蒙脱土/二氧化钛复合颗粒电流变液材料的制备及其性能

利用溶胶-凝胶法制备了一种新型的蒙脱土/二氧化钛(MMT/TiO_2)复合电流变 颗粒材料，FT-IR，XRD，SEM分析表明TiO_2以纳米晶的形态包覆于蒙脱土表面。电 流变性能测试表明，MMT/TiO_2复合颗粒的电流变效应比纯蒙脱土电流变液有显著 提高，当颗粒体积分数为25%，直流电场强度为3kV/mm时，TiO_2质量分数为22.7% 的MMT/TiO_2复合颗粒电流变液的静态屈服应力达8.3kPa，此值约为纯蒙脱土电流 变液的4倍。同时发现TiO_2包覆量对电流变效应有重要影响。     

聚N-甲基苯胺/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的合成及其协同电流变效应

用插层聚合法制备了聚N 甲基苯胺 蒙脱土纳米复合材料微粒 ,通过IR、XRD及TEM对其结构进行了表征 .观察发现聚N 甲基苯胺插入蒙脱土层间后 ,蒙脱土片层间距由 0 96nm扩大至 1 34nm .将其分散在甲基硅油中 (2 0wt% )配制成无水电流变液 ,该复合材料表现出显著的协同效应 ,具有较好的电流变行为 .实验表明在电场作用下聚N 甲基苯胺 蒙脱土纳米复合材料的电流变效应比聚苯胺、蒙脱土都有显著提高 ,在 3kV mm(DC ,74 5s- 1 )时 ,剪切强度达 6 0kPa ;同时抗沉降性极好 ,静置 6 0天沉淀率小于 3% .介电性能测试表明聚N 甲基苯胺 蒙脱土纳米颗粒的介电常数和介电损耗较蒙脱土和聚N 甲基苯胺明显提高 ,电导率也达到了最佳范围 .     

A new approach of enhancing the shear stress of electrorheological fluids of montmorillonite nanocomposite by emulsion intercalation of poly-N-methaniline

Poly-N-methaniline/montmorillonite (PNMA-MMT) nanocomposite particles with high dielectric constant as well as suitable conductivity were synthesized by an emulsion intercalation method and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, and TEM spectrometry, respectively. The electrorheological (ER) properties of the suspensions of PNMA-MMT particles in silicone oil (20 wt%) were investigated under DC electric fields. It was found that the shear stress of poly-N-methaniline/montmorillonite electrorheological fluid (ERF) is 6.0 kPa in 3 kV/mm (74.5 s(-1)), which is 3.6 times that of electrorheological fluid at zero field, and also much higher than that of pure poly-N-methaniline (PNMA) and montmorillonite (MMT). In the range of 10-90 degrees C, the shear stress changes slightly with the temperature. The sedimentation ratio of PNMA-MMT ERF was about 97% after 60 days. Furthermore, the dielectric constant of PNMA-MMT nanocomposite was increased 3.74 times that of PNMA and 1.99 times that of MMT at 1000 Hz, the dielectric loss tangent also increased about 1.58 times that of PNMA. It is apparent that the notable ER effect of PNMA-MMT ER fluid was attributed to the prominent dielectric property of the poly-N-methaniline/montmorillonite nanocomposite particles.     

Synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites via emulsion polymerization using a zwitterionic surfactant

The synthesis of nanocomposites via emulsion polymerization was investigated using methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer, 10 wt % montmorillonite (MMT) clay, and a zwitterionic surfactant octadecyl dimethyl betaine (C18DMB). The particle size of the diluted polymer emulsion was about 550 nm, as determined by light scattering, while the sample without clay had a diameter of about 350 nm. The increase in the droplet size suggests that clay was present in the emulsion droplets. X-ray diffraction indicated no peak in the nanocomposites. Transmission electron microscopy showed that emulsion polymerization of MMA in the presence of C18DMB and MMT formed partially exfoliated nanocomposites. Differential scanning calorimetry showed an increase of 18 degrees C in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the nanocomposites. A dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer also verified a similar Tg increase, 16 degrees C, for the partially exfoliated nanocomposites over poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Thermogravimetric analysis indicated a 37 degrees C increase in the decomposition temperature for a 20 wt % loss. A PMMA nanocomposite with 10 wt % C18DMB-MMT was also synthesized via in situ polymerization. This nanocomposite was intercalated and had a Tg 10 degrees lower than the emulsion nanocomposite. The storage modulus of the partially exfoliated emulsion nanocomposite was superior to the intercalated structure at higher temperatures and to the pure polymer. The rubbery plateau modulus was over 30 times higher for the emulsion product versus pure PMMA. The emulsion technique produced nanocomposites of the highest molecular weight with a bimodal distribution. This reinstates that exfoliated structures have enhanced thermal and mechanical properties over intercalated hybrids.     

聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合乳液的制备及其表面施胶性能

采用蒙脱土(MMT)改性聚苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯(PSB)乳液制备了一种新型表面施胶剂。 比较了不同方法合成的乳液在性能上的异同。 采用X射线衍射（XRD）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）测试技术表征了复合材料的结构。 研究了苯丙/蒙脱土纳米复合乳液作为表面施胶剂对纸张的物理性能和抗水性能的影响。 结果表明,聚合法制备的复合乳液中蒙脱土片层已发生剥离并在复合物中呈现纳米级分散。 纳米复合乳液与淀粉以质量比1∶10（绝干）复配进行表面施胶时,纸张的施胶度、挺度和环压强度比纯苯丙施胶剂分别提高1.8倍、45.5%和44%。     

Nacre-inspired green artificial bionanocomposite films from the layerby-layer assembly of montmorillonite and chitosan

The simple LBL technique was introduced to fabricate green nacre-like chatosan/montmorillonite(CHI/MMT) films. The results of SEM and XRD analysis demonstrate that the produced CHI/MMT composites films stacked densely together to bring out well-defined nacre-like brick-mortar structure. The nanoindentation technique is used to characterize the mechanical properties of the layered nanocomposite films, which show enhanced mechanical modulus(up to ～6.64 GPa) compared with the pure chitosan.     

Polystyrene/MMT nanocomposites prepared by soap-free emulsion polymerization with high solids content

Polystyrene/montmorillonite (PSt/MMT) nanocomposite latexes have been synthesized by soap-free emulsion polymerization using MMT clay platelets as stabilizer. Small amounts of methacrylic acid were used as auxiliary monomer to promote clay adhesion to the surface of the particles. Overall solids content of the composite latexes in complete absence of coagulation of up to 30.7?wt% are reported under batch conditions. The 3?wt% MMT clay platelets were sufficient to maintain the colloidal stability and increasing MMT clay content resulted in the increase of particle diameter due to the improved viscosity of reaction medium. Transmission electron microscopy results demonstrate the existence of MMT platelets on the particle surface. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) results show that an exfoliated structure of PSt/MMT nanocomposites was obtained in this study with the absence of d₀₀₁ diffraction peak of MMT in the XRD region.     

The influence of high dielectric constant core on the activity of core-shell structure electrorheological fluid

The core-shell structural dielectric particles are applied widely in the electrorheological (ER) fluids. The properties of the dielectric core are critical factors influencing their ER activity. In this paper, we successfully synthesized two kinds of core-shell hydroxyl titanium oxalate (TOC) particles with SiO(2) and TiO(2) as core, respectively. The obtained core-shell structural SiO(2)-TOC and TiO(2)-TOC particles were well-dispersed spherical nanoparticles with ideal morphology and a narrow size distribution. Under DC electric fields, the TiO(2)-TOC ER fluid showed notable ER activity with a yield stress of about 96 kPa (at 4 kV/mm), which is 3 times of that SiO(2)-TOC ER fluid and outclassed the yield stress of the TOC ER fluid. The dielectric spectra indicated that the higher dielectric constant of TiO(2) core induces the stronger interaction between the neighboring particles, which contribute to the enhancement of ER activity.     

聚酰胺6/蒙脱石纳米复合材料的紫外光老化

聚合物 /层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的研究十分活跃 [1～ 4 ] .聚酰胺 6/蒙脱石 ( PA6/MMT)纳米复合材料与纯聚酰胺 6( PA6)相比 ,模量和强度明显提高 ,耐热性能提高尤为显著 .光氧化行为材料科学领域的重要研究课题 .Admas等 [5]报道在紫外光照射下 ,聚丙烯 /粘土纳米复合材料的氧化速度要比纯聚丙烯的快 .对于 PA6/MMT纳米复合材料的光老化研究尚未见报道 .本文以傅里叶变换红外光谱定量研究手段 ,对比分析了 PA6/MMT纳米复合材料与 PA6的紫外光氧化性能 .1　实验部分　　采用熔体插层技术 ,将 PA6( Honeywell B1 0 0 MP)和有机蒙…     

插层聚合制备聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料及其结构性能表征

将插层聚合的概念引入烯烃聚合,制备了聚丙烯／蒙脱土（PP／MMT）纳米复合材料。X射线衍射和TEM分析结果表明,蒙脱土在聚丙烯基体中达到了纳米级的分散,动态力学性能研究结果表明,在高于Tg的温度区域内PP／MMT纳米复合材料的储能模量（E′）成倍增加,加入8％的蒙脱土（MMT）,PP／MMT的E′提高近3倍。PP／MMT的玻璃化转变温度Tg有一定程度的提高,随蒙脱土含量的增加,PP／MMT的热分解温度和热变形温度（HDT）都有大幅度提高。     

辐照法制备PVAc/蒙脱土纳米复合材料及其表征

蒙脱土有机化后 ,片层结构间距离增大 ,对有机物的亲和性有所增强 .采用VAc单体渗入有机化蒙脱土层间 .经γ 射线辐照引发原位插层聚合 ,使蒙脱土片层结构发生剥离 ,形成无机 有机纳米复合材料 .并用X衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜以及透射电镜等现代测试手段对复合材料进行了表征     

酚醛树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及固化反应动力学研究

利用自制的有机蒙脱土 ,采用浇模固化成型法制备酚醛树脂 /六次甲基四胺 /蒙脱土纳米复合材料 ,并用XRD观察有机蒙脱土分别在热塑性和热固性酚醛树脂中复合行为 .研究发现 ,由于两种树脂的固化反应机理不同 ,热固性酚醛树脂与蒙脱土复合 ,可得插层型纳米复合材料 ;而采用热塑性酚醛树脂进行固化 ,则得到部分剥离的纳米复合材料 .通过DSC进一步研究热塑性酚醛树脂 /蒙脱土复合体系的固化反应动力学 .运用Kissinger ,Flynn Wall Ozawa ,Crane方法求出活化能和反应级数等动力学参数 .结果发现 ,加入蒙脱土使固化反应活化能下降 ,反应级数减小 ,从而有利于固化工艺的实现 ,便于纳米复合材料实际应用 .     

Low-temperature synthesis and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 pillared montmorillonite

TiO2 pillared montmorillonite (PILM) was synthesized by hydrolyzing TiO2 sol into the interlayers of montmorillonite (MMT) at low temperatures. It is novel that all the as-prepared catalysts without calcination show a high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of acid red G (ARG) under UV light irradiation. The as-prepared powders were characterized by XRD, TEM, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, BET, and FT-IR. The X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the (001) plane of MMT in the composites disappeared and that the layered structure became disordered, which also was confirmed by the TEM photographs. The UV absorption edge of the composites shows a red-shift in comparison to that of pure TiO2 particles. The obtained catalyst has the highest photocatalytic activity when the composite temperature is 70 degrees C, which could be attributed to the synergetic effects of the adsorbability of MMT and the photocatalytic property of TiO2 in it.     

Preparation of thermosetting polyurethane nanocomposites by montmorillonite modified with a novel intercalation agent

A novel thermosetting polyurethane (TSPU)/organic montmorillonite (OMMT) nanocomposite has been synthesized. N‐diamino octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DODTMAC) was used as an intercalation agent to treat Na⁺‐montmorillonite (MMT) and form a novel kind of OMMT. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data indicated that the MMT was successfully intercalated by this intercalation agent, as evidenced by the fact that the basal spacing of MMT galleries was expanded from 1.5 to 3.2 nm. This OMMT was used to prepare the TSPU nanocomposites. Both the reinforcing and compatibilizing performance of the filler were investigated. Tensile tests showed that the tensile strength of TSPU/OMMT‐4 was the highest, and was about 3.62 times higher than that of the pure TSPU, and also the elongation at break showed an enhancement. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) measurements illustrated that the glass transition temperature of the TSPU/OMMT‐4 nanocomposite was improved from 0.5 to 6.5 °C, which corresponded to the restriction of the soft segments of TSPU. The highest initial and center temperatures of TSPU/OMMT‐4 obtained from TGA were due to the highest retard effect of the TSPU molecular chains. WAXD studies showed that the formation of the nanocomposites in all the cases with the almost disappearance of the peaks corresponding to the basal spacing of MMT. SEM and TEM were used to investigate the morphologies of the TSPU/OMMT‐4 nanocomposite, and demonstrated that the nanocomposite was comprised of a well dispersion of a mixture of intercalated and exfoliated silicate layers throughout the matrix. It was proposed that the nano‐reinforcing effect caused by the well‐dispersed silicate layers might reduce the amount and size of voids and increase the length of the crack‐spreading path during tensile drawing. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 519–531, 2007.     

有机硅橡胶/蒙脱土纳米复合弹性印章的制备

聚二甲基硅氧烷硅橡胶(PDMS)是用于制作软刻蚀技术[1,2]中弹性印章的最常用材料, 但使用单一的硅橡胶制作的印章存在易变形、易溶胀等缺点. 本文用有机蒙脱土(MMT)和硅橡胶进行插层纳米复合改性, 用树脂固化仪对复合体系进行固化行为分析和固化配方优化, 并对复合材料的耐溶胀性能及其弹性印章的表面形貌进行观察比较.     

Immobilization of poly(fluorene) within clay nanocomposite: an easy way to control keto defect

Blue light emitting cationic polyfluorene polymer(PF)/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites were prepared by solution intercalation and exfoliation method to evaluate the effect of MMT on the nanocomposite structures, properties and morphologies. The properties of PF-MMT composites, containing 1-50 mass% MMT, were characterized unambiguously with the help of multiple analytical techniques, with focus on the keto defect and photostability of PF in the nanocomposites. XRD and HRTEM studies reveal both exfoliation of MMT galleries at lower content of MMT in composites and intercalation of PF chains into the MMT galleries at higher MMT content. The nanocomposites show higher thermal stability than pristine PF as anchorage of nanoclay in PF matrix occur through the electrostatic interaction between nanoclay and polymer. The decrease in Si-O-Si stretching frequency during exfoliation is much higher than in intercalation, as Si-O-Si experience lesser hindrance to vibrate in exfoliated MMT galleries. The gradual redshift of π-π(*) transition peak of PF with increasing MMT content in composites confirms the uncoiling of PF in clay galleries. The photoluminescence characteristics reveal interruption of interchain interaction in this intercalated and exfoliated organic/inorganic hybrid system, which reduces the low-energy emission that results from keto defect. Due to very high aspect ratio of MMT, it can act as an efficient exciton blocking layer and a barrier to oxygen diffusion, which may lead to a device with high color purity and enhanced photostability. Again current-voltage characteristics of nanocomposite films confirm the retention of LED properties after nanocomposite formation.     

Synthesis and Characterization of New Material——La/Zr/MMT Employed in Acetone Oxidation

A new material of zirconium pillared montmorillonite added with lanthanum （denoted as La/Zr/MMT） was prepared for acetone oxidation. Surface properties of the catalysts were investigated by means of XRD, TEM, TG-DTA and BET methods. The XRD result indicated that the interlayer space of the montmorillonite was enlarged from 1.57 to 4.85 um after the treatment with zirconium pillaring and the addition of lanthanum. N2 adsorption-desorption result showed that by the process of zirconium pillaring, the specific surface area of the sample was increased to 128.0 m^2/g, which was two times almost as large as pure montmorillonite. Simultaneously, the thermal stability was also enhanced. The activity of the new material on the total oxidation of acetone was investigated, and the results indicated that the catalytic activity of the montmorillonite was greatly improved. Over the sample of La/Zr/MMT, the T98 of acetone was obtained at 350 ℃, while it needs 400 ℃ over the pure montmorillonite. After 0.1% Pd was supported on the sample of La/Zr/MMT, the T98 decreased from 350 to 280 ℃, indicating the montmorillonite is a promising material for the control of some types of the volatile organic compounds such as acetone.     

聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的等温结晶研究

采用差示扫描量热法 (DSC)对插层聚合法制备的聚丙烯 /蒙脱土纳米复合材料 (PP MMT)的等温结晶过程进行了研究 .引入蒙脱土 (MMT)后 ,PP MMT的结晶速率大幅度提高 ,相对结晶度略有下降 .采用Avrami方程对结晶动力学进行研究 ,Avrami指数n≈ 3 .0 ,半结晶时间t1 2 大幅度降低 .采用Hoffman理论计算了PP MMT的球晶生长的单位面积表面自由能σe,结果表明σe 随MMT含量的增加逐渐降低     

两性纳米复合高吸水性树脂的结构与性能

通过丙烯酸钠、阳离子单体丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)与钠蒙脱土原位溶液聚合成功地制备了具有插层结构的两性纳米复合高吸水性树脂. 其吸水性树脂吸水倍率和凝胶的抗压强度相对于聚丙烯酸钠基质均有较大提高. 吸水倍率最高可达2 380 g/g, 而凝胶的抗压强度提高到基质的180%左右. 由于复合材料结构上具有两性基团, 表现出对环境pH值特殊的应答性. 同时, 阳离子单体DAC的加入影响体系纳米结构的形成.     

乳液法PVC/Na~+-MMT纳米复合材料的结构表征及性能研究

聚氯乙烯(PVC)是一种重要的通用塑料，其制品目前已广泛应用于化学建材和其它部门．尽管PVC具有诸多优点，但仍存在一些严重缺点．如热稳定和耐老化性能差，缺口冲击强度低等^[1]．因此，对PVC改性的研究始终是人们关注的热点之一．