、 吉林大学于吉红教授以及本文通讯作者发表了一篇关于超大孔分子筛的历史回顾文章. 该文从超大孔分子筛的合成、 结构、 假想结构以及催化性能等方面进行了综述. 这一类材料填补了传统沸石分子筛和有序介孔材料之间的孔径缺口. 在最近10年中, 多种新型超大孔分子筛以及新颖的合成方法陆续被报道. 本文对该方向近10年中的研究进行了综合评述. 相似文献
14.
The confinement of metal species within hierarchical zeolites combines the acidic/basic sites of zeolites, the enhanced mass transfer of mesoporous system, and the inside active metal sites, leading to high activity, unique selectivity, and superior stability in chemicals synthesis, energy and environment catalysis. To date, review on this emerging topic is rarely reported. Herein, we classify five metals-hierarchical zeolites composite (metal@hierarchical zeolites) according to the location of metals on hierarchical structure, including metals located on micropores, intercrystalline mesopores, intracrystalline mesopores, hollow nanobox and mesoporous shells. The synthesis and catalysis applications of metal@hierarchical zeolites composite are provided, highlighting the rational design of catalyst preparation, the improved catalytic efficiency and stability of metal species. Finally, we discuss the current limitations and future opportunities for this emerging field. This Review is expected to inspire more developments and applications of metal@hierarchical zeolites. 相似文献
15.
In this personal account, several key inventions on designing novel microporous and mesoporous materials, and their applications in energy and environmental research are reviewed. Although, crystalline materials with sub‐nanometer pore size regime like zeolites, AlPOs, MOFs, ZIFs etc. are known over the years, silicious and non‐silicious mesoporous materials have revolutionized the research on the materials with nanoscale porosity in last two and half decades. A wide range of inorganic, organic‐inorganic hybrid as well as purely organic mesoporous materials with either periodic or disordered mesopores are known. Apart from conventional hydrothermal syntheses involving soft templating route, hard templating, evaporation induced self‐assembly (EISA), electrochemical or solvothermal (using hydrophilic solvents) synthetic routes are often employed in designing a large spectrum of mesoporous materials. Ease of synthesis using available cheap raw chemicals and versatility in the framework compositions together with the unique surface properties like exceptionally high surface area, pore volume and tunability in pore dimensions have made these materials very exciting to a wide range of researchers working on materials chemistry. Nanoscale porosity in the semiconductor nanomaterials is highly beneficial for the photocatalytic, optoelectronic and related light‐harvesting applications. Their high chemical stability has been explored intensively in designing novel heterogeneous catalysts for the synthesis of biofuels from biomass or CO2 fixation to reactive organic molecules for the synthesis of fine chemicals and fuels, which has a large impact on energy and environmental research for the years to come. Diversity in mesoporous frameworks and their potential applications related to light harvesting, generation of renewable energy and synthesis of value added fine chemicals and fuels through environment friendly routes are mostly focused in this review. 相似文献
16.
17.
Wei Han Yuxin Jia Nan Yao Weishen Yang Mingyuan He Guoxing Xiong 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2007,43(2):205-211
Hierarchical porous materials with zeolite structures show great promise in catalysis due to combining the advantages of zeolites
and mesoporous materials. Here a novel template-free sol–gel method is developed to synthesize hierarchical porous silica
materials. This method involves solvothermal recrystallization of the xerogel converted from uniform silicalite-1 precursor
sol via vacuum drying process. The zeolite sol and the solid samples were characterized by laser light scattering, XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm, FTIR, SEM, TEM and thermal analysis technologies. The results show that we obtain two novel
materials with different mesoporous structures and silicalite-1 walls by using different recrystallization media, one of which
has irregular arrays of mesopores, the other possesses 3D wormhole mesoporous structure. We speculate that formation of different
mesoporous structures results from different nucleation and growth process of materials 相似文献
18.
Zeolites have taken a leading position in petrochemical, fine, and bulk chemical industries due to their porous architecture, pore sizes, tunable acidity, and thermal stability. Various strategies of zeolites preparation, including template‐free, solvent‐free, and toxic mineral‐free strategies are summarized. Moreover, the zeolite synthesis using naturally occurring minerals and sustainable natural templates is also discussed, which involves the synthesis of nanocrystalline zeolites of different framework structures using plant‐based natural templates and biomass‐derived renewable chemicals. Overall this personal account provides the fundamentals of various sustainable synthetic strategies reported in the literature for the synthesis of zeolites with suitable examples that will be useful for the students and will motivate experienced researchers to develop various novel sustainable methods for the synthesis of zeolites and other inorganic materials of industrial relevance. 相似文献
19.
Electroanalytical Applications of Microporous Zeolites and Mesoporous (Organo)Silicas: Recent Trends
Alain Walcarius 《Electroanalysis》2008,20(7):711-738
Microporous zeolites and ordered mesoporous (organo)silicas have been widely used as electrode modifiers because of their attractive properties (ion exchange and size selectivity of zeolites, well ordered nanoreactors containing a high number of widely accessible active centers in mesoporous (organo)silicas). These properties have been intelligently combined to selected redox processes to improve the response of the resulting modified electrodes or to design novel electrochemical detection schemes. This up‐to‐date review provides the recent advances made in the electroanalytical applications of zeolite modified electrodes and discusses the interest of ordered mesoporous (organo)silica materials in electroanalysis. 相似文献
20.
Mesoporous Solid Acid Catalysts 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Solid acids have been employed as one of the most important catalysts for chemical processes. However, relatively low surface
area and small micropores of conventional solid acids have strongly limited their practical applications. This article systemically
reviews the synthesis and catalysis performance of mesoporous solid acids including (1) mesoporous aluminosilicates, (2) mesoporous
zeolites, (3) mesoporous sulfated zirconia, (4) mesoporous hybrid inorganic–organic materials, and (5) mesoporous resins. 相似文献